ERKEL 


EART 
SCiE 
I LIBR/ 


CAUFORNIA 


EESE  LIBRARY 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


Received '_  _ 
Accessions  No._^^. 


Shelf  No. 


THIRD    APPENDIX 


TO  THE 


FIFTH    EDITION 


OF 


DANA'S    MINEKALOGY, 


BY 

EDWARD    S.    DANA, 

CURATOR  OF  MINERALOGY,   TALE   COLLEGE. 


COMPLETING    THE    WORK   TO    1882. 


NEW    YORK: 
JOHN    WILEY    &    SONS, 

15  ASTOR  PLACE. 

1882. 


COPYRIGHT, 

1882, 
BY  E.  S.  DANA. 


o 
.-o 


EARTH 

SCIENCES 

LIBRARY 


PREFATORY    NOTE. 


THIS  Third  Appendix  to  the  fifth  edition  of  the  System  of  Mineralogy  is  designed  to 
make  the  work  complete  up  to  January,  1882.  Its  publication  has  been  unavoidably 
delayed  long  after  the  date  originally  set  for  its  completion.  The  fact  that  seven  years 
have  elapsed  since  the  issue  of  the  Second  Appendix  (March,  1875),  will  be  a  sufficient  ex- 
planation of  the  perhaps  inconvenient  length  to  which  it  extends. 

This  Appendix  contains  :  (1),  full  descriptions  of  all  species  announced  asnew  since  the 
publication  of  Appendix  II. ;  and  (2),  references  to  all  important  mineralogical  articles 
which  have  been  Jjublished  during  the  same  period,  with  citations  from  them  of  many  new 
analyses  and  new  facts  as  to  physical  characters  and  localities.  Under  each  species  the 
entries  are,  for  the  most  part,  arranged  under  two  heads  :  that  of  Crystallization  (Cryst.), 
for  the  articles  which  treat  of  the  crystalline  form ;  and  that  of  Analyses  (Anal.),  for  those 
containing  chemical  analyses,  with  or  without  other  matter. 

The  number  of  "new  species"  is  very  large,  aggregating  fully  three  hundred  (300). 
Unfortunately  the  original  descriptions  of  a  large  part  of  them  are  very  incomplete,  and  in 
too  many  cases  the  names  are  contributions  only  to  the  nomenclature  of  the  Science.  If 
two  very  simple  rules  could  be  conscientiously  followed  by  those  investigating  supposed 
new  species,  the  Science  of  Mineralogy  would  bo  vastly  benefited.  These  are  :  first,  that  the 
material  analyzed  should  in  every  case  be  proved  by  a  careful  microscopic  and  chemical 
examination  to  be  homogeneous;  and,  second,  that  the  thorough  investigation  which  is  to 
establish  the  position  of  a  "  new  species  "  should  precede,  not  follow,  the  giving  of  a  new 
name.  A  mineral  which  can  be?  only  partially  described  docs  not  deserve  a  name. 

In  the  classified  list  of  new  names  on  p.  xi.,  those  which  seem  to  have  a  fair  claim  to 
recognition  (including  the  names  of  some  well-characterized  varieties)  are  placed  first. 
Following  these  in  each  division,  are  given  in  a  paragraph  the  names,  (1),  of  ordinary 
varieties  having  no  especially  distinctive  character  ;  (2),  of  imperfectly  described  or  doubt- 
ful species,  for  which  further  study  is  much  to  be  desired  ;  and  (3),  of  those  so-called 
species  which  are  obviously  bad.  The  names  of  all  species,  new  and  old,  are  arranged 
in  the  body  of  the  work  in  alphabetical  order;  the  former  are  printed  in  black-faced  type. 
References  are  given  both  to  the  System  and  also  to  Appendixes  I.  and  II. ;  Appendix  III. 
is,  consequently,  an  index  for  the  earlier  Appendixes. 

The  Bibliography  includes  a  list  of  mineralogical  works  published  since  January,  1875. 
To  this  is  added  a  'list  of  new  journals  devoted  wholly,  or  in  part,  to  mineralogical  sub- 
jects, and  also  a  list  of  memoirs  upon  a  single  subject  of  more  than  ordinary  importance. 
For  the  explanation  of  Abbreviations,  see  the  System,  pp.  xxxv.-xlv.,  and  also  this 
Introduction,  p.  viii.  The  thanks  of  the  writer  are  due  to  Professor  George  J.  Brush  for 
his  kindness  in  reading  a  set  of  the  proofs  as  the  work  was  going  through  the  press. 
i 

NEW  HAVEN,  April  1st,  1882, 


((UNIVERSITY 
; 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


I.-CRYSTALLOGRAPHY  AND  PHYSICAL  MINERALOGY. 

GROTH,  P.     Physikalische  Krystallographie  und  Einleitung  in  die  krystallographische 
Kenntniss  der  wichtigeren  Substanzen,  523  pp.  8vo,  Leipzig,  1876. 

GURNEY,  H.  P.     Crystallography,  128  pp.  I2mo,  London,  1878. 

KENNGOTT.     120    Krystallformennetze  zum    Anfertigen    von    Krystallmodellen,     8vo, 
Prague,  1876  and  1878. 

KLEIN,  C.     Einleitung  in  die  Krystallberechnung,  393  pp.  8vo,  Stuttgart,  1875. 

KNOP,  A.     System  der  Anorganographie,  als  Grundlage  filr  Vortrage  an  Hochschulen, 
296  pp.  8vo,  Leipzig,  1876. 

MILNE.     Notes  on  Crystallography  and  Crystallophysics,  70  pp.  8vo,  London,  1879. 

LIEBISCH.     Geornetrische  Krystallographie,  464  pp.  8vo,  Leipzig,  1881. 

MALLARD.     Traite  de  Cristallographie  geometrique  et  physique,  vol.  i.,  Paris,  1879. 

RAMMELSBERG,  0.  F.     Handbuch  der  krystallographisch-physikalischen  Chemie.     Ab- 
theilung  1:  Elemente  und  anorganische  Yerbindungen,  615  pp.  8vo,  Leipzig,  1881. 

REUSCH,  E.     Die  stereographische  Projection,  32  pp.  large  8vo,  Leipzig,  1881. 

SADEBECK,  A.     Angewandte    Krystallographie  (Ausbildung  der    Krystalle,    Zwillings- 
bildurig,    Krystallotektonik)     nebst    einem    Anhang     ilber    Zonenlehre,    284    pp.    8vo, 
Berlin,  1876. 
•  SELLA.     Primi  elementi  di  cristallografia,  2a  ediz.,  78  pp.  16mo,  Torino,  1878. 

SOHNCKE,   L.     Die  unbegrenzten    regelmassigen   Punktsysteme,   als    Grundlage  einer 
Theorie  der  Krystallstructur,  83  pp.  8vo,  Karlsruhe  (Verh.  Nat.  Ver.  Karlsruhe,  vii.). 

Entwickelung  einer  Theorie  der  Krystallstructur,  247  pp.  8vo,  Leipzig,   1879. 

ZEPHAROVICH,Y.  VON.     Krystallographische  Wandtafeln  fur  Yortrage  iiber  Mineralogie. 
folio,  Prague,  1877. 


II.— DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 

BRUSH,  G.  J.  Manual  of  Determinative  Mineralogy,  with  an  Introduction  on  Blowpipe 
Analysis,  3d  edition,  104  pp.  8vo,  New  York,  1878. 

FOEYE,  J.  C.  Tables  for  the  Determination,  Description,  and  Classification  of  Minerals, 
1st  edition,  1875  ;  2d  edition,  1882  ;  85  pp.  8vo,  Chicago. 

FUCHS,  C.  W.  C.  Anleitung  zum  Bestimmen  der  Mineralien,  2te  Auflage,  144  pp.  8vo, 
Giessen,  1875. 

HIRSCHWALD,  J.  Lothrohr-Tabellen  ;  ein  Leitfaden  zur  chemischen  Untersuchung  auf 
trockenem  Wege,  ftir  Chemiker,  Hilttenleute,  und  Mineralogen,  8vo,  Leipzig,  1875. 

KOBELL,  F.  v.  Tafeln  zur  Bestimmung  der  Mineralien  mittelst  einfacher  chemischer 
Versuche  auf  trockenem  und  nassem  Wege,  lite  Auflage,  110  pp.  8vo,  Munich,  1878. 

LANDAUER,  J.  Die  Lothrohranalyse,  Anleitung  zu  qualitativen  chemischen  Unter- 
suchungen  auf  trockenem  Wege,  158  pp.  1876,  2te  Auflage,  176  pp.,  1881,  Braunschweig. 
Blowpipe  Analysis  ;  English  edition,  by  James  Taylor  and  William  E.  Kay, 
161  pp.  12mo,  London,  1879. 

LAUBE,  G.  C.  Hilf stafeln  zur  Bestimmung  der  Mineralien  ;  zum  Gebrauch  fur  Anfanger 
in  mineralogischen  Uebungsstunden,  2te  Auflage,  Prag,  1879. 

LEYPOLD,  F.  Mineralogische  Tafeln  ;  Anleitung  zur  Bestimmung  der  Mineralien;  128 
pp.  8vo,  Stuttgart,  1878. 

RICHTER,  T.    Plattner's  Probirkunst  mit  dem  Lothrohre,  oder  vollstandige  Anleitung  zu 


yi  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

qualitativen  und  quantitativen  Lothrohr-Untersuchungen,  5te  Auflage,  665  pp.  8vo,  Leip- 
zig, 1877-78. 

SzAfi6,  J.  Ueber  eine  neue  Methode  die  Feldspathe  auch  in  Gesteinen  zu  bestimmen,  80 
pp.  8vo,  Budapest,  1876. 

WEISBACH,  A.  Tabellen  zur  Bestimmung  der  Mineralien  nach  ausseren  Kennzeichen, 
2te  Auflage,  8vo,  Leipzig,  1878. 

WIIK,  F.  J.  Mineral  Karakteristik,  en  Handledning  vid  bestammandet  af  Mineralier 
och  Bergarter,  217  pp.  small  8vo,  Helsingfors,  1881. 


III.—  A.  DESCRIPTIVE  MINERALOGY— GENERAL  WORKS. 

BAUERMANN,  H.  Text-Book  of  Systematic  Mineralogy,  vol.  i.  (Crystallography,  etc.), 
367  pp.  12mo,  London,  1881. 

BOMBICCI.  Corso  di  Mineralogia,  Seconda  Edizione,  vol.  i.,  564  pp.,  1873  ;  vol.  ii.  (in 
two  parts),  1031  pp.,  1875,  Bologna. 

Mineralogia  generale.  174  pp.,  Milan,  1880. 

COLLINS,  J.  H.  Mineralogy,  vol.  i.,  the  general  principles  of  Mineralogy,  206  pp.  12mo, 
London  and  New  York,  1878. 

DANA,  E.  S.  A  Text-Book  of  Mineralogy  with  an  extended  Treatise  on  Crystallography 
and  Physical  Mineralogy,  on  the  plan  and  with  the  co-operation  of  Professor  James  D. 
Dana,  486  pp.  8vo,  New  York,  1877. 

DANA,  JAMES  D.  Manual  of  Mineralogy  and  Lithology,  containing  the  elements  of  the 
Science  of  Minerals  and  Rocks  for  the  use  of  the  practical  Mineralogist  and  Geologist  and 
for  instruction  in  Schools  and  Colleges,  3d  edition,  474  pp.  12mo,  New  York,  1878. 

DELAFOSSE.     Mineralogie,  nouvelle  edition,  251  pp.  8vo,  Paris,  1876. 

DOMEYKO,  I.  Quinto  Apendice  al  Tratado  de  Mineralojia  i  al  reino  mineral  de  Chile  i 
de  las  republicas  vecinas,  79pp.  8vo,  Santiago,  1876  ;  Sexto  Apendice,  45  pp.,  1878. 

—  Mineralojia,  tercera  edicionquecomprende  principalmente  las  espeeiesmineralojicas 
de  Chile,  Bolivia,  Peru  i  Provicias  Arjentinas,  762  pp.,  8vo,  Santiago,  1879  ;  Primer 
Apendice,  1881. 

GROTH,  P.  Die  Mineralien-Sammlung  der  Kaiser- Wilhelms-TJniversitat,  Strassburg  ; 
ein  Supplement  zu  den  vorhandenen  mineral ogischen  Handbiichern,  271  pp.  4to.  Strass- 
burg, 1878. 

—  Tabellarische  Uebersicht  der  Mineralien  nach  ihren  krystallographisch-chemischen 
Beziehungen  geordnet,  zweite  vollstandig  neu  bearbeitete  Auflage,  134  pp.  4to,  Braun- 
schweig, 1882. 

HELMHACKER.  Die  Mineralogie  und  Geognosie  fur  Bergarbeiter  an  Steigerschulen,  144 
pp.  8vo,  Vienna,  1876. 

HERD.     Lehrbuch  der  Mineralogie,  307  pp.  8vo,  St.  Petersburg,  1877. 

HOCHSTETTER  u.  BiscHiNG.  Leitfaden  der  Mineralogie  u.  Geologie  fur  die  oberen  Klas- 
sen  an  Mittelschulen,  172  pp.  8vo,  Vienna,  1876. 

HORNSTEIN.  Kleines  Lehrbuch  der  Mineralogie,  2te  Auflage,  320  pp.  8vo,  Cassel, 
1875. 

JANNETTAZ.     Elements  de  Mineralogie,  nouvelle  edition,  64  pp.  16mo,  Paris,  1880. 

KENNGOTT,  A.  Lehrbuch  der  Mineralogie  zum  Gebrauche  beim  Uhterricht  an  Schulen 
und  holieren  Lehranstalten,  3te  Auflage,  2il  pp.  8vo,  1875  ;  4te  Auflage,  1876  ;  5te  Auflage, 
1880  ;  Darmstadt. 

KOBELL,  F.  v.  Die  Mineralogie,  leichtfasslich  dargestellt  mit  Riicksicht  auf  dasVor- 
kommen  der  Mineralien,  etc.,  5te  Auflage,  274pp.  8vo,  Leipzig,  1878. 

KOKSCHAROF,  N.  VON.  Materialien  zur  Mineralogie  Russlands,  vol.  vi.,  pp.  209-407;  vii., 
pp.  1-176,  1875;  vii.,  pp.  177-384;  viii.,  1-32,  1878;  vol.  viii.,  pp.  33-320,  1881,  St. 
Petersburg. 

LEYMERIE.  Elements  de  Mineralogie  et  de  Lithologie,  ouvrage  complementaire  des 
elements  de  Geologie,  3e  edition,  283,  pp.  12mo,  1878  ;  4e  edition,  279  pp.,  1879,  Paris. 

MALLARD.     Cours  de  Mineralogie,  Ecole  des  Mines,  1877-78,  Paris,  1878. 

NAUMANN-ZIRKEL.  Elemente  der  Mineralogie  von  C.  F.  Naumann,  zehnte  Auflage  von 
F.  Zirkel,  714  pp.  8vo,  1877  ;  elfte  Auflage  von  Zirkel,  735  pp.  8vo,  Leipzig,  1881. 

PISANI.     Traite  ele"mentaire  de  Mineralogie,  415  pp.  8vo,  Paris,  1875. 

QUENSTEDT.     Handbuch  der  Mineralogie,  3te  Auflage,  481-997  pp.   8vo,  Tubingen,  1877. 

RA^MELSBERG,  C.  F.  Handbuch  der  Mineralchemie,  zweite  Auflage,  I.,  136  pp.,  1875: 
II.,  744pp.,  1875. 

ROTH,  J.     Allgemeine  und  chemische  Geologie,  vol.  i. ,  Berlin,  1879. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY.  yi| 

RUDORFF.  Grundriss  der  MiDeralogie  fur  den  Unterricht  an  ho'heren  Lehranstalten,  95 
pp.  8vo,  Berlin,  1875  and  1876. 

SCHRAUF.     Atlas  der  Krystall-formen  des  Mineralreiches,  4,  5  Lieferungen,  Vienna. 

SELLE,  A.  DE.     Cours  de  Mineralogie  et  de  Geologic,  589  pp.  8vo,  Paris,  1878. 

SENFT,  F.  Synopsis  der  Mineralogie  und  Geognosie ;  Ite  Abtheilung,  Mineralogie,  931 
pp.  8vo,  Hannover,  1875. 

SJOGREN,  A.  Larobok  i  Mineralogi  for  elementarlaroverk  och  tekniska  Skolor,  3e  uppl. 
bearbetad  af  H.  Sjogren,  218  pp.  8vo,  Stockholm,  1881. 

STELZNER  u.  PROLSS.  Atlas  der  Mineralogie,  4  Tafeln  nebst  erlaut.  Texte,  40  pp.  4to, 
Leipzig,  1875. 

TSCHERMAK,  G.     Lchrbuch  der  Mineralogie,  erste  Lieferung,  192  pp.  8vo,  Vienna,  1881. 

WEISBACH,  A.  Synopsis  Mineralogica,  systeinatische  Uebersicht  des  Mineralreiches,  78 
pp.  8vo,  Freiberg,  1875. 

ZANGERLE,  M.  Lehrbuch  der  Mineralogie,  unter  Zugrundelegung  der  neueren  Ansich- 
ten  in  der  Chemie,  2te  Auflage,  166  pp.  8vo,  Braunschweig,  1880. 

HARTOGH  HEIJS  v.  ZOUTEREEN.     Handbook  d.  Mineralogie,  1881. 


III.— B.     DESCRIPTIVE  MINERALOGY— WORKS  ON  SPECIAL  SUBJECTS,   PUBLISHED 

SEPARATELY. 

BLUM,  J.  R.  Die  Pseudomorphosen  des  Mineralreichs,  4ter  Nachtrag,  212  pp.  8vo> 
Heidelberg,  1879. 

BORICKY,  E.  Elemente  einer  neuen  chemisch-mikroskopischen  Mineral-  und  Gesteins- 
analyse,  72  pp.  4to,  Prag,  1877. 

BRACKEBUSCH,  D.  Luis.  L:is  Especies  Mincrales  de  la  Republica  Argentina,  120pp., 
Buenos  Aires,  1879.  (Anal.  Soc.  Cientif.  Argentina.) 

COHEN,  E.  Sammlung  von  MikrophotographieenzurVeranschaulichung  der  mikroskop- 
ishen  Structur  von  Mineralien  und  Gesteinen,  aufgenommen  von  J.  Grimm  Offenburg, 
1,  2,  3,  4  Lfg.,  Stuttgart,  1881-82. 

DOELTER.  Die  Bestimmung  der  petrographiscli  wichtigeren  Mineralien  durch  das  Mikro- 
skop  ;  Eine  Anieitung  zur  mikroskop.  Gesteins-Analyse,  36  pp.  8vo,  Vienna,  1876. 

ENDLICH,  F.  M.  Catalogue  of  Minerals  found  in  Colorado  ;  Washington,  1878  (Annual 
Reoort  of  Gcol.  Survey  for  1876,  pp.  135-159). 

ENGSTROM,  N.  Undersokning  af  nagra  mineral,  som  inneh&lla  sallsynta  jordarter. 
Inaug.  Dis.,  Upsala,  1877. 

FISCHER,  HEINRICH.  Nephrit  und  Jadeit  nach  ihren  mineralogischen  Eigenschaften,  so 
wie  nach  ihrer  urgeschichtlichen  und  ethnographischen  Bedeutung,  411  pp.  8vo,  Stuttgart, 
1875;  2te  Auflage,  1880. 

FOUQUE,  F.  and  MICHEL-LEVY,  A.  Mineralogie  micrographique,  roches  eruptives  Fran- 
caises,  509  pp.  4to,  Paris,  1879. 

FUGGER.     Die  Mineralien  des  Herzogth.  Salzburg,  124  pp.  8vo,  Salzburg,  1878. 

GEINITZ,  FRANZ  EUGEN.  Studien  iiber  Mineral-Pseudomorphosen  (Iriaug.  Dissert.)  56 
pp.  8vo,  Stuttgart,  1876. 

GENTH,  F.  A.  Second  Preliminary  Report  on  the  Mineralogy  of  Pennsylvania,  31  pp. , 
Harrisburg,  1876. 

GENTH,  F.  A.  and  KERR,  W.  C.  Minerals  and  Mineral  Localities  of  North  Carolina, 
122  pp.,  Raleigh,  1881  (Geol.  N.  Carolina,  1881). 

GOLDSCHMIDT,  v.  Ueber  die  Verwendbarkeit  einer  Kaliumquecksilberjodidlosung  bei 
mineralogischen  und  petrographischen  Untersuchungen.  Inaug.  Diss.  Stuttgart,  18sO. 

GONNARD,  F.  Mineralogie  du  Departement  du  Puy-de-Dome,  192  pp.  8vo,  Paris  and 
Lyons,  1876.  Memoires  sur  les  Zealithes  de  1'Auvergne,  96  pp.,  Paris,  1875. 

HARE,  R.  B.  Die  Serpentinmasse  von  Reichenstein  und  die  darm  vorkommenden 
Mineralien.  Inaug.  Diss.  Breslau,  1879. 

How,  H.     Mineralogy  of  Nova  Scotia,  215  pp.,  London,  1875. 

JOHNSTRUP,  F.  Giesecke's  Mineralogiske  Reise  i  Gronland,  372  pp.  8vo,  Copenhagen, 
1878. 

LEONHARD,  G.     Die  Mineralien  Badens  nach  ihrem  Vorkommen,  65  pp.,  Stuttgart,  1876. 

MOUCHKETOFF.     Les  richcsses  Minerales  du  Turkestan  Russe,  34  pp.  4to,  Paris. 

RAIMONDI.  Mineraux  du  Perou :  Catalogue  raisonne  d'une  collection  des  principaux  types 
mineraux  de  la  Republique.  Traduit  de  1'Espagnol  par  J.-B.  H.  Martinet,  336  pp.  8vo, 
Paris,  1878. 


yiil  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

SCHMIDT,  A.  Die  Blei-  und  Zinkerzlagerstatten  von  Stidwest  Missouri,  Heidelberg,  1876. 
Die  Zinkerzlagerstatten  von  Wiesloch,  Baden,  122  pp.,  Heidelberg,  1881. 

SINGER,  S.  Beitrage  zur  Kenntniss  der  am  Bauersberge  bei  Bischofsheim  vor  der  Rhon 
vorkommenden  Sulfate.  Inaug.  Diss.  Wiirzburg,  187s). 

SMITH,  J.  ALDEN.  Catalogue  of  the  Minerals  of  Colorada,  Denver,  1880  (Rep.  of  State 
Geologist  of  Dec.  31,  1880,  pp.  45-74).  ' 

SPIESS,  G.     Zur  Geschichte  der  Pseudomorphosen  des  Mineralreichs,  1878  (Leopoldina.) 

THOULET.  Contributions  a  1'etude  des  proprietes  physiques  et  chemiques  des  mineraux 
microscopiques,  77  pp.  8vo,  Paris. 

WENCKENBACH,  R.  Uebersicht  tiber  die  in  Nassau  aufgefundenen  einfachen  Mineralien, 
Jahrb.  Nass.  Ver.  Nat.,  pp.  149-219,  1878-79. 

ZIRKEL,  F.  Die  Einfiihrung  des  Mikroskops  in  das  mineralogisch-geologische  Studiuir 
4to,  Leipzig,  1881 

IV.— NEW  JOURNALS. 

American  Chemical  Journal  (Am.  Ch.  Journ.},  edited  with  the  aid  of  chemists  at  home 
and  abroad,  by  Ira  Remsen,  Baltimore.  Commenced  in  1879,  published  in  yearly  volumes  of 
6  numbers. 

R.  Comitato  Geologico  d'  Italia;  Bolletino  (Boll.  Com.  Greol.}.  Commenced  in  1869,  pub- 
lished in  yearly  volumes  of  12  numbers. 

Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Mineralogique  de  France  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.}.  Commenced  in  1878, 
published  in  yearly  volumes  of  8  or  9  numbers. 

Geologiska  Foreningens  i  Stockholm  Forhandlingar  ( G-eol.  For.  Forli}.  Commenced  in 
1872.  Vol.  i.  (Nos.  1  to  14),  1872-73;  ii.  (Nos.  15  to  28),  1874-75;  iii.  (Nos.  29  to  42),  1876- 
77;  iv.  (Nos.  43  to  56),  1878-79 ;  v.  (Nos.  57  to  70),  1880-81. 

The  Mineralogical  Magazine  and  Journal  of  the  Mineralogical  Society  of  Gt.  Britain 
and  Ireland  (Min.  Mag.}.  Commenced  April,  1876.  Vol.  i.  (Nos.  1  and  2,  1876,  3-7  incl., 
1877);  ii.  (Nos.  8,  9,  10,  1878;  11,  12,  12*,  1879);  iii.  (Nos.  13,  14,  15,  1879;  16,  17,  1880); 
iv.  (Nos.  18,  19,  1880;  20,  1881). 

Mineralogische  Mittheilungen  gesammelt  von  G.  Tschermak  (Min.  Mittli.}.  Commenced 
1871.  Since  1878  published  in  separate  form  of  smaller  size  as 

Mineralogische  und  Petrographische  Mittheilungen  (Min.  Petr.  MittJi.},  in  yearly  volumes 
of  6  numbers.  Vol.  i.,  1878;  ii.,  1879;  iii,  1880;  iv.,  1881. 

Zeitschrift  filr  Krystallographie  und  Mineralogie,  unter  Mitwirkung  zahlreicher  Fach- 
genossen  des  In- und  Auslandes,  herausgegeben  von  P.  Groth  (Z.  Kryst.}.  Commenced  in 
1877,  published  in  yearly  volumes  of  9  numbers.  Numbers  1  and  2  of  each  volume  are 
generally  published  in  the  closing  part  of  the  preceding  year.  . 

Annalen  der  Physik  und  Chemie :  long  known  as  Poggendorff's  Annalen  (Pogg.  Ann.} ; 
since  1877  published  by  G.  Wiedemann,  and  hence  called  Wiedemann's  Annalen  ( Wied. 
Ann.}.  Three  volumes  annually;  vols.  i.,  ii.,  1877;  iii.,  iv.,  v.,  1878,  etc. 

Neues  Jahrbuch  fur  Mineralogie,  Geologie  und  Palaeontologie,  etc.  (</.  Min.}.  Since  1880 
(strictlv  Oct.,  1879),  edited  by  E.  W.  Benecke,  C.  Klein,  and  H.  Rosenbusch;  and  pub- 
lished m  two  volumes  yearly.  Vol.  1880,  i.,  ii.  ;  1881,  i.,  ii.  Also  Beilage-Band  i.,  Heft 
I.,  1880,  II.,  1881,  III.,  1882.  In  the  regular  volumes  the  original  memoirs  and  the 
abstracts  of  papers  (Refer ate,  ref.)  are  separately  paged.  An  Index  to  the  Jahrbuch  for 
1870-79  was  issued  in  1880. 


V.— MEMOIRS  ON  THE  "OPTICAL  ANOMALIES"  OF  SOME  CRYSTALLIZED 

MINERALS. 

The  question  as  to  the  true  explanation  of  the  "optical  anomalies  "  presented  by  many 
crystallized  minerals  has  been  widely  discussed  in  the  past  few  years.  That  the  crystals  of 
many  species  exhibit  in  polarized  light  optical  phenomena,  not  in  harmony  with  their 
apparent  geometrical  form,  has  long  been  recognized ;  and  the  explanations  which  have 
been  offered  in  earlier  years  are  well  understood :  that  is,  the  theory  of  lamellar  polarization 
of  Biot,  of  internal  tension  of  ReuscJi,  of  disturbed  molecular  structure  of  Marbach,  and 
so  on.  The  recent  discussion  of  this  subject  has  taken  a  wide  range,  and  many  new 
facts  have  been  recorded.  Attention  has  been  especially  directed  to  it  by  the  classical 
memoir  of  Mallard,  the  importance  of  which  cannot  be  overestimated,  even  if  his  conclu- 
sions are  not  always  accepted  (for  title  see  below).  According  to  Mallard's  view,  as  far  as 


BIBLIOGRAPHY.  ]X 

it  can  be  explained  in  a  word,  these  optical  anomalies  are  explained  on  the  assumption  that 
the  crystal  exhibiting  them  is  in  fact  made  up  of  separate  individuals  regularly  grouped,  which 
are  of  a  lower  grade  of  symmetry  than  that  which  the  complete  form  simulates.  Thus,  an 
apparent  isometric  cube  may  be  made  up  of  6  square  pyramids,  each  optically  uniaxial, 
placed  with  their  vertices  at  the  centre  of  the  solid,  and  their  bases  lorming  its  sides. 
Similarly  an  apparent  isometric  octahedron  may  be  made  up  of  eight  anisotrppic  triangular 
pyramids  grouped  in  an  analogous  manner;  and  so  on.  Mallard  thus  includes  under 
pseudo-isometric  species:  alum,  analcite,  boracite,  fluorite,  garnet,  and  senarmontite; 
among  the  pseudo-tetragonal  species:  cpophylite,  brookite,  mellite,  octahedrite,  rutile, 
vesuvianite,  zircon ;  among  pseudo-hexagonal  species :  apatite,  beryl,  corundum,  penninite, 
ripidolite,  tourmaline \pseudo-orthorhombic species:  harmotome,  topaz \pseudo-monoclinic, 
orthoclase  (microcline).  Many  additional  facts  to  which  the  hypothesis  of  Mallard  is  appli- 
cable have  been  published  by  Bertrand  (see  below,  and  under  the  various  species  in  the 
body  of  this  work),  who  has  also  devised  an  arrangement  of  the  microscope  by  means  of 
which,  with  a  high  magnifying  power,  optical  investigations  rray  be  made  in  many  cases 
where  it  was  before  impossible.  Grattarola  includes  calcite,  quartz,  nephelite,  barite,  etc. 
in  the  list  of  species  which  have  an  apparent  symmetry  higher  than  that  which  really 
belongs  to  them ;  his  conclusions,  however,  are  not  based  upon  observations. 

In  many  other  cases  observers  have,  on  the  basis  of  variation  in  angles,  or  of  optical  char- 
acters, reached  the  conclusion  that  the  species  in  question  really  belongs  to  a  system  of 
lower  symmetry  than  that  to  which  it  has  been  ordinarily  referred.  These  cases  are 
recorded  in  Appendixes  II.  and  III.  These  last  named  observations,  however,  do  not  in 
most  cases  admit  of  being  explained  on  the  hypothesis  of  Mallard.  In  many  of  them  the 
conclusions  reached  are  beyond  doubt  correct,  in  others  the  question  must  be  regarded  as 
still  undecided. 

Tschermak  proposes  the  term  mimetic  for  those  forms  ("  mimetische  Formen  "),  which 
imitate  a  higher  grade  of  symmetry  by  the  grouping  (twinning)  of  individuals  of  a  lower 
grade  of  symmetry,  as  for  example,  aragonite. 

Mallard's  hypothesis  has  been  opposed  by  various  investigators  on  the  ground  that  it  does 
not  explain  many  observed  facts  and  is  decidedly  at  variance  with  others.  The  observa- 
tions of  Klocke,  Jannettaz,  Klein,  Ben  Saudc,  are  especially  to  be  mentioned.  A  few  of 
the  facts  bearing  upon  the  question  are  given  under  boracite  (p.  17)  and  analcite  (p.  5). 
Klocke  shows  that  the  same  crystal  of  alum  may  contain  truly  isotropic  (normal)  and  aniso- 
tropic  (abnormal)  portions ;  also  that  the  so-called  distortion  of  the  crystals  and  their  posi- 
tion during  their  formation  influences  the  optical  phenomena  observed.  He  shows,  also, 
that  preparations  of  gelatine,  hardened  under  tension,  show  all  the  optical  phenomena  of 
the  crystals  under  discussion.  This  subject  cannot  be  elaborated  here ;  it  is  enough  to  say 
that  the  observations  of  the  mineralogists  mentioned,  as  also  of  others,  seem  to  confirm 
the  view  of  Reusch,  that  at  least  in  many  cases  (e.  g.  analcite,  garnet,  vesuvianite,  etc.)  the 
"optical  anomalies  "  are  to  be  explained  as  due  to  the  state  of  molecular  tension  existing 
within  the  crystal.  The  investigation  of  this  subject  cannot,  however,  be  regarded  as 
entirely  completed.  A  good  general  review  of  this  subject  is  given  by  Zirkel  in  the  llth 
edition  of  Naumann's  Mineralogy,  pp.  152  et  seq.,  also  p.  722,  1881.  The  following  are 
titles  of  important  papers  bearing  upon  this  subject. 

ARZRUNI  u.  KOCH,  S.     Ueber  den  Analcim,  Z.  Kryst.  v.,  488,  1881. 

BAUMHAUER.     Ueber  den  Perowskit,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv  ,  187, 1879. 

BECKE.  Uber  die  Zwillingsbildung  und  die  optischen  Eigenschaften  des  Chabasit, 
Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  ii.,  391,  1879. 

BEN  SAUDE.     Ueber  den  Analcim,  J.  Min.,  1882.  i.,  41. 

BERTRAND.  Sur  les  differences  entre  les  proprietes  optiques  des  corps  cristallis  ees  bire- 
fringents,  et  celles  quo  peuvent  presenter  les  corps  monorefringents  apres  qu'ils  ont  ete 
modifies  par  des  retraits,  compressions,  dilatations,  ou  toute  autre  cause.  Bull.  Soc. 
Min.,  v.,  3,  1882. 

See  also  numerous  earlier  papers  in  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  22,  96,  1878;  iii.,  58,  93,  159. 
171,  1880;  iv.,  8,  31,  01,  87,  237,  255,  1881. 

BIOT.      Recherches   sur  la   polarisation    lamellaire,    etc.,  C.  R.,    xii.,  967;   xiii.,  155, 

BUCKING.  Ueber  durch  Druck  hervorgerufene  optische  Anomalien,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxxii., 
1J9.  1880. 

GRATTAROLA,  G.  Dell'  Unita  cristallonomica  in  Mineralogia.  Florence,  1877  (Rivista 
Scientifico-industriale). 

HIRSCHWALD.    Zur  Kritik  des  Leucitsystems,  Min.  Mitth.,  1875,  227. 

JANNETTAZ.  Sur  les  colorations  du  diamant  dans  la  lumiere  polarisee,  Bull.  Soc.  Min. 
n.,  124,  1879;  Note  sur  les  phenomenes  optiques  de  1'alun  comprime,  ib.,  p.  191;  iii.,  20. 


X  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

KLEIN.     Ueber  den  Boracit,  J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  209;  1881,  i.,  239. 

KLOCKB.  Ueber  Doppelbrechung  regularer  Krystalle,  J.  Min.,  1880,  i.,  53  (see  also  ii , 
97,  13  ref. ;  1881,  i.,  204,  and  Verb.  nat.  Ges.  Freiburg,  viii.,  31). 

Ueber  einige  optische  Eigenschaften  optisch  anomaler  Krystalle  und  deren  Naehahmung 
durch  gespannte  und  gepresste  Colloide,  J.  Min.,  1881,  ii.,  249. 

MALLARD.  Explication  des  Phenomenes  optiques  anomaux  que  presentent  un  grand 
nombre  de  substances  cristallisees,  Annales  des  Mines  (Ann.  Min.),  VII.,  x.,  pp.  60-196, 
1876  (Abstract  in  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  309-320).  See  also  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  107,  1878. 

Sur  les  proprietes  optiques  des  melanges  de  substances  isomorphes  et  sur  les 

anomalies  optiques  des  cristaux,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iii.,  3,  1880. 

MARBACH.  Ueber  die  optischen  Eigenschaften  einiger  Krystalle  des  tesseralen  Systems, 
Pogg.  Ann.,  xciv.,  412,  1855. 

PFAFF.  Versuche  liber  den  Einfluss  des  Drucks  auf  die  optischen  Eigenschaften  Krys- 
talle, Pogg.  Ann.,  cvii.,  333;  cviii.,  578,  1859. 

REUSCH,  v.  Ueber  die  sogenannte  Lamellarpolarization  des  Alauns,  Pogg.  Ann.,  cxxxii., 
618,  1867. 

RUMPF.     Ueber  den  Krystallbau  des  Apophyllits,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  ii.,  369,  1879. 

TSCHERMAK.  "  Mimetische  Formen,"  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxxi.,  637,  1879,  and  Lehrb.  Min., 
p.  89  et  seq.,  1881. 


CLASSIFIED   LIST   OF  NEW  NAMES. 

Sulphides,  Arsenides,  TeUurides,  etc.,  Min.,  pp.  26-84. 


Coloradoite  . 
Daubreelite . 


34 

Frieseite  (near  sternbergite) 115 


29  I  Krennerite  (Bunsenin). 


Polydymite 

Stiitzitc. 


PAGE 
66 

1)5 
117 


Animikite,  p.  71;  Argyropyrite  (var.  sternbergite),  p.  115;  Arsenargentite,  p.  9; 
-ythrozincite  (var.  wurtzite?),  p.  43;  Huntilite,  p.  71;  Lautite,  p.  67;  Leyiglianite,  p.  86; 
•mmarugaite  (=  gersdorffite),  p.  51;  Telaspyrine,  p.  119.  Bordosite,  p.  4. 


gersdorffite),  p.  51;  Telaspyrine,  p. 
Sulpharsenites,  Sulphantimonites,  Sulphobismuthites,  etc.,  Min.,  pp.  85-109. 


Alaskaite  (Silberwismuthglanz) . 
Beegerite 


PAGE  PAGE 

3  I  Galenobismutite 49 

13  |  Guejarite 54 


Bjelkite  (=  cosalite),  p.  31;  Coppite,  p.  120;  Durfeldtite,  p.  40;  Fredricite  (var.  tennan- 
tite),  p.  119;  Frigidite  (var.  tetrahedite),  p.  120;  Malinofskite  (var.  tetrahedite),  p.  120; 
Plumbostannite,  p.  95. 

Chlorides,  Bromides,  Iodides,  and  Fluorides,  Min.,  pp.  111-130. 


Chloromagnesite  (Bischofite) . 

Daubreite 

Huantajaite  (near  halite) 


PAGE 

25 
35 
55 


PAGE 

lodobromite 63 

Tysonite 126 


Ateline,  p.  120 ;  Chloralluminite,  p.  25 ;  Cryptohalite,  p.  32 ;  Douglasite,  p.  43 ;  Erio- 
chalcite,  p.  43;  Hydrofluorite,  p.  61;  Lawreneite,  p.  67;  Melanothallite,  p.  75;  Nocerite, 
p.  85;  Proidonite,  p.  97;  Pseudocotunnite,  p.  97;  Pyroconite  (=  pachnolite),  p.  88. 


Chaicophanite 
Cleveite. . 


Oxides,  Min.,  pp.  133-201. 

PAGE 


Manganosite . 


PAGE 

73 


Blackmorite  (—  opal),  p.  16;  Calvonigrite  (=  pyrolusite),  p.  98;  Cotterite  (—  quartz), 
p.  101;  Eisenbrucite,  p.  19;  Hetasrolite,  Hetairite,  p.  58;  Heubachite,  p.  58;  Hydrofrank- 
linite,  p.  61;  Hydroilmenite  (alt.  menaccanite),  p.  76;  Hydrotitanite  (alt.  perofskite), 
p.  91;  Igelstroniite  (=  pyroaurite),  p.  99;  Iserite  (=  rutile  ?),  p.  105;  Lepidophaeite 
(=  wad),  p.  130;  Passyite  (—  quartz),  p.  101;  Pseudobrookite  (=  brookite  ?)  p.  97; 
Stibianite,  p.  116;  Yttrogummite,  p.  28. 


Anhydrous  Silicates,  Min.,  pp.  208-393. 


Barylite  

12 

Clinohumite  

26 

Cossyrite     .    .  . 

31 

Dumortierite  ... 

39 

Eucrvptite  

...  44,  113 

Friedelite  

48 

Ganomalite  

40 

77  I  Haughtonite  (var.  biotite) 


Homilite 

Hyalotekite 60 

Kentrolite 65 

Melanotekite 75 

Microcline §0 

Peckhamite. 


Siderophyllite  (var.  biotite) 80 


Xll 


CLASSIFIED   LIST   OF   NEW   NAMES. 


cophane),  p.  52;  Giufite  (=  milarite),  p.  81;  Hexagonite  (=  amphibole),  p.  5;  Hiddenite 
~  spodumene),  p.  112;  Keatingine  (=  rhodonite),  p.  104;  Manganidocrase  (var.  vesuvia- 
nite),  p.  129;  Marmairolite,  p.  74;  Neochrysolite  (=  chrysolite),  p.  27;  Neocyanite,  p.  84; 
Ontariolite  (=  scapolite),  p.  106;  Paroligoclase,  p.  89;  Phengite  (var.  muscovite),  p.  78; 
Rosterite  (=  beryl),  p.  14;  Szaboite,  p.  118;  Titanolioine  (var.  chrysolite),  p.  27;  Titano- 
morphite,  p.  122;  Uranothorite  (near  thorite),  p.  122;  Xantholite  (staurolite),  p.  114. 


Hydrous  Silicates,  Min.,  p.  396-512. 


Bravaisite. . 
Davreuxite 
Diabantite. 


Freyalite  (near  thorite) . 
lloscoelite  . . 


PAGE 

48 
104 


Abriachanite,  p.   1;  Aglaite,  p.  113;  Amesite  (=  corundophilite),  p.  31;  Arctolite,  p.  8; 
Balvraidite,    p.  11;   Bhreckite,  p.  15;  Bowlingite,   p.   17;  Duporthite,  p.  39;  Elroquite, 


p.  115;  Steeleite,  p.  83;  Subdelessite,  p.  36;  Tobermorite,  p.  123;  Totaigite,  p.  109; 
Vasite  (=  orthite),  p.  87;  Venasquite  (=  ottrelite),  p.  87;  vreckite,  p.  15;  Walkerite 
(=  pectolite),  p.  89;  Waluewite  (=  xanthophyllite),  p.  132. 


Tantalates,  Columbates,  pp.  512-526. 


Annerodite . . . 
Blomstrandite. 
Dysanalyte  . . . 


PAGE 

7 

16 
40 


PAGE 

61 


Hatch  ettolite 

Sipylite  ............................       150 


Haddamite  (—  microlite),   p.  81;  Hermannolite  (=  columbite),  p.  30;  Mangantantalite 
-.o.  r. :^    p_  104.  Vietinghoflte  (var.  samarskite),  p.  106. 


Haddamite  (=  microlite),   p.  81 ;  Hermannolite  (=  coin 
(var.  tantalite),  p.  118;  Rogersite,  p.  104;  Vietinghoflte  (vt 


Phosphates,  Arsenates,  Vanadates,  Min.,  pp.  528-591. 


Caryinite  (Karyinite) 20 

Dickinsonite 37 

Eleonorite  (=  beraunite?) 13 

Eosphorite  (near  childrenite) 24 

Fairfieldite 45 

Fillowite 47 

Hannayite 55 

Henwoodite 57 

Lithiophilite  (var.  triphylite) 70 

Ludlamite. . .  70 


PAGE 

Mixite 82 

Mottramite 83 

Newberyite 84 

Phosphuranylite 92 

Psittacinite 98 

Reddingite 102 

Strengite 116 

Triploidite 125 

Tritochorite  (near  eusynchite) 44 

Uranocircite. . .                                          .  127 


Achrematite,  p.  1  ;  Baryturanite  (—  uranocircite),  p.  127;  Brackebuschite,  p.  36;  Chloro- 
tile,  p.  26  ;  Destinezite,  p.  36  ;  Jogynaite,  p.  108  ;  Leucochalcite,  p.  69  ;  Leucomanga- 
nite,  p.  69  ;  Liskeardite,  p.  70  ;  Manganapatite  (var.  apatite),  p.  8  ;  Picite,  p.  93  ; 
Pyrophosphorite,  p.  100  ;  Rhabdophane  (Rabdophane),  p.  103  ;  Spodiosite,  p.  112. 


Antimoniates,  Nitrates,  Min.,  pp.  591-593. 

PAGE 


PAGE 

85 


Atopite 10  |  Nitrobarite 

Arequipite,  p.  9  ;  Barcenite,  p.  11  ;  Coronguite,  p.  30. 

Borates,  Min.,  pp.  594-600. 
Franklandite  (near  ulexite),  p.  48  ;  Pandermite  (near  priceite),  p.  97  ;  Tincalconite,  p.  122. 


CLASSIFIED   LIST   OF   NEW   NAMES.  xjjj 

Tungstates,  MolyMatcs,  Chromates,  Telluratcs,  Min.,  pp.  601-608;  628-632,  etc. 

PAGE 

Reinitc 102 

Chromowulfenite,  p.  132  ;  Ferrotellurite,  p.  46  ;  magnolite,  p.  72  ;  Tarapacaite,  p.  119. 


Sulphates,  Min.,  pp.  614  668. 


PAGE 
98 


Clinophapite 

Dietrichite 38 

Herrengrundite  (Urvolgyite) 57 

Ihleite. . .  62 


PAGE 


Phillipite 92 

Plagiocitrite 94 

Scrpierite 109 

Szmikite .118 


Ilesite  ...............................     62    Wattevillite  .........................  131 

Kronnkite  ...........................     66    Zincaluminite  .......................  133 

Mallardite  ...........................     72 

Clinocroeite,  p.  28  ;  Cyprusite,  p.  33  ;  Krugite  (near  polyhalite),  p.  96  ;  Luckito  (var. 
melanterite),  p.  76  ;  Picroallumogene,  p.  93  ;  Reichardtite  (=  epsoraite),  p.  42  ;  Siderona- 
trite,  p.  109  ;  Sonomaite  (var.  pickingcrite,  p.  93  ;  Urusite,  p.  109  ;  Wertheinanite  (near 
aluminite),  p.  131. 


Selenites,  Arsenites. 


Chalcomenite 23 

Ekdemite. .  41 


Trippkeite 125 


Carbonates,  pp.  669-718. 

I' AGE  |  PAGE 

Bismutosphaerite 15  j  Sphaerocobaltite Ill 

Hibbcrtite,  p.  58  ;  Hydrocerussite,  p.  61  ;  Manganosidcrite  (var.  rhodochrosite),  p.  103  ; 
Parankerite  (var.  ankerite),  p.  6  ;  Thinolite,  p.  51  ;  Waltherite,  p.  16. 

Oxalates,  Min.,  pp.  718,  719. 
Oxammite,  Guanipite,  p.  88. 


Hydrocarbon  Compounds,  Min.,  pp.  723-760. 


Hydrocarbon  Compounds,  Mm.,  pp.  723-760. 

Ajkite,  p.  3  ;  Bernardinito,  p.  13  ;  Celestialite,  p.  21  ;  Duxite,  p.  40  ;  Gedanite,  p.  51  ; 
Ilofmannito,  p.  59  ;  Ilimrinite,  p.  60  ;  Tonite,  p.  63  ;  KMachite,  p.  64  ;  Muckite,  p.  83  ; 
Neudorfite,  p.  84  ;  Phytocollitc,  p.  38  ;  Posepnyte,  p.  96  ;  Schraufite,  p.  107. 

Aerinite,  p.  2  ;  Arrhenite, 
25  ;  Cuprocalcite,  p.  82  ;   E 


j>.  vv  ,  i-iuinoomanganiLe,  p.  yo  ;  rtanaiie,  p.  iua  ;  oarawaKite,  p.  iuo  ; 
107  ;  Semseyite,  p.  108  ;  Siderazot,  p.  109  ;  Silaonite,  p.  53  ;  Sulfurk 
allophane,  p.  3;  Taznite,  p.  119  ;  Thaumasite,  p.  120  ;  Tyreeite,  p.  12( 
128;  Venerite,  p.  129;  Vesbine,  p.  129;  Youngite,  p.  132;  Zircarbite,  p. 


133. 


APPENDIX    III. 


Abriachanite.  Heddle,  Min.  Mag.,  iii.,  61,  193,  1879.  Aitken,  ib.  p.  69.  "An  appar- 
ently new  mineral,"  Jolly  and  Cameron,  Q.  J.  Gr.  Soc.,  xxxvi.,  109,  1880. 

Amorphous,  clay-like  ;  sometimes  showing  a  distinct  fibrous  structure  ;  also  pulveru- 
lent. Color  bright  ultramarine  blue.  Gr.  =  3*326  Heddle  ;  2'01  J.  and  C.  Analyses  : 
1,  Heddle,  fragments  from  Dochfour ;  2,  Heddle,  similar  material  crushed  and  then  washed 
by  decantation  ;  3,  mean  of  several  analyses  from  different  localities,  Jolly  and  Cameron. 

Si02  A1203  Fe203  FeO  MnO  MgO  CaO  Na20  K20  H00 

1.       51-15  ....  14-92      9-80  030  1080  1-12  6'52  (V63  4-77*    S  tr.     =100-01. 

2        52-40     9-34  15-17  0-40  10-50  1-17  7*11  0'61  1*00                  =100*67. 

3.       55-02  3-37  19'03      3'83  ....  12-95  2-53  1-74  1'45  Pa050 "33  =  100'25. 

*  Loss  0-95  at  100°  U. 

B.  B.  infusible,  but  loses  color.  Occurs  abundantly  in  seams  and  cavities  of  the  gneiss 
and  granite  of  the  Abriachan  district,  near  Loch  Ness,  in  Inverness-shire,  Scotland. 

[The  material  examined  by  Heddle,  and  that  analyzed  by  Jolly  and  Cameron,  was  de- 
rived, at  least  in  part,  from  the  same  source,  and  was  similar  in  appearance;  although  in 
specific  gravity  there  is  a  wide  discrepancy,  and  the  analyses  do  not  entirely  agree,  especially 
as  regards  the  alkalies.  Heddle's  analysis  is  near  crocidolite  (compare  anal.  3,  Min.,  p. 
243).  The  facts  at  least  prove  the  correctness  of  the  opinion  expressed  by  Jolly  and  Cam- 
eron, that,  until  a  more  complete  examination  can  be  made  on  purer  material,  the  sub- 
stance does  not  deserve  a  new  name.] 

ACANTHITE,  Min.,  p.  51;  App.  II.,  p.  1. — Groth  has  described  crystals  from  Annaberg, 
which  are  orthorhombic  with  marked  monoclinic  symmetry,  Min.-Saininl.,  Strassburg, 
p.  51,  1878. 

Achrematite.  J.  W.  Mallet,  J.  Chem.  Soc.,  II.,  xiii.,  1141,  1875. 

Massive,  crypto-crystalline.  Tetragonal  or  hexagonal  (?).  H.  =  3-4.  Gr.  =  5*965,  in 
powder,  6'178.  Color  pale  sulphur-yellow  to  orange  and  red,  in  the  mass  liver  brown,  from 
admixed  limonitc.  Streak  pale  cinnamon  brown.  Lustre  resinous  to  adamantine.  Trans- 
lucent on  thin  edges.  Fracture  uneven  to  subconchoidal.  Brittle.  Analyses  : 

Asa05  P205  Mo(X  PbO  Pb(forCl)  Cl  Fe.203  H2O  F,Cu,Ag 

1.  15*90  002  4*58  60*35        5  -51  1-89  9*93  1*63          tr.      =  99-81. 

2.  16.25  0-03  4-40  62*32        5-48  1'88  8 -53  1'38         tr.       =  100*27.' 

3.  15-75  0-02  4-19  56*77        5-48  1*88  13'08  2'27         tr.      .=  99'44. 

The.  iron  and  water  are  present  in  the  amount  required  for  lirnonite.  the  presence  of 
which  is  suggested  by  microscopic  examination  ;  this  lirnonite  is  deducted,  viz.,  11 '56  p.  c. 
for  (1),  9-91  for  (2),  and  15*35  for  (3)  ;  then  calculating  to  100,  the  results  are  : 

As203  MoOs  PbO  Pb(forCl)  Cl 

1.  18-02  5*19  68-40  6-25  2-14  =  100. 

2.  17-99  4-87  68'99  6'07  2-08  =  100. 

3.  18-73  4-98  67'53             6-52  2-24  =  100. 
Mean         18-25  5'01  63'31             6*28  2-15  =  100. 

The  formula  calculated  is  3  [3Pb3As208  +  PbCl2]  +  4  [Pb2MoO.].  [That  the  mineral  is 
homogeneous,  and  not  a  mixture  of  an  arsenate  and  molybdate  0f  lead,  is  considered  by 
the  author  as  sufficiently  proved  ;  but  the  composition  proposed  is  certainly  not  a  prob- 
able one].  B.  B.,  decrepitates  slightly,  turns  dark  brick-red,  and  fuses  easily  to  a  nearly 

1 


2  APPENDIX   III. 

black  globule,  which  shows  indistinct  crystalline  facets  on  cooling.  On  charcoal  yields 
arsenical  odors,  a  lead  coating,  and  finally  globules  of  Idad.  With  the  fluxes,  reacts  for 
iron,  which,  however,  is  only  present  as  an  impurity. 

From  the  mines  of  Guanaceiv,  Chihuahua,  Mexico.  Named  from  a^/o^/mroS,  useless, 
in  .allusion  to  the  fact  that  it  was  received  as  a  silver  ore,  while,  in  fact,  of  no  intrinsic 
value. 

ACHTARAGDITE.  —  Min.,  p.  478;  App.  II.,  p.  1. 

ACMITE,  Min.,  p.  224;  App.  II.,  p.  1.  —Anal,  and  discussion  of  composition,  Norway, 
Dolter,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  i.,  879,  1878. 

Probable  occurrence  at  Ditro,  Transylvania,  Becke,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  i.,  554,  1878. 

ADAMITE,  Min.,  p.  565.'  —  From  the  ancient  mines  recently  reopened  at  Laurium,  Greece. 
—  Occurrence  announced,  Klien,  J.  Min.,  1878,  53  ;  cryst.  and  optical  description,  DCS 
Cloizeaux,  C.  li.,  Ixxxvi.,  88,  Jan.,  1878  ;  cryst.  description,  Laspeyres,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  147, 
Feb.,  1878  ;  Des  Cloizeaux,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  30,  May,  1878. 

Occurs  in  small  crystals,  colorless  to  deep  emerald  green,  implanted  on  smithsonite;  also 
in  radiated  mammillary  groups.  The  forms,  as  shown  independently  by  Des  Cloizeaux  and 
Laspeyres,  are  closely  similar  to  those  of  the  original  mineral  from  Chili,  as  also  of  that 
from  Cape  Garonne  (App.  II.,  p.  1).  Laspeyres  finds  that,  with  identical  prismatic  angles, 
the  vertical  axes  in  the  colorless  and  deep  green  crystals  differ,  as  20  :  19  respectively  ;  the 
habit  is  also  different.  An  analysis  of  the  green  mammillary  variety  gave  Friedel  (Bull. 
Soc.  Min.,  i.,  31)  As2O5  40-17,  ZnO  55'97,  CuO  0-64,  FeO  0-18,  H20  4:01  =100-97. 


JEGIRITE,  Min.,  p.  223;  App.  II.,  p.  1.—  Anal.,  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas,  J.  L.  Smith,  Am. 
J.  Sc.,  III.,  x.,  60,  1875.  Analysis  and  discussion  of  composition,  Dolter,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth., 
i.,  374,  1878. 

Aerinite.  v.  Lasaulx,3.  Min.,  1876,  352;  Des  Cloizeaux,  ib.,  1877,  60  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i., 
125,  1878).  A  compact,  earthy  mineral,  of  a  bright  blue  color,  from  the  Pyrenees.  H.  =  3-4, 
G.  =  3  '018.  Shown  by  Des  Cloizeaux  to  be  a  heterogeneous  mass,  consisting  of  a  blue 
paste,  inclosing  different  minerals,  perhaps  owing  its  blue  color  to  artificial  means. 
Analyses  :  1,  Lasaulx  (see  also  J.  Min.,  1877.  60)  ;  2,  id.,  part  (18-  28  p.  c.)  soluble  in  HC1 
(in  other  trials  29*17  p.  c.,  and  32'45  p.  c.,  went  into  solution)  ;  3,  Damour  ;  4,  id.,  insolu- 
ble portion  ;  5,  id.,  soluble  portion  ;  6,  total  of  4  and  5  ;  7  and  8,  Rammelsberg,  ZS.  G. 
Ges.,  xxviii.,  234,  1876. 

SiO2     A12O3  Mn2O3FeoO3    FeO'  MgO     CaO     K2O       H2O 

1.  48-53    7-55  1-17       32-78       0-90    3-59  ....     6-1G  =  100-67. 

2.  Sol.  11-85  20-86  2-83       52-37       0'41  11-57  .........  =    99-89. 

3.  45-3610-22  ........  13-67  .............     8'23 

4.  Insol.          31-57    3-58  ........     5-273-55    3'61  I'Ol  .....    TKX  0-41,VaOr  tr.  =  49. 

5.  Sol.  12-88    8-22  ........     7-43  2-31     6'55  0-30  12-74,  V0Or,P.,Or>  tr.  =  50-43. 

6.  44-45  11-80  ........  12-70  5-86  10-16  1-31  12-74.  Ti(XO  41,  V2Or,P00R  tr.= 

7.  G.^2-670  42-92  15-34  ....     7-12  3'16  2-45  15'80  ....  12-07=    99-06.  "  [99-43. 

8.  44-00  15-39  ....     8-88  3-16  2-44  13-88  ....  13-00  =  100-75. 

[It  seems  to  be  sufficiently  proved  that  the  substance  above  described  is  not  be  regarded 
as  a  mineral  species.] 

jERUGITE.—  App.  II.,  p.   1, 

JEscHYNiTE,  Min.,  p.  522.  —  Cryst.,  Hittero,  Norway,  Brogger,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  481,  1879. 
Miask,  an  analysis  has  afforded  Rammelsberg  (ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxix.,  815,  1877), 

Cb205  TiO,  ThO      (Ce,La,Di)a03   Y20,,Er,O,    Fe00,       CaO 

32-51  21-20  17-55  19-41  '  3'10  3-71        2'50     =     99'98. 

The  formula  deduced  from  this  is  [R2]  Cb2  (Ti,Th)8014,  or  [R2]  Cb20b  +  3(Ti,Th)  Oa. 
Aglaite.  —  See  Spodumene,  p.  112. 


APPENDIX   Til.  3 

AGRICOLITE. — App.  II.,  p.  1. 

Ajkite.    A  resin  near  amber,  Ajka,  Hungary  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  126,  1878). 

' '  s* 

ALABAXDITE,   Min,,   p.  46.— Anal.,  Morococha,  Peru,  Raimondi,  Min.   Perou,  p.   239, 

1878. 

Alaskaite.     G.  A.  Konig,  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  Philad.,  1881,  472,  or  Z.  Kryst.,  vi.,  42. 

Massive,  small  foliated,  with  occasional  cleavage  planes.  G.  =  6'878.  Lustre  metallic. 
Color  whitish  lead-gray.  Powder  bluish  gray.  Opaque.  Easily  friable  in  the  mortar. 
Analyses  :!;!*,  after  deducting  from  (1)  2 -28  p.  c.  chalcopyrite,  and  15  p.  e.  barite  ; 
2,  independent  variety. 

S  Bi  Sb            Pb  Ag  Cu  Fe  Zn  Insol. 

l(a)   15-83  46-87  0-51          9- 70'  710  3'64  0'70  0-64  1500  =  100-01. 

1*      17-63  56-97  0'62  11-79  8-74  3'46  ....  0-79       =100. 

2(|)   17-85  51-35  ....  1751  3-00  5'38  1-43  0-20  2'83  =    99'55. 

For  (I-')  the  ratio  of  R  :  Bi  :  S  =  1  :  2'02  :  4-14,  and  for  (2)  after  deducting  as  in  (1)  = 
1  :  1-89  :  3 '88,  or,  approximately  1:2:4,  corresponding  to  (119,R)  S  +  Bi2S3,  with  Ra  = 
Ag2,  Cu2,  and  R  =  1  b. 

B.  B.  in  closed  tube  decrepitates,  and  melts  without  giving  a  sublimate  ;  in  the  open 
tube  gives  fumes  of  SOa  and  a  slight  sublimate  of  Sb2O3.  On  charcoal  a  lead  coating,  and 
on  continued  blowing  that  for  silver  ;  also  with  potassium  iodide  and  sulphur,  a  strong 
reaction  for  bismuth.  After  roasting  reacts  for  copper  and  iron  with  the  fluxes.  Slowly 
attacked  by  cold  concentrated  I1C1,  rapidly  decomposed  by  the  hot  acid,  leaving  flocculent 
silver  chloride. 

Occurs  intimately  mixed  with  quartz,  barite,  chalcopyrite,  and  tetrahedrite,  at  the  Alaska 
mine,  Poughkeepsie  Gulch,  Colorado. 

Rammelsberg  (ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxix.,  80,  1877)  has  described  under  the  name  of  SILBERWIS- 
MUTHGLANZ,  a  mineral  which  is  the  bismuth  compound  corresponding  to  miargyritc,  and 
is  very  near  alaskaite. — Massive,  soft.  G.  =  6-92.  Color  gray.  Streak  light  gray.  Analy- 
sis (3)  after  deducting  admixed  galenite  :  S  17-24,  Bi  54'50,'Ag  28'26  =  100.  This  corre- 
sponds to  AgBiS2,  or  Ag^S  +  BiaS3,  requiring  S  17'0,  Bi  54'7>  Ag  28'3  =  100.  B.  B.  on 
charcoal  fuses  readily,  giving  a  coating  of  bismuth  oxide,  and  after  long  blowing  a  globule 
of  silver.  Soluble  in  HMOs  with  separation  of  sulphur.  Associated  with  tetrahedrite, 
galenite,  sphalerite  and  pyrite  at  the  Matilda  mine,  near  Morococha,  Peru.  [The  two 
minerals  above  described  are  essentially  identical,  and  as  the  name  of  Rammelsberg  can- 
not be  employed  outside  of  Germany,  that  of  Konig  may  be  accepted  to  oover  both.  The 
corresponding  mineral,  miargyrite,  has  also  some  varieties  which  contain  lead.] 

ALBITE,  Min.,  p.  348;  App.  II.,  p.  1. — Cryst.  Kuchelbad,  near  Prague,  Bohemia,  Vrba, 
Ber.  Bohm.  Ges.,  1879,  472,  and  Z.  Kryst,,  iv.,  360,  1880.  Switzerland,  vomRath,  Z.  Kryst., 
v.,  27;  Zoptau,  ibid.,  v.,  253,  1880.  Mt.  Cau.,  Pyrenees,  v.  Lasaulx,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  341, 
1881. 

Thermo-electrical  characters,  Hankel,  Wied.  Ann.,  i.,  283,  1877. 

Made  artificially,  identical  in  form  and  composition  with  natural  crystals,  Hautefeuille, 
C.  R.,  Ixxxiv.,  1301,  1877. 

Anal.  (2-3  p.  c.  KaO),  Guatemala,  v.  Lasaulx,  J.  Min.,  1875,  147. 

Pseudomorph  after  spodumene  (q.  v.,  p.  112). 

See  also  Feldspar  Group,  p.  45. 

ALLAXITE,  Min.,  p.  285;  App.  II.,  p.  2. — Analyses  of  alteration  products  produced  by 
weathering,  J.  R.  Santos,  Chem.  News,  xxxviii.,  95,  1878. 

ALLOPHAXE,  Min.,  p.  419;  App.  II.,  p.  2. — Anal..  Steinbriick,  Gamper,  Verh.  Geol. 
Reichs.,  1876,  354. 

Muck  describes  (Z.  Berg. -Sal. -Wesen.,  xxviii.,  192,  1880)  an  earthy,  white  to  pale  wine 
yellow,  or  greenish  yellow  substance,  from  the  clay  of  the  Schwelm  mine.  It  corresponds 
with  the  kieselalluminite  of  Kornwestheim  (Min.,  p.  420),  but  the  name  SULFATALLOPHAN 


4  APPENDIX  in. 

is  preferred,  as  it  behaves  like  allophane.    Soluble  in  HC1.    Analyses  :  1,  yellowish,  trans-- 
lucent ;  2,  white,  earthy;  3,  soft,  of  butter-like  consistency  ;  4,  kieselalluminite. 

Si02  AL03  S03  H20 

1.  14-84  38-55  7'98  38'63. 

2.  18-74  36-73  6-04  38'49. 

3.  21-83  40-07  10*54  2752. 

4.  13-06  42-59  5-04  39 -32. 

As  remarked  by  Muck,  these  substances  are  varying  mixtures  of  aluminum  silicate  and 
basic  aluminum  sulphate. 

ALLOPHITE. — App.  II.,  p.  2. 
Alshedite.— See  Titanite,  p.  122. 

ALTAITE,  Min.,  p.  44;  App.  II.,  p.  2.— From  Chili,  Domeyko,  C.  R.,  Ixxxi.,  632.  1875, 
.and  5th  App.  Min.  Chili,  p.  50,  1876. 

ALUM,  Min.,  p.  651. — Apparent  tetrahedrism  due  to  distortion,  Wulff,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  81, 
1880. 

Containing  Cs  and  Kb,  from  Vulcano,  Cossa,  Accad.  Line.  Trans.,  III.,  ii.,  34,  1878. 
Action  of  solvents  upon,  etc.,  Klocke,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  126,  293,  553  ;  iv.,  76.  See  also  L. 
de  Boisbaiidran,  C.  R.,  Ixxx.,  888,  1007,  1450,  1875.  Uzielli,  Accad.  Line.  Trans.,  III., 
i.,  March  18,  1877. 

ALUMINITE,,  Min.,  p.  658  ;  App.  II.,  p.  2.— Anal..  Muhlhausen,  near  Kralup,  Raffelt, 
Jahrb.  Geol.  Reichs,  1878,  360. 
See  also  Werthemanite,  p.  131. 

ALUNITE,  Min.,  p.  658.— Anal.,  Breuil,  Auvergne,  v.  Lasaulx,  J.  Min.,  1875,  142.  In 
large  deposits  at  Madriat,  d'Issoire,  France,  analyses,  Rev.  Geol.,  Delesse  and  Lapparent, 
xiii.,  38,  1877. 

ALUNOGEN,  Min.,  p.  649;  App.  II.,  p.  2.— AnalM  Cerros  Pintados,  Tarapaca,  Peru,  Rai- 
mondi,  Min.,  Perou,  243,  1878.  Celebes,  East  Indies,  Frenzel,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  iii.,  295, 
1880.  Scotia  mine,  Cumberland  Co.,  N.  S.,  F.  D.  Adams,  Geol.,  Canada,  1879-80. 
Sierra  del  Atajo,  and  Cerro  deFamatina,  Argentine'Republic,  Brackebusch,  Min.  Argentin., 
76,  1879.  Wallerawang,  New  South  Wales,  Liversidge,  Proc.  R.  See.,  N.  S.  W.,  Nov.  3, 

ALVTTE,  Min.,  p.  511. — According  to  a  suggestion  of  W.  C.Brogger  (Geol.  For.  Forh., 
v.,  352,  1881),  alvite  is  to  be  regarded  as  simply  zircon  and  xenotinie,  compounded  as  de- 
scribed by  Zschau  (Min.,  p.  529).  Crystals  from  Annerod,  near  Moss,  Norway,  gave  him 
36-58  Si02  and  18*84  P»UB,  supporting  this  view.  [This  may  be  true  of  some  so-called 
alvite,  but  can  hardly  apply  to  the  mineral  originally  analyzed  by  Forbes.] 

AMALGAM,  Min.,  p.  13;  App.  II.,  p.  2.— Domeyko  (3d  Ed.  Min.,  Chili,  p.  358,  1879)  de- 
scribes several  varieties  of  silver  amalgam  from  Chili.  One  of  these  from  the  mines  of 
Arqueros,  Coquimbo,  Chili,  has  Ag  94-4,  Hg  5-6,  and  corresponds  to  kongsbergite  (App.  II., 
p.  32).  Another  has  Ag  69-21,  Hg  30-76,  and  is  called  bordosite  (but  see  App.  II..  p.  8) 
from  the  locality,  the  mines  of  Bordos.  Various  intermediate  compounds  are  men- 
tioned. 

An  amalgam  from  Vitalle  Creek,  British  Columbia,  lat.  53°  N.,  afforded  :  Ag  86-15,  Hg 
11-90,  Si02  0-45  =  98'50  (Hanks,  priv.  contrib.);  it  hence  corresponds  with  arquerite  (Min., 
p.  14).  An  amalgam  from  the  Sala  mine,  Sweden,  gave  Nordstrdm :  Ag  46-30,  Hg  51-12, 
Fe  0-81,  Zn,  Pb,  tr.,  CaC03  0'21,  insol.,  1-Q1  =  99-45,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  v.,  715,  1881. 


APPENDIX  HI.  0 

AMBLYGONITE,  Min.,  p.  545.— Analyses  by  Penfield,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xviii.,  295,  1879. 

PfO:>  A10O3  Lv,O  NnaO  H,O     F 
1.  Penig,  (|)  48-24  33'55  8'97   2'04  1  75  11-26  Mn2O3  0.13  =  105 "94,  deduct  4-74  O  ( =  F)  =  101-20. 

2  Montebras,  A.  (|)    47'09  33'22  7'92  3'48  2'27    9'93  CaO  0'24  =  104-15,  deduct  402  O  =  100'13. 

G.  3.088 

3  Auburn,  Me.  (I)      48'48  33'78  9'46   0  99  3'57    6'20  =  102-48,  deduct  2'61  O  =  99'87. 

G.  =  3-059 

4  Hebron,  Me.,  A.      [48'53]  34'12  9'54   0'34  4'44    5'24. 

5'  Paris,  Me.  (!)  48'31  33  68  9'82  0"34  4'89  4'82  K2O  0'03  =  101-89,  deduct  2'03  O  =  99'8G. 

G.  =  3-035 

6    Hebron,  Me.,B.  (1)47-44  33'90  9-24   0'66  5'05  5'45  =101 '74,  deduct  2'29  O  =  99'45. 

G.  =  3-032 

7.  Branchville,  Ct.  (|)  48'80  34'26  9'80  0'19  5'91  1'75  Fe2O3  0'29,  Mn2O3  0' 10=  101 -10,  deduct  0'74  O  =  100'36. 

G.  =  3-032 

8.  Montebras,  B.  (?)    48'34  33'55  9'52  0'33  6'61    1'75  CaO  0'35  =  100-45,  deduct  0'74  O  =  99'71. 

G.  3-007 

These  analyses  are  arranged  so  as  to  show  the  variation  in  the  relative  amounts  of  water 
and  fluorine.  For  all  of  them  the  author  shows  that  the  ratio  of  P  :  Al  :  R  :  (F,OH)  — 
1:1:1:1  nearly,  corresponding  to  the  formula  A12P2O8  +  2R  (F,OH).  The  conclusion 
reached  is  that  the  varieties  (see  hebronite  and  montebmsite  in  Appendixes  I.  and  II.)  differ 
only  in  the  extent  to  which  the  fluorine  is  isomorphously  replaced  by  hydroxyl  (HO).  See 
also  triploidite,  in  this  Appendix. 

Occurrence  at  Montebras,  with  analyses,  Thenard,  Monit.  Scientif.,  III.,  ix.,  1175 
(Jahresb.  Ch.,  1879,  1204). 

AMBLYSTEGITE. — App.  I.,  p.  1. 
AMBROSINE. — App.  I.,  p.  1. 
Amesite. — See  CorundopTiilite,  p.  31. 

AMPHIBOLE,  Min.,  p.  232;  App.  II.,  p.  2. — Oryst.  description,  v.  Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl., 
viii.,  159,  247,  1881. 

Practical  determination  by  optical  methods  in  thin  sections  of  rocks,  Jbtlguland  Levy, 
Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  xii.,  429,  1877;  Thoulet,  ib.,  xiv.,  Ill,  1878. 

Analyses  of  Scottish  varieties,  and  discussion  of  results  of  alteration,  Ileddle,  Trans. 
Soc.  Edinb.,  xxviii.,  502,  1878.  Amelia  Co.,  Va.,  Massie  ;  Amherst  Co.,  Va.,  Baker,  Ch. 
News,  xlii.,  194,  1880. 

A  variety  of  amphibole  containing  no  magnesia  is  called  BERQAMASKITE,  by  Lucchetti 
(Mem.  Ace.,  Bologna,  IV.,  ii.,  397,  1881;  Z.  Kryst.,  vi.,  199).  Occurs  in  a  quartzose  horn- 
blende-porphyry, from  Monte  Altino,  Province  of  Bergamo,  Italy.  Forms  acicular  crystals, 
vertically  striated,  and  arranged  in  parallel  or  radiated  groups  ;  cleavage  prismatic,  124\ 
G.  =  3-075.  Analysis  :  (*)  SiOQ  36-78,  ALO,  1513,  Fe2O3  14-46.  FeO  22-89,  CaO  5'14, 
MgO  0-93,  Na20  4;00,  K20  0-42,  loss  [0-25J,  MnO  tr.  =  100;  characterized  by  the  small 
amount  of  magnesia  present. 

A  manganesian  (1'37  p.  c.  MnO)  variety  from  Edwards,  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.',  was 
described  under  the  name  IIEXAGONITE,  as  "anew  hexagonal  bisilicate,"  by  Goldsmith 
(Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  Philad.,  1876,  160).  Its  true  character  was  shown  by  Koniq  (ib., 
p.  180). 

Berteh  (Verh.  Wiirzb.  Ges.,  II.,  viii.,  in  Jahresb.  Ch.,  1874,  1267)  has  given  the  name 
PHAACTINITE  to  an  alteration  product  of  amphibole,  forming  radiated  masses,  doubly  re- 
fracting. H.  =2.  G.  =  2-997-3-057.  Color  dirty  grayish  brown.  Analysis  after  deduct- 
ing a  little  magnetite  :  Si02  35-5,  A1203  16'9,  Fe.XX  25'4,  MnO  1-4,  MgO  5'3,  CaO  7'2,  H20 
8-1  =  99-8,  corresponding  approximately  to  E2  {\RJ2  Si401(,  +  3  aq.  From  the  rock  called 
by  the  same  author  isenite,  occurring  in  Nassau,  Germany.  [An  uncertain  decomposition 
product  hardly  deserves  a  distinct  name  ;  the  substance  is  not  very  far  from  delessite.] 

ANALCITE,  Min.,  p.  432;  App.  II.,  p.  2.— Cryst.,  Kerguelen  Is.,  ®.  Lasaulx,  Z.  Kryst., 
i.,  204,  1877.  Radauthal,  Ludecke,  Z.  gesammt.  Nat.,  III.,  iv.,  325,  1879. 

Anal.,  Montreal,  Canada,  Harrington,  Geol.  Canada,  1878.  Bohemia,  Preis  and  Vrba, 
Ber.  Bo'hm.  Ges.,  1879,  467. 


APPENDIX    III. 


Bamberger  shows  (Z.  Kryst.,  vi.,  32,  1881)  that  Bechi's  picranalcite  is  identical  vich 
ordinary  analcite,  containing  only  a  trace  of  magnesia. 

The  question  as  to  the  CRYSTALLINE  SYSTEM  oi'  analcite  has  been  recently  discussed,  as 
folloVs  :  Schrauf  (Anzeig.  Ak.  "SVien,  1876),  referred  crystals  from  Friedeck,  Bohemia,  to 
the  orthorhombic  system,  describing  them  as  complex  twins,  analogous  to  those  of  leucite 
described  by  vom  Hath.  Mallard  (Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  Ill,  1870)  describes  the  optical 
anomalies  of  the  species,  and  explains  them  by  assuming  that  a  crystal  is  formed  by  the 
interpenetration  of  three  pseudo-tetragonal  individuals,  each  one  of  which  is  formed  of 
two  orthorhombic  crystals,  with  nearly  equal  axes  ;  these  24  orthorhombic  crystals,  com- 
posing a  single  pseudo-isometric  crystal,  correspond  to  the  24  planes  of  a  tetrahexahedron. 
Lasaulx  (J.  Min.,  1878,  510)  describes  the  results  of  an  optical  examination  of  crystals  of 
picranalcite  from  Monte  Catini,  Tuscany,  and  concludes  (but  see  below)  that  they  can  be 
only  explained  by  the  assumption  that  a  crystal  is  made  up  of  12  triclinic  individuals 
interpenetrating  each  other,  analogous  to  the  compound  crystals  of  phillipsite  (q.  v.). 
Schulten  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iii.,  150,  1880)  has  obtained  trapezohedral  crystals  by  artificial 
means,  and  on  optical  grounds  claims  for  them  a  complex  structure,  analogous  to  that 
assumed  by  Mallard  (see  above);  with  him,  however,  the  crystals  are  rhombohedral. 
Crystals  obtained  later  by  a  different  method  were  isotropic  (ib.,  v.,  7,  1882.) 

On  the  other  hand,  later  investigations  by  v.  Lasaulx  (Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  380,  1881)  on  crystals 
from  the  Cyclopean  Is.,  have  led  him  to  the  conclusion  that  the  optical  phenomena  are  to 
be  explained  (as  formerly  accepted)  by  reference  to  the  varying  degrees  of  tension  existing 
in  the  interior  of  the  crystal.  Arzruni  and  Koch  (Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  483,  1881)  have  also,  after 
a  review  of  the  whole  subject,  and  an  extended  optical  examination  of  specimens,  espe- 
cially from  Kerguelen  Is.  and  the  Cyclopean  Islands,  concluded  that  analcite  is  to  be  referred 
to  the  isometric  system.  Finally,  the  whole  subject  has  been  exhaustively  reviewed  and 
further  investigated  by  Ben  Saude  (Inaug.  Diss.,  Stuttgart,  1881,  and  J.  Min.,  1882,  i., 
41).  He  describes  the  results  of  an  optical  examination  of  sections  of  many  crystals  cut 
parallel  to  the  cubic,  octahedral,  dodecahedral,  and  trapezohedral  (2-2)  planes,  and  shows 
that  they  do  not  correspond  with  Mallard's  hypothesis,  but  can  be  explained  on  the  sup- 
position of  internal  tension.  He  found,  further,  that  gelatine  cast  into  moulds  corre- 
sponding to  the  crystalline  forms  acquired  on  solidifying  similar  optical  characters. 


ANATASE.—  See  Octahedrite,  p.  85. 

ANDALUSITE,  Min.,  p.  371  ;  App.  II.,  p.  2.  —  Optical  examination,   Bertrand,  Bull.  Soc. 

in.,  i.,  94,  1878;  Berlin,  ibid.,  ii.,  54  etseq. 

Anal.,  San  Piero,  Elba,  Grattarola,  Boll.  Com.  Geol.,  1876,  328. 


ANDREWSITE,  App.  I.,  p.  1.  —  Locality  described,  Foster,  Trans.  Geol.  Soc.,  Cornwall,  ix., 

1875.  Description  and  anal.  (Flight),  M^skslyne,  J.  Chem.  Soc.,  July,  1875,  p.  58G. 

ANGLESITE,  Min.,  p.  622  ;  App.  II.,  p.  3.  —  Cryst.,  Erzberg,  v.  Zepharovich,  Lotos,  Dec., 
1874.  Hungary,  Krenner,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  321,  1877.  Sardinia  (list  of  planes,  etc.),  0. 
Sella,  Ace.  Line.  Trans.,  III.,  iii.,  150,  1879. 

Indices  of  refraction  as  affected  by  change  of  temperature,  Arzruni,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  182, 
1877. 

Recent  formation  at  Bourbonne-les-Bains,  Daubrec,  C.  R,  Ixxx.,  604,  1875.  Occurrence 
at  Vesuvius,  Scacchi,  Rend.  Ace.  Nap.,  Dec.,  1877. 

ANHYDRITE,  Min.,  p.  621;  App.  II.,  p.  3.—  Cryst.,  Berchtesgaden,  Bavaria,  etc.,  Groth, 
Min.-Samml.,  Strassburg,  141,  1878. 
Occurrence  at  Vesuvius,  Scacchi,  Att.  Ace.  Nap.,  vi.,  1873. 

Animikite.  —  See  Macfarlanite,  p.  71. 

ANKERITE.  Min.,  p.  685  ;  App.  II.,  p.  3.  —  Anal.,  Phenixville,  Penn.,  Koniq,  Proc.  Ac. 
Nat.  Sc.  Phil  ,  1877,  290. 

Boricky  has  examined  a  series  of  minerals  from  Bohemia,  related  to  ankerite,  and  dis- 
cusses the  relation  in  composition  between  them  and  other  similar  carbonates  (Min.  Mitth., 

1876,  47).     He  writes  the  general  formula  CaFeC20,,  +  x  (CaMgC2Oft),  for  all  the  related 
minerals,  where  x  may  have  one  of  the  values  .V,  1,  -£,  f,  £,  2,  3,  4,  5,  10;  those  varieties  in 
which  x  <  2  are  included  under  ankerite,  and  the  remainder  under  the  name  parankerite. 
For  normal  ankerite  he  takes  x  =  1,  and  for  normal  parankerite  x  =  2. 


APPENDIX   III.  7 

Annerodite,  W.  C.  Brogger,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  v.,  354,  1881. 

Orthorhombic  :  Axes— c:  6:  a  =  0-36103: 1.  :  0-40369.  Observed  planes  i-l,  i^l,  0,  /, 
&-§,  i-%,  2-*,  f  t,  l-£,  1,  2,  2-2,  2-2,  3-3.  /A  /  =  136D  2',  ^-3  A  i-3  =  1001  44',  2-<l  \  2-1  = 
58"  25'.  In  prismatic  crystals  of  varied  habit,  often  closely  resembling  colurnbite  ;  planes 
sometimes  developed  according  to  monoclinic  symmetry.  Angles  near  those  of  columbite 
(the  position  taken  is  that  of  Schrauf,  /=  i-$,  Min.,  p.  516),  and  also  not  far  from  those  of 
polycrase.  Twinning  plane  i-5.  Many  crystals  often  grouped  in  parallel  position,  thus 
forming  an  apparently  single  crystal  of  considerable  size. 

H.  =6.  G.  =  5 '7  of  anhydrous  crystals.  Lustre  metallic  to  greasy  submetallic.  Color 
black.  Streak  dark  blackish  brown  to  brownish  or  greenish  gray.  Opaque,  or  translucent 
in  very  thin  splinters.  Fracture  subconchoidal.  Brittle.  B.  B.,  fuses  on  the  edges  to  a 
black  glass.  Analysis  by  C.  W.  Blomstrand  : 

Cb2O5  SnO2  ZrO2  SiO2  ThO2  Ce0O3  Y2O3    UO    PbO    F«;O  MnO  CaO  MgO  K..O  NaaO  A12O3    H.,O 
48-13    016     1-97     2-51     2'37    2'56     7'10    16'28    2'40    3'38    0'20    3'35    0'15    0'16    0'32     0'28     8-19  =  99-51. 

Neglecting  the  silica,  the  formula  calculated  by  Blomstrand  is  R2Cb207  +  2.}  aq.,  winch 
makes  it  nearly  identical  with  samarskite,  and  also  to  the  less  certain  nohlite  (App.  II., 
p.  41),  except  in  the  water;  Brogger,  however,  shows  that  the  water  is  not  essential,  but 
is  due  to  a  partial  alteration  which  is  accompanied  by  a  lowering  of  the  hardness  (to  4-5) 
and  specific  gravity  (to  4'28),  and  a  loss  of  lustre.  A  crystal  with  G.  —  5'7  showed  only  a 
trace  of  water.  The  mineral  is  consequently  hardly  to  be  separated  from  samarskite  in 
composition,  but  it  is  different  in  form  (see  E.  S.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xi.,  201,  1876). 
Brogger  shows  further,  that  annerodite  (euxenite  and  polycrase)  bears  the  same  relation  to 
columbite  that  samarskite  does  to  tantalite  ;  the  two  last  being  very  near  in  form,  as  are 

annerodite  and  columbite.  From  the  pegmatite  vein  at  Annerod,  near  Moss,  Norway,  where 
it  is  associated  with  monazite,  alvite  (q.  v.),  apatite,  magnetite,  beryl,  topaz,  and  other 
minerals. 

Anomite.— See  Mica  Group,  p.  77. 

ANORTTTITE,  Min.,  p.  337;  App.  II.,  p.  3.— Cryst.,  Albani  Mts.,  Q.  Sella,  Accad.  Line. 
Mem.,  III.,  i.,  96,  or  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  241,  1877.  Pesmeda  Alp,  Monzoni,  Tyrol,  rose-red 
variety,  vom  Rath,  Ber.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn.,  July  2,  1877  ;  anal,  by  Gamper,  Verh.  geol. 
Reichs.,  1877,  134.  Aranyer  Berg,  Transylvania,  vom  Rath,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  23,  1880.  Mt. 
Etna  (cyelopite)  v.  Lasaulx,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  326,  1880. 

Expansion  of  crystals  with  heat,  Beckenkamp,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  441,  1881. 

Pseudomorph,  Franklin  Furnace,  N.  J.,  Rcepper,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xvi.,  364,  1878. 

The  csniarkite  from  Kjorrestad,  in  Bamle,  Norway,  is  regarded  by  Brogger  and  Reusch 
(ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxvii.,  676,  1875)  as  probably  a  distinct  species,  although  they  show  that  it 
follows  the  same  twinning  laws  as  the  anorthite  of  Vesuvius.  For  Des  Cioizeaux's  results 
see  App.  II.,  p.  19. 

See  also  Feldspar  Group,  p.  45,  and  Barsowite,  p.  12. 

ANTHOPHYLLTTE,  Min.,  p.  231;  App.  II.,  p.  3.— Opt.  exam.,  Bamle,  Norway,  Des  Cloi- 
zeaux,  C.  R.,  Ixxxiv.,  1473,  1877.  Pisani  (C.  R.,  Ixxxiv.,  1510)  has  analyzed  the  Bamle 
mineral  (1),  and  also  (2)  the  snarumite  of  Breithaupt  (Min.,  p.  316).  Des  Cloizeaux  (1.  c.), 
in  view  of  these  analyses,  and  also  of  the  relation  in  optical  character,  suggests  that 
the  snarumite  may  be  an  alteration  product  of  an  aluminous  antbophyllite.  Analysis  3 
(by  Rosenius)  and  4  (by  Stadtus)  are  of  an  orthorhombic  mineral  referred  to  anthophyllite 
(G.  =  3-022-3-045)  from  Stansvik,  near  Hclsingfors,  Finland,  F.  J.  Wiik  (Z.  Kryst.,  ii., 
498,  1878). 

SiO,  AU03  FeO  MgO  CaO  Na  0,  KoO  ign. 

1.  Bamle,  G.  2-98.    51-80  12-40  3*67  27-60  ....           1«44  3-00  =     99-91. 

2.  Snarum                 57-90  13-55  1-90  19-40  0-87           4-50  2'86  =  100'98. 

3.  Stansvik               51-74  8*55  20-35  16-45  1-79  0-41  MnO  ....  =     99-29. 

4.  Stansvik               52-05  9'46  20-72  17-24  1-35  0-26  MnO  ....  =101-08. 

ANTILLITE.— App.  I.,  p.  1. 

ANTIMONY,  Min.,  p.  18.— Description  of  artificial  crystals,  Laspeyres,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxvii., 
574,  1875. 


8  APPENDIX  m. 

APATITE,  Min.,  p.  530;  App.  H.,  p.  3. — Cryst.,  from  different  localities,  Groth,  Min. 
Samml.,  Strassburg,  174,  1878.  iLama  dello  Spedalaccio,  Uzielli,  Accad.  Line.  Mem.,  i., 
159,  1876. 

According  to  Mallard  (Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  147,  1876),  apatite  is  to  be  regarded  as 
pseudo-hexagonal,  being  formed  by  the  intergrouping  of  orthorhombic  individuals  ;  a  thin 
section  of  a  Schlaggenwald  crystal  showed  three  irregularly  joined  sectors,  of  different 
optical  orientation,  and  each  distinctly  biaxial  ;  others  from  Estremadura,  Spain,  showed 
six  sectors,  two  opposite  belonging  to  the  same  crystal.  In  other  cases  normal  uniaxial 
characters  were  observed  and  explained  by  the  intimate  union  of  the  different  molecular 
aggregations. 

Etching  figures  corresponding  to  the  pyramidal  hemihedrism,  Baumhauer,  Ber.  Ak.  Mun- 
chen,  1875,  169.  Pyro-electrical  characters,  Hcmkel,  Wied.  Ann.,  vi.,  52,  1879.  Absorp- 
tion bands  in  spectrum  (Ce,La,Di),  Cossa,  Accad.  Line.  Mem.,  III.,  iii,  17  et  seq.,  1878. 

Analyses,  etc.  Occurrence  at  Kjorrestad,  Bamle,  Norway,  Brogger  and  Reusch,  ZS.  G. 
Ges.,  xxvii.,  646,  1875.  Nischne  Novgorod  (phosphorite),  v.  Mdller,  Verh.  Min.  Ges.  St. 
Pet.,  II.,  xii.,  61.  Method  of  occurrence  in  Canadian  veins,  often  of  immense  size,  Har- 
rington, Geol.  Canada,  1878  ;  composition  of  Canadian  apatites,  C.  Hoffmann,  Geol. 
Canada,  1879. 

Siew&rt  (Z.  Gesammt.  Nat.,  II.,  x.,  330,  1874)  found  6-7  p.  c.  MnO  in  an  apatite  from 
San  Roque,  near  Cordoba,  Argentine  Republic,  and  calls  this  variety,  in  which  part  of  the 
calcium  is  replaced  by  manganese,  MANGANAPATITE.  Penfield  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xix.,  367, 
1880)  has  analyzed  apatites  from  Branch ville,  Conn.,  and  Franklin  Furnace,  N.  J.,  con- 
taining manganese  ;  one  variety  from  Branchville  afforded  10*59  p.  c.  MnO. 

APHROSIDERITE,  Min.,  p.  502;  App.  II.,  p.  3. — Striegau,  Silesia,  Websky  (anal,  by  Ram- 
melsberg),  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxxi.,  211,  1879. 

APHTHITALITE,  Min.,  p.  615;  App.  II.,  p.  3. — Vesuvius,  Scacchi,  Atti  Ace.  Nap.,  Dec., 
1873  (Contr.  Min.,  ii.,  48). 

APHTHONITE. — See  Tetrahedrite,  p.  120. 

APOPHYLLITE,  Min.,  p.  415;  App.  II.,  p.  3. — Cryst.,  Radauthal,  Harz,  Ludecke,  Z.  Kryst., 
iv.,  626,  1880.  Uto,  Sweden,  Seligmann,  J.  Min.,  1880,  i.,  140. 

Pyro-electrical  characters,  Hankel,  Pogg.  Ann.,  clvii.,  163,  1876. 

Mallard  (Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  121,  1876) -  argues  that  the  true  form  of  apophyllite  is 
monoclinic.  and  that  the  crystals  are  only  pseudo-tetragonal.  Itomp/ (Min.  Petr.  Mitth  , 
ii.,  369,  1879)  has  reached  a  similar  conclusion.  KlocJce  (J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  11,  rel),  how- 
ever, opposes  the  view  of  Rumpf,  shows  in  what  respects  his  argument  is  inconclusive,  and 
explains  otherwise  more  satisfactorily  the  optical  anomalies.  See  also  remarks  by  GrrotJi, 
Z.  Kryst,  v.,  376.,  1881. 

Anal.,  Cipite-Alpe,  Mattesdorf,  Verh.  G.  Reichs.,  1876,  32. 

AQUACREPITITE. — App.  I.,  p.  2. 

ARAGONITE,  Min.,  p.  694;  App.  II.,  p.  4. — Cryst.,  monograph,  v.  Kokscliarof,  Min. 
Russl.,  vi.,  261,  1875.  Eisenerz  and  Huttenberg,  «.  Zepharovich,  Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  Ixxi., 
253,  1875.  Oberstein  a.  d.  Nahe,  Laspeyres,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  202,  1877  ;  ib.,  iv.,  433,  1880. 

Anal.,  7-29  PbC03,  Austin  Mine,  Wythe  Co.,  Va.,  Dunnington,  Proc.  Am.  Ch.  Soc., 
ii.,  14,  1878. 

On  surface  of  meteoric  iron,  anal.,  J.  L.  Smith,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xii.,  107,  1876. 

ARAGOTITE,  App.  II.,  p.  4. — Optical  examination,  Bertrand,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  87, 
1881. 

Arctolite.  ARKTOLITE,  Blomstrand,  "Ett  hognordiskt  mineral,"  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  v., 
•210,  1880. 

Occurs  in  a  crystalline  limestone,  forming  small  irregularly  curved  crystalline  plates, 
generally  compact,  occasionally  showing  prismatic  angles  of  124°-126°  (Sjogren,  1.  c.). 
H.  =  5.  G.  303.  Colorless  or  yellowish  to  greenish.  Analysis  (I):  SiO,  44'93,  Ti02 
•0-38,  AlaO,  23-55,  Fe,03  1-24,  CaO  13  28,  MgO  10-30,  Na20  1-73,  K20  0-79,  H,0  3'15  = 


APPENDIX  III.  9 

99-74.  This  corresponds  to  the  formula  H2R2  [A12]  Si3012.  B.  B.  fuses  with  difficulty  to 
a  white  enamel  ;  partially  attacked  by  acids  with  the  separation  of  flocculent  silica. 
Found  in  1861  on  Hvitholin,  near  Spitzbergen.  [A  relation  to  prehnite,  on  the  ground  of 
the  composition,  and  to  hornblende,  because  of  the  prismatic  angle,  is  suggested,  but  the/ 
mineral  needs  further  examination  before  its  true  character  can  be  settled.] 

ARDENNITE,  App.  II.,  p.  4. — Supplementary  description  by  v.  Lasaulx,  J.  Min.,  1876,  363, 
and  Bettendorff,  Pogg.  Ann.,  clx.,  126,  1877.  Analyses  by  Bettendorff,  (1)  sulphur-yellow 
opaque  var.,  G.  =  3  656;  (2)  brown  transparent  var.,  G.  =  3'643. 

SiOa       Alo03     Fe.,03      MnO       CuO      MgO      CaO       V205    As205    H20 

1.  27-50       22-76       115       30-61       0-17       1-38       1-83       0-53       9-33       5-13=100-39. 

2.  27-84  ~2?22~~~         26-70       ....       3-01       2-17       9'20       2-76       5-01  =  100-91. 

It  is  concluded  by  Bettendorff,  tjiat  in  this  mineral  arsenic  and  vanadium  replace  each 
other  in  varying  proportions,  with  a  consequent  variation  in  color  ;  in  several  other  trials 
1-83,  2-31,  2-53,  2-98,  6-64  p.  c.  As205  were  found  ;  v.  Lasaulx  (1.  c.)  shows  that  the  vana- 
dium ardennite  Is  probably  the  original  mineral,  and  that  the  presence  of  the  arsenic  is 
due  to  gradual  alteration. 

Arequipite. — A.  Raimondi,  Mineraux  du  Perou,  Paris,  1878,  p.  167. 

Compact,  wax-like.  H.  nearly  6.  Color  honey  yellow.  Fracture  conchoidal.  According 
to  a  qualitative  analysis,  a  silico-antimoniate  of  lead.  B.  B..on  charcoal  fuses  with  diffi- 
culty, yielding  buttons  of  lead,  and  gives  off  antimonial  vapors.  Slightly  attacked  by 
nitric  acid,  dissolves  slowly  in  hydrochloric  acid  to  which  a  little  nitric  has  been  added, 
and  leaves  a  residue  of  silica.  Occurs  sparingly  in  a  quartzose  gangue,  with  argentiferous 
lead  carbonate  and  chrysocolla,  at  the  Victoria  mine,  Montagne  de  la  Trinite,  near  Tibaya, 
Province  of  Arequipa,  Peru.  [Needs  further  examination,  probably  a  mixture.] 

ARFVEDSONITE,  Min..  p.  243. — Anal.,  El  Paso  Co,  Colorado,  Konig,  Am.  Phil.  Soc., 
Philad.,  xvii..  516,  1877,  or  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  430.  Greenland,  discussion  of  composition, 
Dolter,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  34,  1879. 

ARGEXTITE,  Min.,  p.  38;  App.  II.,  p.  4. — Oryst..  description,  GrotJi,  Min.-Samml.  Strass- 
burg,  1878,  p.  50. 

ARGENTOPYRITE,  Min.,  p.  39;  App.  II.,  p.  4. — See  Steriibergite,  p.  115. 
Argyropy rite.— See  Sternbergite,  p.  115. 
ARITE. — App.  II.,  p.  4. 

Arrhenite.— NordenskiSld  ;  Engstrom,  Inaug.  Diss..  Upsala,  1877  (Abstr.  by  Brftgger, 
Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  201,  1878). — A  substance  locking  like  red  feldspar  ;  occurs  with  fergusonite 
and  cyrtolite  at  Ytterby,  Sweden.  G.  =  3'68.  Analysis  :  Ta.,0,  21-28,  Cb->O5  2'67, 
SiOa  17  65,  Zr02  3'42,  Fe203 1-87,  A1203  3-88,  Ce2  (Di2,  La2)  03  2"59,  Yo03  22-06,  Era03 11 10, 
CaO  5  22,  BeO  0'74,  E20  6 -87  =  100-35. 

[Regarded  as  only  a  decomposition  product,  and  hence  not  deserving  of  a  distinct 
name.] 

* 

Arsenargentite.— J.  B.  ffannay,  Min.  Mag.,  i.,  149,  1877.  In  orthorhombic  acicular 
crystals  imbedded  in  native  arsenic.  Analysis  gave  :  As  18 '43,  Ag  81-37  =  99 -80,  corre- 
sponding to  the  formula  Ag3As.  Source  "  probably  Freiberg." 

[An  imperfect  description  from  a  single  specimen  of  uncertain  origin  is  a  most  unsatis- 
factory basis  for  a  new  name.] 

ARSENIC,  Min.,  p.  17;  App.  II.,  p.  5. — Cryst..  anal.  (Janovsky),  Joachimsthal,  v.  Zeriharo- 
vich,  Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  Ixxi.,  272,  1875. 


10  APPENDIX   HI. 

ARSEXIOSIDERITE. — Min.,  p.  76,  App.  II.,  p.  5. 

ARSEXOLITE,  Min.,  p.  183. — Anomalous  optical  characters  of  artificial  crystals,  perhaps 
pseudo-isometric,  Gronse-Bohle,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  233,  1881).  See  also  Senarmontite,  p.  108. 

ARSENOPYRITE,  Min.,  p.  78;  App.  II.,  p.  5. — Cryst.,  Joachimsthal,  Gamper,  Verh.  geol. 
Reichs.,  1876,  354.  With  pyrite  in  parallel  position,  Sadebeck,  Wied.  Ann.,  v.,  576,  1878; 
do.  with  galenite,  Groth,  Min.-SammJ.,  Strassburg,  p.  39,  1878.  Reide^  stein,  Silesia, 
Hare,  Z.  Kryst,  iv.,  296,  1879. 

Arzruni  (Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  430,  1878)  has  examined  (but  see  Hare  1.  c.)  crystals  from  eight 
localities,  and  has  shown  considerable  variation  in  angle  between  them.  He  also  states 
that  while  the  composition  is  different  for  different  localities,  it  agrees  neither  with 
FeS2  +  AsS2,  nor  with  wFeS2  +  wFeAs2,  but  that  the  percentage  amount  of  iron  remains 
nearly  constant. 

Becke  (Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  101)  discusses  the  relations  in  crystalline  axes  between  arsen- 
opyrite,  danaite,  and  glaucodot,  and  concludes  that  they  do  not  correspond  with  the  amount 
of  cobalt  present,  as  suggested  by  Scheerer  ;  this  result,  however,  is  questioned  by  Groth 
(Z.  Kryst,,  ii.,  520). 

ARSEXOTELLURITE. — App.  II.,  p.  5. 
ARSEXSTIBITE. — App.  II.,  p.  5. 

ASMAXITE,  App.  II.,  p.  5. — In  meteoric  iron  of  Rittersgriin,  Wrisbach,  J.  Min.,  1876, 
934  ;  Winkler,  ib.,  1879,  903.  According  to  Weisbach,  asmanite  is  identical  with  tridy- 
mite,  as  suggested  by  v.  Lnsaulx  (Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  274,  1878).  See  in  Nov.  Act.  Leopold. -Car. 
Ak.,  xl.,  358,  1878.  See  also  Groth,  Tab.  Uebers.  Min.,  p.  33, 1882. 

ASPIDOLITE. — App.  I.,  p.  2,  II.,  p.  5. 

ASTEROITE. — App.  I.,  p.  2. 

ASTROPHYLLITE,  Min.,  p.  308 ;  App.  II.,  p.  6.— With  arfvedsonite  and  zirkon,  El  Paso  Co., 
Colorado,  Konig,  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  Philad.,  xvi.,  509, 1877  (or  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  423).  An  analy- 
sis gave  :  Si02  34'68,  Ti02  13-58,  Zr02  2'20,  Fe203  6  56,  A1203  0'70,  FeO  26-10,  MnO  3  48, 
Na20  2-54,  K20  5-01,  H2O  3'54,  MgO  C-30,  CuO  0'42,  Ta205  (?)  0'80  =  99-91. 

Cryst.  and  optical  exam.,  Norway  and  Colorado,  Bucking,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  433,  1877  ; 
Brogger,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  278,  1878.  Brogger  concludes  that  the  mineral  belongs  to  the  tri- 
clinic  system.  It  is  now  referred  to  the  pyroxene  group. 

ATACAMITE,  Min.,  p.  121;  App.  II.,  p.  6.— Cryst.,  Chili,  Brogger,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  488, 
1879  ;  v.  Rath,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  256,  1880. 

Anal.,  Yorke's  Pejiinsula,  Wallaroo,  T.  C.  Cloud,  Chem.  News,  xxxiv.,  254,  1876.  New 
South  Wales.  Liversidge,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.,  N.  S.  W.,  Nov.  3,  1880. 

From  the  Nellore  District,  India,  Mallett  Rec.  Geol.  Surv.  India,  xii,  171,  1879. 

ATELESTITE.— Min.,  p.  392;  App.  II.,  p.  6. 
Atelina,  ATELITE.— See  Tenorite,  p.  119. 

Atopite.—  Nordenskiold,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iii..  376,  1877. 

'Isometric  ;  in  octahedrons,  with  cube  and  dodecahedron,  also  m-m,  and  i-n  planes. 
H.  —  5-5-6.  G.  =  5-03.  Lustre  greasy  Color  yellow  to  resin  brown.  Translucent. 
Composition  R2Sb207  =  SboO.-,  7312,  CaO  17-51,  *FeO  2'71,  MgO  150,  K20  0  84,  Na,0 
4-32  =  100.  Analyses  :  1,  the  mineral  fused  with  sodium  carbonate  ;  2,  do.  reduced  with 
hydrogen  ;  3,  mean  of  (1)  and  (2). 

Sb205  FeO  MnO  CaO  K20  Na20 

1.  72-61  3-04  1-34  1805 

2.  2-54  1-72  17-65  0'86  4'40 

3.  72-61  2-79  1-53  17'85  0-86  4'40     =     100-04. 


APPENDIX  III.  11 

B.  B.  in  forceps  in  0.  P.  unchanged.  On  charcoal  in  R.  F.  sublimes  in  part,  fuses  at 
first  with  difficulty,  and  gives  finally,  when  the  antimony  pentoxide  is  all  reduced  to  the 
metallic  state  and  driven  off,  a  dark  infusible  slag.  In  salt  of  phosphorus  dissolves  to  a 
clear  bead,  yellow  while  hot,  and  colorless  on  cooling.  Insoluble  in  acids  ;  decomposed 
with  difficulty  by  fusion  with  sodium  carbonate.  Easily  reduced  by  hydrogen,  (cf.  romeite.) 

Occurs  as  octahedrons  imbedded  in  hedyphane,  which  in  turn  forms  little  veins  in  rhodo- 
nite ;  rare.  Locality  Langban,  in  Wcrmland,  Sweden.  Named  from  aroTtot,  unusual. 

AUGITE.  —  See  Pyroxene,  p.  100. 

AUTUNITE,  Min.,  p.  58G;  App.  II.,  p.  6.  —  Himmelfahrt  mine,  Johanngeorgenstadt, 
Saxony;  Brezina'  makes  the  crystals  to  be  monoclinic  (or  triclinic),  with  pseudo-tetrago- 
nal symmetry,  Z.  Kryst.,  Hi.,  273,  1879. 

Composition,  Church,  J.  Chem.  Soc.,  Feb.,  18?5,  109. 

AXIXITE,  Min.,  p.  297;  App.  II.,  p.  6.  —  Cryst.,  Veszveres,  Hungary,  and  Medels, 
Switzerland,  Schmidt,  J.  Min.,  1881,  i.,  371  ref.  (or  Z.  Kryst.,  vi.,  98). 

Pyro  -electrical  characters,  Ilankel,  Wied.  Ann.,  vi.,  57,  1879.  Expansion  of  crystals 
with  heat,  Bcckenkamp,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  451,  1881. 

AZORITE.  —  Min.,  p.  761;  App.  II.,  p.  6. 

AZURTTE,  Min.,  p.  715;  App.  II.,  p.  6.  —  Cryst.  descript.  (twins\  Chessy  near  Lyons, 
Oroth,  Min.-Saminl.,  Strassburg,  p.  138,  1878. 

BABIXGTONITE,  Min..  p.  227;  App.  II.,  p.  6.  —  Observed  in  slag  from  Bessemer  steel, 
Klemm,  Chem.  Centralbl.,  1874,  215.  See  also  Szaboite,  p.  118. 

Balvraidite.—  Ilcddk,  Min.  Mag.,  iv.,  117,  1880. 

Structure  saccharoidal.  H.  =  6.  G.  =  2  '905-2-908.  Color  pule  purplish  brown.  Analy- 
ses (1)  dark  var.  ;  (2)  paler  var.: 

Si02        Al,03       Fo,03      MnO       MgO         CaO        Na-,0       K^O        11,0 

46-04        20-11        2-52        0-79        8-30        13-47        2'72        1-36        4-71    =  100-02. 

46-17        20-95        1-86        0'84        7'36        13-25        3*25        1  56        4-90    =  100-14. 

B.  B.  fuses  with  intumescence  to  a  vesicular  pale  bine  glass.  Presents  a  mottled 
appearance  under  the  microscope,  and  was  judged  to  be  homogeneous.  Occurs  in  a  granu- 
lar limestone,  at  Balvraid,  Inverness-shire,  Scotland.  [Needs  further  examination  ;  as  the 
description  stands  at  present,  this  substance,  "which  may  prove  to  be  a  new  mineral," 
certainly  does  not  deserve  a  distinct  name.] 

Barcenite.—  ,  T.  W.  Mallet,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  xvi.,  306,  1878. 

Massive;  structure  finely  granular,  compact  or  porous;  also  columnar  (pseudomorphous 
after  livingstonite).  H.  =  5*5.  G.  —  5*343.  Lustre  dull,  earthy,  sometimes  slightly 
resinous.  Color,  dark  gray,  nearly  black.  Streak  ash  gray,  with  slight  greenish  tint. 
Fracture  tolerably  even.  Brittle.  Analysis  by  J.  R.  Santos: 

Sb*       S        Hg       Ca         0         H20 
50-11    2-82    20-75    3-88  [17-61]     4-73  (below  130CC.  1  -23)    Si02  O'lO  =  100. 

*  Atomic  weight  =  120. 

The  sulphur  is  assumed  to  exist  as  HgS,  and  is  accordinglv  deducted  with  a  corre- 
sponding amount  of  mercurv.  For  the  remainder  the  following  atomic  ratios  are  then 
obtained  :—  RO  :  Sb203  :  Sb20.-,  =  4:1:5,  and  Sb.,OB  :  H20  —  1:5.  The  antimonic  acid 
(Sbo05,  5H20)  is  again  assumed  to  exist  independently  as  an  impurity,  and  the  formula  for 
the  remainder  written:  [Sbo03  4(RO)]  (Sb^Oo);  corresponding  to  a  normal  antimonate 


B.  B.  in  0.  F.  decrepitates  slightly,  turns  nearlv  white,  and  becomes  rounded  on  the 
edges;  in  R.F.  gives  off  antimony  fumes,  accompanied  with  a  greenish  blue  flame.     In 


12  APPENDIX  III. 

the  closed  tube  gives  off  water,  metallic  mercury,  black  mercury  sulphide,  and  a  little  anti- 
mony trioxide ;  in  the  open  tube  metallic  mercury  is  deposited,  and  also  more  antimony 
trioxide,  the  fumes  of  sulphur  dioxide  passing  off.  On  charcoal  a  white  antimoniai  sub- 
limate, and  with  soda  antimony  is  obtained  in  metallic  beads.  With  borax  in  0.  F.  a 
clear  colorless  glass,  which  in  R.F.  becomes  turbid. 

From  Huitzuco,  State  of  Guerrero,  Mexico.  Associated  with  livingstonite,  from  the 
decomposition  of  which  it  has  been  formed.  Named  after  Sr.  Mariano  Barcena,  the  Mexi- 
can mineralogist.  [That  the  original  material  examined  is,  as  assumed,  a  mixture,  cannot 
be  questioned,  but  that  the  true  nature  of  the  compounds  present  has  been,  or  in  fact 
can  be,  definitely  settled  so  as  to  establish  beyond  doubt  the  nature  of  a  new  species  seems 
very  .improbable.] 

BARETTITE. — App.  I.,  p.  3. 

BARITE,  Min.,  p.  616;  App.  II.,  p.  6.— Cryst.,  v.  KokscJiarof,  Min.  Russl.,  vii.,  25, 1875. 
Calafuria,  near  Leghorn,  Italy,  Uzietti,  Ace.  Line.  Mem.,  II.,  iii.,  611,  1876.  Valle  della 
Sterza,  Tuscany,  D'AcUardi,  Ace.  Soc.  Tosc.,  iii.,  160,  1877.  Groth,  Min.-Samml. 
Strassburg,  p.  142,  1878.  Muzsaj,  Hungary  (wolnyn),  Schmidt,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  428,  1879. 
Swoszowice,  Galicia/  Vrba,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  433,  1881. 

Effect  of  change  of  temperature  on  indices  of  refraction,  Arzruni,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  71,  1877. 

Anal.,  earthy  barite,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Konig,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1876,  156. 
Last  Chance  Mine,  Morgan  Co.,  Mo.,  Broadhead,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xiii.,  419, 1877. 

BARSOWITE,  Min.,  p.  340. — Re-examined  microscopically  by  Bauer  and  analyzed  by 
Friederici,  and  shown  to  have  the  composition  of  anorthite,  with  which  it  does  not,  how- 
ever, in  all  respects  correspond;  G.  =  2-584  after  deduction  for  the  corundum  present,  J. 
Min.,  1880,  ii.,  63. 

BARTHOLOMITE. — App.  II.,  p.  6. 

Barylite.— C.  W.  Blomstrand,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iii.,  128,  1876. 

In  groups  of  prismatic  crystals,  more  or  less  tabular  in  habit.  Two  distinct  cleavages 
forming  an  angle  of  about  84°.  H.  =  7.  G.  =  4*03.  Lustre  greasy.  Colorless.  Semi- 
transparent.  Analysis : 

SiOo     AlaOa    FeoOa     BaO    PbO    CaO    MgO    OuO    Bi-,03    ign 
(!)    34-36    16-02      0-98     46*23    0'93    0-68     027     0-09      0-19     0-15  =  99-90. 

Formula  calculated:  Ba4  [A12]2  Si,024,  which  requires:  Si02  33'94,  A1308  16-61,  BaO 
49-45  =  100.  B.  B.  infusible;  not  attacked  by  acid.  Named  from  fttxpvt  heavy,  and  A/3oS 
stone.  Occurs  with  hedyphane  in  crystalline  limestone  at  Langban,  in  Wermland,  Sweden. 
[A  mineral  of  so  unusual  composition  deserves  to  be  more  thoroughly  described  on  the 
crystallographical  side.] 

BARYTOCALCITE,  Min.,  p.  701.— Anal,  (by  Lundstrom),  corresponding  to  CaC03  +  BaC03, 
Langban,  Sweden,  Sjogren,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iii.,  289,  1876.  According  to  Des  Cloizeaux 
(Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  95, 1881),  the  mineral  analyzed  by  Lundstrom  is  rhombohedral  with  a 
cleavage  angle  of  about  105°. 

BARYTOCELESTITE. — See  Celestite,  p.  21,  and  App.  II.,  p.  7. 
Baryturanite  —  Uranocircite,  p.  127. 

BASTITE,  Min.,  469.— Anal.,  Elba,  Pisani,  C.  R.,  Ixxxiii.,  July  10,  1876. 
BASTNASITE. — See  Tysonite,  p.  126, and  App.  I.,  p.  2. 

BEAUXITE,  Min.,  p.  174;  App.  II.,  p.  7.— Analyses,  Feistritz  and  Nassau,  showing  wide 
variation  in  composition,  Henntsrh,  Inaug.  Diss.,  Breslau,  1879  (Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  642,  1880). 
Age,  origin,  etc.,  Dieulafait,  C.  R.,  xciii.,  804,  1881. 


APPENDIX  III.  13 

I 

Beccarite.— See  Zirkon,  p.  134. 

Beegerite.— Konig,  Am,  Chem.  Journ.,  ii.,  379,  1881  (or  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  322). 

Isometric,  in  elongated  crystals;  also  massive.  Cleavage  cubic.  G.  =  7 '273.  Color  light 
to  dark  gray.  Lustre  brilliant  metallic.  Mean  of  4  partial  analyses,  after  deduction 
of  quartz  (2*0  p.  c.): 

S  Bi  Pb  Cu 

14-97  20-59  64-23  1'70  =  10-49. 

This  corresponds  nearly  to  Pb6Bi2S9  or  6PbS  +  Bi2S3  =  S  14-78,  Bi  21-36,  Pb  63-84. 
B.  B.  decrepitates,  giving  on  charcoal  reactions  for  lead  and  bismuth.  Dissolves  readily  in 
warm  HC1.  From  the  Baltic  Lode,  near  Grant  P.  0.,  Park  Co.,  Colorado.  Named  after 
Mr.  Hermann  Beeger,  of  Denver. 

BERAUNITE — ELEONORITE,  Nies,  xix.  Ber.  Oberhess.  Ges.  Nat.-u.  Heilk.,  p.  Ill,  1880. 
Streng,  J.  Min.,  1881,  i.,  102. 

Monoclinic  crystals,  tabular  (i^i)  and  prismatic  (in  direction  of  b),  in  habit  similar  to  some 
crystals  of  lazulite  from  Georgia.  Axes  c  :  b  :  a  —  4-0157  : 1  :  2-755.  ft  =  48°  33'.  0  A  i-i  = 
131°  27',  i-i  A  1  —  104°  24  ;  1  A  1  (clinodiag.)  =  39°  56'.  Twins  with  i-i^  as  twinning 
plane,  also  penetration  twins.  Cleavage  i-i.  Often  in  druses,  and  in  radiated  foliated 
crusts  (Streng).  H.  =  3-4.  Lustre  vitreous,  on  i-i  inclining  to  pearly.  '  Color  red  brown 
to  dark  hyacinth  red.  Streak  yellow,  strongly  dichroic. 

Analyses  by  Streng:  1,  crystals;  2,  radiated  coating  on  limonite  : 

P205  Fe203  H20 

1.  31-88  51-94  16-37  =  100-19. 

2.  31-78  52-05  10-56  =  100-39. 

Formula  [Fea]3P40,9,  8H20,  or  2  [Fea]  P208  +  [Fe2]  H60fl  +  5  aq  B.  B.  fuses  easily  to 
a  black  bead  metallic  in  appearance,  crystalline  on  cooling.  Easily  soluble  in  HC1.  Occurs 
on  limonite  at  the  Eleonore  mine  on  the  Dunsbcrg,  near  Giessen,  and  at  the  liothlaufchen 
mine  near  Waldgirmes,  in  the  same  region. 

Streng  (1.  c.)  calls  attention  to  the  close  relation  of  eleonorite  to  beraunite  from  St. 
Benigna,  Bohemia  (Min..  p.  558).  The  following  are  analyses  of  the  original  beraunite: 
1.  Tschermak,  Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  xlix.,  341,  1864;  2,  3.  Boricky,  ib.,  Ivi.,  11,  1867;  4.  Frenzel, 
from  Scheibenberg,  Saxony,  J.  Min.,  1873,  23. 

P,05  Fe203  H20 

1.  St.  Benigna 30'5  55-0  14'0    Na20  1-5  =  101. 

2.  "         •  30-2  55-8  15-1    =  101. 

3.  "  28-99  55-98  14-41  =  99-38. 

4.  Soheibenberg 28 "65  54-50  16'55  =  99'70. 

Streng  shows  that  in  composition  the  St.  Benigna  mineral  is  nearly  identical  with 
eleonorite,  but  regards  the  differences  in  physical  characters  too  great  to  allow  of  their 
being  united.  The  mineral  of  Frenzel  seems  to  have  a  different  crystalline  form. 

Bertrand  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  88,  1881),  has  subjected  both  the  beraunite  and  eleonorite 
to  a  new  examination,  and  concludes  that  in  angles,  dichroism  and  optical  qualities  they 
are  the  same.  There  would  seem  consequently  to  be  little  doubt  of  their  identity. 

Bergamaskite. — See  Amphibote,  p.  5. 

Bernardinite. — Described  as  a  new  fossil  resin  from  San  Bernardino,  Cal. ,  by  J.  M. 
Stillman  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xviii.,  57,  1879);  since  shown  by  him  to  be  an  exudation  from  a 
species  of  conifer,  which  has  received  its  particular  characters  from  exposure  to  the  atmos- 
phere (ib.,  xx.,  93,  1880). 

BERYL,  Min.,  p.  245;  App.  II.,  p.  7.— Cryst,  Eidsvold,  Norway,  Websky,  Min.  Mitth., 
1876,  117.  Alexander  Co.,  N.  C.,  Hidden,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxi.,  159  ;  xxii.,  24,  1881. 


14  APPENDIX  III. 

I 

Santa  Fe,  Bogota,  New  Granada,  Vrba,  Z.  Kryst,,  v.,  430,  1881.  Gold  sands  of  the  Ural, 
JV.  v.  Kokscharof,  Jr.,  Bull.  Ac.  St.  Pet.,  xxvii.,  35,  1881  (or  Min.  Kussl.,  viii.,  223). 

Pyro-electrical  properties,  Hanlcel,  Pogg.  Ann.,  clvii.,  161,  1876.  Specific  gravity  of 
different  specimens,  Church,  Geol.  Mag.,  11.,  ii.,  320,  1875. 

Occurrence  of  emeralds  of  unusual  size  (one  crystal  10  inches  long)  and  beauty  of  color, 
in  Alexander  Co.,  N.  C.,  Hidden,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  xxii.,  489,  1881. 

Mallard  (Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  148,  1876)  describes  the  optical  anomalies  observed  in 
crystals  of  beryl,  and  concludes  that  it  is  pseudo-hexagonal,  the  individuals  of  which  a 
crystal  is  made  up  being  orthorhombic ;  the  relations  are  regarded  as  similar  to  those  in 
apatite.  See  also  Des  Cloizeaux,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  94,  1881. 

Atlerberg  (Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  405,  1874)  uses  the  name  PSEUDO-EMERALD  (pseudo- 
smaragd)  to  designate  a  mineral  resulting  from  the  alteration  of  beryl.  The  name  was 
introduced  by  Berzelius  for  pseudomorphous  crystals,  consisting,  as  he  regarded  it,  of 
ordinary  beryl  and  mica.  Atterberg  retains  the  name  for  the  hard  portion  of  similar 
pseudomorphs,  which,  however,  he  finds  to  be  not  true  beryl.  Its  characters  are  :  hard- 
ness 5-5  ;  G.  =  2'70  ;  lustre  waxy;  color  dark  grayish  green  ;  fracture  splintery.  Inti- 
mately mixed  with  mica  scales.  Analyses:  1,  2,  the  latter  on  material  not  entirely  free 
from  mica  : 

Si02          A1203          BeO          FeO         MgO         KoO         EUO 

1.  57-32          17-46          13-11          0-30          0'32          7'82          3-64   =     99-97. 

2.  56-23          19-05          12'55          0'18          0'50          7'45          4-83    =  100-79. 

If  the  water  is  considered  basic,  the  ratio  for  bases  to  silica  is  2  :  3.  The  mineral  differs 
from  ordinary  beryl  in  having  lost  part  of  its  silica  and  gained  potash  and  water  ;  the 
alumina  and  glucina  are  sensibly  unchanged.  Prom  Kararfvet,  near  Fahlun,  Sweden. 

Grattarola  (liiv.  Scientif.-industr.,  No.  19,  1880,  Florence)  has  given  the  name  ROSTERITE 
to  a  mineral  which  he  regards  as  a  distinct  variety  of  beryl.  It  occurs  in  short  prismatic  to 
tabular  doubly-terminated  crystals.  Basal  plane  rounded,  and  apparently  formed  of  many 
planes  of  varying  position,  belonging  to  the  second  series.  In  polarized  light  a  basal  sec- 
tion is  divided  into  six  sectors,  corresponding  to  the  prismatic  edges,  for  the  three  alternate 
of  which  the  extinction  is  the  same.  Biaxial  interference  figures  (angle  15")  observed,  the 
extinction  plane  in  part  parallel  to  the  prism,  in  part  inclined  from  3T  to  7°.  Color  pale 
rose  red.  Analyses  :  1,  2,  from  the  respective  ends  of  a  crystal,  which  had  a  nucleus  of 
normal  beryl  (anal.  3) ;  4,  "typical  rosterite." 

Si02        Al20s         BeO       MgO       CaO    Na20,K20  Li20    H20 

1.  G.  =277  61-97  21-93  8'62  1'26  0-42   '"undetT^  . . . .  undet. 

2.  G.  =2-74  60-26  2118  9-71  1-57  2-55  undet.  0 -58    tr.  3-07=    98'92. 

3.  G.  =277  62-88  1 7-09 (?)  15-97 (?)  2-62  2'99       undet 2  32  =  103-87. 

4.  G.  =2-75  61-34  23-20  8 -81  0'50  2-19         rOO        ....  2'03  =    99-07. 

t 

[The  reasons  for  regarding  this  as  a  distinct  variety  of  beryl  are :  its  crystalline  habit,  its 
optical  character,  and  the  variation  in  chemical  composition.  To  the  first,  however,  no 
weight  can  be  given,  and  as  little  to  the  second,  since  analogous  optical  anomalies  have 
been  previously  observed  in  ordinary  beryl  ;  as  to  the  composition,  further  careful  analy- 
ses are  needed  to  establish  that  point.  ]  Locality,  Island  of  Elba. 

BERZELIITE,  Min.,  p.  544—  W.  Lindgren  (Geol.  For  Forh.,  v.,  552,  1881)  states  that  the 
hitherto  accepted  description  of  berzeliite  is  incorrect,  in  consequence  of  its  having  been 
confounded  with  another  mineral  which  occurs  at  Langban,  associated  with  it.  The  char- 
acters of  true  berzeliite  are  : 

Massive  ;  isometric  (Sjogren,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  533,  1875,  and  A.  Wichmann,  Z. 
Kryst.,  v.,  105,  1880)  ;  no  distinct  cleavage.  II.  =5.  G.  =  4-07-4-09.  Lustre  resinous. 
Color  honey  yellow  to  sulphur  yellow.  Transparent  to  translucent.  Fracture  semi-eon- 
choidal.  Brittle.  «B.  B.  fuses  rather  easily  to  a  brown  bead.  .  Soluble  in  hydrochloric  and 
nitric  acids.  Occurs  imbedded  in  small  grains  in  a  granular  calcite  ;  with  calcite  in  haus- 
mannite  and  in  braunite;  with  caryinite.  Sometimes  of  a  green  color,  from  minute  inclosed 
hausmannite  crystals. 

There  also  occurs  at  Langban  another  arsenate,  having  the  following  characters  :  Mass- 


APPENDIX  III.  15 

ive  ;  anisotrope,  but  crystalline  system  uncertain  ;  no  distinct  cleavage.  H.  =  5.  G.  =  4'03- 
4-04;  3-89.  Color  dirty  yellowish  white  or  light  sulphur  .yellow.  An  analysis  by  L.  W. 
McCay  gave  :  As,03  02-00,  CaO  2000,  MgO  12  81,  MnO  4- 18,  PbO,  FeO  tr.,  insol.  (SiO,) 
0-68  =  99-67  ;  this  corresponds  to  a  simple  ortho-arsenate,  R3As2Oe.  Occurs  massive  in  a 
light  brown  tine  granular  mixture  of  calcite  and  manganiferous  mica,  often  penetrated  by 
hausmannite.  This  mineral  is  regarded  as  the  one  to  which  the  earlier  descriptions  belong 
(Min.,  p.  544),  but  while  optically  distinct  from  berzeliite,  their  true  relation  is  still  very 
uncertain. 

[The  above  observations  only  hicrease  the  doubts  as  to  the  true  nature  of  berzeliite  ;'as 
possibly  bearing  upon  the  question  as  to  the  relation  of  the  isotrope  and  anisotrope  min- 
erals mentioned,  attention  may  be  called  to  the  fact  that  Des  Cloizeaux  has  observed  iso- 
tropic  varieties  of  gadolinite  and  also  of  homilite,  supposed  to  be  due  to  alteration.  J 

See  also  Garyinite,  p.  20. 

BEUDANTITE,  Min.,  p.  589. — Optical  exam.,  the  same  characters  belong  to  the  beudantite 
of  Horhausen,  of  Cork  (Adam's  corkite),  and  of  Dernbaeh  (Adam's  dernbachite) ;  Bertrand, 
Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  255,  1881. 

BEYRICHITE. — App.  I.,  p.  3. 

Bhreckite  (or  Vreckite\  ITeddle,  Min.  Mag.,  iii.,  57,  1879.  Fine  granular,  scaly  ;  soft 
and  friable.  Occurs  as  a  light  apple-green  coating  on  quartz  crystals.  An  analysis  gave  : 
Si02  34-92,  AL203  716,  Fe203  12-71,  FeO  211,  MnO  0-41,  CaO  16  08,  MgO  8*26,  H20  17-77 
(1-03  at  100°  C.)  =  99-42  (alkalies  in  traces).  Soluble  in  HC1.  From  a  cavity  in  a  bowlder 
of  syenitic  granite,  found  on  the  hill  of  Ben  Bhreck,  near  Tongue,  in  Sutherland,  Scot- 
land. [Provisionally  named  on  the  ground  that  "the  substance  may  prove  to  be  anew 
mineral " — needs  further  examination.  No  sufficient  proof  of  the  homogeneity  of  the  mate- 
rial analyzed  is  given.] 

BIEIROSITE. — App.  II.,  p.  7. 

BINDHEIMITE,  Min.,  p.  591. — Anal.,  Sevier  Co.,  Ark.,  Dunnington,  Amer.  Assoc.,  1877, 
182;  C.  E.  Wait,  Trans.  Am.  Inst.  Min.  Eng.,  viii.,  50,  1880. 

• 

BINNITE,  Min.,  p.  90;  App.  II.,  p.  7. — Cryst.,  Binnenthal,  Ilessenberg,  Min.  Not.,xii., 
6,  1875;  W.  J.  Lewis,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  192,  1878. 

BIOTITE. — See  Mica  Group,  p.  77. 

Bischofite. — See  Chloromagnesite,  p.  25. 

• 
BISMITE,  Min.,  p.  785  ;  App.  II.,  p.  7. 

BISMUTH,  Min  ,  p.  19;  App.  II.,  p.  7.— Cryst.,  Schneeberg,  Fletcher,  Phil.  Mag.,  V.,  ix., 
185,  1880. 
Anal,  (with  galenite),  Mossgrufva,  Nordmark,  Sjogren,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iv.,  106,  1878. 

BISMUTHIXITE,  Min.,  p.  30;  App.  II.,  p.  7.— Cryst..  Tazna,  Bolivia,  Groth,  Z.  Kryst., 
v.,  252,  1880. 

Anal.,  Choroloque,  Bolivia,  Domeyko,  6th  App.  Min.  Chili,  p.  22,  1878. 

BISMUTITE,  Min.,  p.  716  ;  App.  II.,  p.  l.—  WeisbacJi  (Jahrb.  Berg.-Hutt.,  1877)  has  de- 
scribed a  supposed  new  bismuth  carbonate  under  the  name  of  BISMUTOSPILERITE.— Occurs 
in  spherical  forms  with  concentric  structure,  fine  fibrous,  radiated.  H.  =3.  G.  —  7'28- 
7'32.  Color  bright  yellow  to  blackish  brown,  different  in  successive  layers.  Streak  yellow- 
ish gray.  An  analysis  gave  Winkler  :  C02  8  97,  Bi203  88'58,  quartz  0-98  =  97'83.  For- 
mula calculated  Bi,C05(=  Bi,C309  +  2Bi,03),  which  requires  C02  8'66,  Bi203  91  '34  =  100 
[but  uncertain,  as  the  analysis  shows  a  considerable  loss]  ;  found  at  Neustadtel,  •  near 
Schneeberg,  Saxony.  Weisbach  states  that  this  mineral  is  the  original  Arsenik-wismuth  of 


16  APPENDIX   III. 

Brcithanpt ;  Frenzel  previously  described  what  he  regarded  as  Breithaupt's  mineral  under 
the  name  of  agricolite  (App.  II.,  p.  1). 

Other  analyses  of  bismuth  carbonates  have  been  made  by  Carnot  (C.  R.,  Ixxix.,  304, 
1874)  of  the  mineral  from  Meymac,  Correze,  he  found  Bi.2O3  86-90  p.  c.,  C02  314-6-43, 
H20  1  -94-4 '86.  He  distinguishes  three  types  :  1  (anal.  1),  grayish  white,  somewhat  foli- 
ated ;  2  (anal.  2),  dark  gray,  slightly  greenish,  fibrous  ;  3  (anal.  3),  white,  earthy,  with 
yellowish  spots.  Anal.  4  by  Frenzel  (J.  Min.,  1873,  801,  946),  from  San  Luis  Potosi, 
Mexico  (see  also  Barcena,  Rev.  Cientif.  Mex.,  i.,  8,  Dec.,  1879).  Anal.  5  by  Liversidge, 
with  stream  tin  from  Pond's  Creek,  New  South  Wales  (Pl-oc.  Roy.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  Nov.  3, 
1880).  Anal.  6  by  Winkler,  quoted  by  Weisbach  (J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  112),  from  Neustadtel, 
Gr.  —  6 '12-6 '27,  pseudomorph  after  native  bismuth. 

CO2    Bi2O3    H2O     PbO    FeO  CaO  MgO  As2O5  Sb2O5  SO3     HC1  gangue 

1.  Meymac,         G.  =  6'94    3'74    89'75       2'76      0'55    0'53    0'35      tr.     073      0'57      0'25    0'37      0'20  =  99'80. 

2.  "  G.  =7-26    4-15    87'50       3'55      0'44    0'50    0'55    0'07    0'8U      1-25      0'22    0'20      0'30  =99-53. 

3.  "  G.  =7-08    5-35    86'90       3'02      0'40    0'43    0'38    005    0'65      T20      0'13    0'14      MO  =  99'75. 

4.  San  Luis,        G.  =7'59    7'00    90'10       1'80,  SO3  0'27,  gangne  0'30  =  99'47. 

5.  Pond's  Creek  5'43    76-06     [11 -84],  SiO2  4'69,  A12O3  (Fe2O3  tr.)  1-98  =  100. 

6.  Neudstadtel,  G.  =  6-20    2'91    95'90       1 -04  =  99-85. 

[These  analyses  show  a  wide  variation,  due  chiefly,  without  doubt,  to  the  impurity  of 
the  material  analyzed.  Frenzel's  mineral  is  rather  near  the  bismutosphaerite  of  Weisbach, 
which  last  seems  to  be  distinct  from  the  other  minerals  ;  if  the  loss  (see  anal.)  is  not  water, 
it  is  an  anhydrous  carbonate.] 

The  bismuth  carbonate  described  by  Yogi  as  occurring  at  Joachimsthal  (Min.,  p.  717, 
753  A),  since  called  WALTHERITE,  includes,  according  to  Bertrand  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  58, 
1881)  two  species,  the  one  brown,  the  other  green,  optically  unlike. 

BlSMUTOFERBITE. — App.  I.,  p.  3  J   II.,  p.  7. 

Bjelkite.— See  Cosalite,  p.  81. 
Blackmorite.— See  Opal,  p.  86. 

BLENDE. — See  Sphalerite,  p.  111. 

• 

BLODITE,  Min.,  p.  643  ;  App.  II.,  p.  8. — Cryst..  Pendsehab,  India,  Schimper,  Z.  Kryst., 
i,  71,  1877. 

Occurrence  at  Ischl,  Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  97. 

Blomstrandite.    Lindstrom,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  162,  1874. 

Massive.  H.  =  5-5.  Gr.  =  4'17-4'25.  Lustre  vitreous.  Color  black.  Powder  coffee 
brown.  Opaque,  only  translucent  in  very  thin  splinters. 


Cb205  Ta205  TiO?     UO    FeO       CaO    H2O 

1.  49-76         10-71    23-68    3'33       3'45    7  96,    MgO  0'16,  A12O3  O'll,  MnO  0'04,  precip.  by  H2S  0'12  =  99'32. 

2.  6077~~  23-37    3'39        3'04    8'17,*  MgO  tr.  MnO  0'06,  precip.  by  H2S  0'20  =  99. 

*  At  100°  2-78  (in  another  trial  2'65),  above  100°  5"39. 

The  atomic  ratio  of  R  :  Cb,  Ti  =  1 : 2;5,  and  for  Ti  :  Cb  =  1  :  2 -75.  B.  B.  fuses  with 
difficulty.  Gives  off  water  in  the  closed  tube.  With  borax  in  0.  F.  a  reddish  yellow,  on  cool- 
ing a  yellow  bead  ;  in  R.  F.  reddish  brown.  With  salt  of  phosphorus  in  0.  F.  a  red 
brown  bead  when  hot,  and  yellow  when  cold  ;  in  R.  F.  reddish  yellow  hot,  and  green 
cold. 

Found  very  sparingly  with  nohlite  (App.  II.,  p.  41)  in  a  feldspar  quarry,  at  Nohl,  Sweden. 
Named  for  Prof.  C.  W.  Blomstrand  of  Lund.  [Apparently  distinct  from  other  known 
minerals  of  this  group,  but  needs  further  examination.] 

Bolivite.  Domeylco,  6th  App.  Min.  Chili,  p.  19,  1878.  Described  in  some  detail  as  a 
bismuth  oxysulphide,  Bi2O3  with  Bi2S3.  It  is  derived  from  the  oxidation  of  the  sulphide 
bismuthinite,  and  is  of  very  uncertain  composition.  The  description  would  apply  to  a  mix- 


APPENDIX   III. 


17 


ture  of  the  oxide  with  the  original  sulphide,  which  is  enclosed  in  it.  and  it  is  very  improb- 
able that  they  are  in  chemical  combination.  The  uncertain  character  of  the  mineral  seems 
to  have  been  later  accepted  by  Domeyko,  for  in  the  3d  Ed.  of  his  Mineralogy  (1879,  p.  304) 
the  occurrence  is  only  mentioned  briefly,  and  without  any  name.  Locality,  mines  of  Tazna, 
in  the  province  of  Choroloque,  Bolivia. 

BOMBICCITE. — App.  II.,  p.  8. 

BORACITE,  Min.,  p.  595;  App.  II..  p.  8. — The  question  as  to  the  true  explanation  of  the 
long  recognized  "optical  anomalies"  of  boracite  has  been  recently  discussed  by  Mallard, 
Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  93,  1876;  and  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii.,  147;  E.  Geinitz,  J.  Min.,  1876, 
484;  1877,  394;  Baumhauer,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  337,  1879;  Klein,  J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  209;  1881, 
i.,  239. 

Geinitz  shows  that  (contrary  to  the  earlier  explanation)  unaltered  boracite  is  anisotropic ; 
Mallard  makes  the  species  pseudo-isometric,  explaining  the  optical  phenomena  by  the 
grouping  of  twelve  orthorhombic  individuals  (as  remarked  by  Klein  this  hypothesis  was 
proposed  by  Hartmann  in  1826).  Baurnhauer  reaches  a  conclusion  somewhat  similar  to  that 
of  Mallard  on  the  basis  of  the  results  of  etching  experiments.  Klein,  however,  seems  to 
settle  the  question  conclusively  in  favor  of  the  true  isometric  character  of  the  species.  He 
shows,  for  example,  that  the  interior  optical  structure  does  not  .correspond  to  the  exterior 
planes;  that  the  distribution  of  the  etching  figures  does  not  depend  on  the  interior  optical 
limits ;  and  further,  that  upon  an  increase  of  temperature  the  former  optical  limits  dis- 
appear or  become  indistinct,  and  that  the  optical  fields  change  their  position  without  affect- 
ing the  form  of  the  etching  figures.  He  concludes  that  all  the  optical  anomalies  can  be 
explained  by  the  internal  tension  produced  in  the  course  of  the  growth  of  the  crystal. 

BORAX. — Min.,  p.  597;  App.  II.,  p.  8. 

BORDOSITE. — See  Amalgam,  p.  4;  also  App.  II.,  p.  8. 

BORNITE,  Min.,  p.  94;  App.  II.,  p.  8. — Analyses  from  Swedish  localities  quoted  by  Cleve, 
Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  526,  1875.  Relation  to  magnetite  discussed,  Nordenstrom,  ib.,  iv., 
341,  1878. 

BOULANGERITE. — Min.,  p.  99;  App.  II.,  p.  8. 

BOURXONITE,  Min.,  p.  96;  App.  II.,  p.  8. — Cryst.  Przibram  and  Waldenstein,  v.  Ze- 
pharovich,  Lotos,  1876  (J.  Min.,  1876,  555,  556).  Nagyag,  vom  Rath,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  602, 
1877.  Horhausen,  etc.,  Groth,  Min.-Samml.  Strassbiirg,  p.  61,  1878.  Neudorf,  Harz, 
v.  Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  viii.,  123,  1881. 

Anal.,  Przibram,  Helmhacker,  Min.  Mitth.,  1875,  86. 

BOUSSINGAULTITE,  Min.,  p.  635;  App.  II.,  p.  8. — A  related  salt  analyzed  by  Goldsmith, 
Proc,  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1876,  264. 

BOWENITE,  Min.,  p.  465.— From  New  Zealand,  Berwerth,  Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  Ixxx.,  116, 1879. 

Bowlingite.     J.  B.  Hannay,  Min.  Mag.,  i.,  154,  1877. 

Massive,  consisting  of  minute  crystals.  Soft,  feel  like  steatite.  G.  —  2 '282-2  290. 
Color  deep  green.  In  thin  sections'  semi-transparent.  Analyses:  1,  2,  3,  4,  Hannay;  5, 
Young,  Trans.  Geol.  Soc.  Glasgow,  ii.,  212: 

1.  Bowling    G.  -  2-282 

2. 

3.   Cuthbin    G.  =  2  29 

4. 

5.  Cathcart 

Analysis  5,  by  Young,  is  said  to  have  been  made  on  the  same  material  as  that  examined 
by  Hannay!  Found  at  Bowling,  near  Dumbarton,  on  the  Clyde,  and  from  the  Cuthbin  hills, 


Si02 

A1203 

Fe,03 

FeO 

MgO 

CaC03 

H20 

34-32 

18-07 

3-65 

6-81 

9-57 

5-14 

22-70 

— 

10026. 

35-08 

16-85 

3-92 

6-95 

10-22 

4-89 

21-85 

=s 

99-76. 

35-66 

1509 

5-22 

702 

12-41 

5-02 

19-89 

— 

100*31. 

35-82 

16-14 

4-85 

6-99 

11-73 

4-87 

1963 

— 

100-03. 

31  95 

15-40 



21-40 

20-95 

4-30 

[6.30] 

— 

100-00. 

18  APPENDIX  in. 


Scotland,  where  it  forms  little  veins  in  dolerite,  being  intimately  associated  with  chryso- 
lite, from  which  it  may  have  been  formed.     Heddle  (Trans.  Soc.  Edinb.,  xxix.,  97,  1879), 
f'.ves  two  analyses  of  the  original  mineral,  of  which  the  following  is  one:   Si02  38*08, 
Io03  6-26,  Fe203  4'36,  FeO  4'97,  MnO  0'23,  CaO  297,  MgO  21  -46,  K.,0  0'95,  Na,0  (HI, 
H20  20-48  =  99-97  (H20  at  100°,   12'31).      He  concludes  that   Hannay's  analyses  were 
erroneous,  and  that  the  mineral  is  really  a  saponite.     [The  describer  suggests  a  doubt  as  to 
the  purity  of  the  original  material,  which  is  a  suggestion  the  accuracy  of  which  no  one 
will  question.] 

Brackebuschite.— See  Des  Cloizite,  p.  36. 

BRAUNITE,  Min.,  p.  163. — Anal.,  Nagpur,  India,  F.  R.  Mallet,  Rec.  G-eol.  Surv.  India, 
xii.,  73,  1879.  See  also  Pyrolusite,  p.  99. 

Bravaisite.    E.  Mallard,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  5,  1878. 

Orthorhombic  (on  optical  grounds) ;  in  thin  layers  and  schistose  masses  consisting  of  fine 
crystalline  fibres,  mostly  parallel  in  position.  H.  —  1-2.  G.  —  2'6.  Color  gray  to  greenish 
gray.  Double  refraction  negative,  strong;  2  Ea  =  40°.  Unctuous  to  the  touch.  Paste- 
like  when  wet.  Analysis : 

Si02          Al20s        Fco03        CaO         MgO         KnO  H.,0 

51-4  18-9  4-0  2-0  3-3  6-5  13'3  =  99-4. 

The  formula  deduced,  after  the  deduction  of  the  iron  as  due  to  the  presence  of  pyrites, 
is  R2  [Al2]2Bi902B  +  8  aq.  B.  B.  fuses  easily  to  a  white  glass.  In  the  closed  tube  gives 
off  water  and  becomes  brown.  Partially  attacked  by  acids.  Found  in  layers  in  the  coal 
and  bituminous  schists  of  Noyant  (Allier  Dept.),  France.  Named  after  the  French  crystal- 
lographer  M.  Bravais.  [Near  some  varieties  of  glauconite.] 

BREISLAKITE,  Min.,  p.  216.  According  to  v.  Lasaulx  (J.  Min.,  1878,  380),  to  be  referred 
to  amphibole  instead  of  to  pyroxene. 

BREUNERITE,  Min.,  p.  686.— Cryst.,  v.  XoJcscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  vii.,  181,  221,  1878. 

BROCHANTITE,  Min.,  p.  664;  App.  II.,  p.  9. — Optical  properties  determined  (orthorhom- 
bic?),  Bertrand,  Bull  Soc.  Min.,  iii.,  56,  1880. 

From  Pisco,  Peru,  anal,  by  Mannington,  Sepimons,  Min.  Mag.,  iv.,  259,  1881. 
Made  artificially,  Meunier,  C.  R.,  Ixxxvi.,  686,  1878. 

BRONZITE,  Min.,  p.  208;  App.  II.,  p.  9. — Anal.,  Dun  Mt.,  New  Zealand,  Hilger,  J.  Min., 
1879,  129. 

BROOKITE,  Min.,  p.  164;  App.  II.,  p.  9.— Mallard  (Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  134,  1876), 
regards  the  three  forms  of  titanium  dioxide — brookite,  octahedrite,  and  rutile— as  having  the 
same  primitive  form  (monoclinic),  and  argues  that  the  differences  between  the  species,  in 
the  forms  of  the  crystals  and  in  physical  characters,  are  due  to  the  different  ways  in  which  the 
individuals  are  grouped  together.  Schrauf  (Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  Ixxiv.,  535,  1876),  after  an 
extended  study  of  crystals  from  different  localities,  concludes  that  they  are  all  monoclinic 
and  isomorphous  with  wolframite;  he,  however,  distinguishes  among  them  three  types 
varying  in  the  crystallographic  constants  (this  result  was  announced  earlier,  see  App.  II.,  p.  9 ; 
also  J.  Min.,  1877,  800;  1878,  50).  Later  (Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  274,  1877)  he  discusses  the  optical 
characters  of  the  species  in  their  relation  to  the  crystalline  system.  The  conclusions  of 
Schrauf  are  questioned  by  Groth  (Min  -Samml.  Strassburg,  109,  1878),  and  measurements 
by  Bucking  are  quoted  agreeing  with  the  orthorhombic  form.  Voni  Rath  earlier  (1  ogg. 
Ann.,  clviii.,  405,  1876)  found  crystals  from  Atliansk  to  be  orthorhombic. 

See  also  PseudobrooJcite,  p.  97. 

BRUCITE,  Min.,  p.  175;  App.  II.,  p.  9.— Pyro-electrical  properties,  Hanket,  Wied.  Ann., 
vi.,  53,  1879.  Calculation  of  the  indices  of  refraction  by  a  method  based  upon  the  measured 
diameters  of  the  rings  observed  in  the  axial  interference  figures  in  a  plate  of  known  tnicK- 
ness,  Bauer,  Ber.  Ak.  Berlin,  1881,  958. 


APPENDIX  in.  19 

An  anal,  of  a  partially  decomposed  brucite  from  Siebenlehn,  near  Freiberg,  gave  Peter- 
sen:  MgO  38-92,  FeO  18-73,  CO,  7-38,  H20  30-46,  SiO,  4-15,  A1203,  CaO  tr.  =  99  64. 
After  deducting  the  Si02  as  quartz,  and  24-49  p.  c.  hydromagnesite  believed  to  be  present 
as  a  decomposition  product,  and  after  calculating  the  remainder  to  100,  the  result  is  MgO 
3989,  FeO  24-92,  H.,0  35-19  =  100.  This  is  called  EISENBRUCIT.  Sandberger,  J.  Min., 
1880,  ii.,  288. 

Bunsenin. — See  Krennerite,  p.  66. 
BUSTAMENTITE. — App.  II.,  p.  9. 
BYERITE. — App.  II.,  p.  9. 
BYTOWNITE. — App.  II.,  p.  9. 

CABRERITE,  Min.,  p.  561;  App.  II.,  p.  9. — From  zinc  mines,  Laurium,  Greece,  opt. 
exam,  by  Des  Cloizeaux,  showing  isomorphism  with  erythrite ;  anal,  by  Damon?;  corre- 
sponding to  the  formula  R3As20M  +  8  aq. :  As2O5  41-40,  NiO  28'72,  CoO  tr.,  FeO  2-01,  MgO 
4-64,  H20  23-11  =  99-88  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  75,  1878). 

CACHEUTAITE. — App.  II.,  p.  9. 

CACHEUTITE.  Domeyko,  Min.  Chili,  3d  ed.,  p.  402,  1879.  See  App.  II.,  p.  9,  and  Syst. 
Min.,  p.  798. 

CACHOLONG,  Min.,  p.  199;  App.  II.,  p.  9. — Nordenskiold,  (Efv.  Ak.  Stockholm,  xxxi., 
May  13,  1874. 

CACOXENITE,  Min.,  p.  584;  App.  II.,  p.  9. — Anal,  by  Nies  of  a  related  mineral  from  the 
Eleonore  mine,  near  Giessen,  Streng,  J.  Min.,  1881,  i.,  108. 

CALAMINE,  Min.,  p.  407;  App.  II.  p.  9.— Cryst.,  Altenberg,  Seligmann,  Z.  Kryst,  i., 
342,  1877. 

According  to  Pack  (Groth,  Tabell.  Uebers.  Min.,  1882,  p.  84),  unchanged  at  340°  C.,  and 
loses  water  only  at  a  red  heat. 

CALAVERITE,  Min.,  p.  795;  App.  II.,  p.  9. — Anal.,  Keystone  and  Mountain-Lion  mines, 
Colorado,  Genth,  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  Philad.,  xvii.,  117,  1877  (or  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  6):  Te  57'32, 
Au  33-75,  Ag3-03,  V2Oy  005,  FeO  030,  Ala08,  MgO,  etc,  0'55  =  100  (4-96  p.  c.  quartz 
deducted).  Formula  (Au,  Ag)  Te,,,  with  Au  :  Ag  —  7  :  1,  this  requires  Te  57 '93,  Au  39-01, 
Ag3-06.  Occurs  in  small  imperfect  crystals,  imbedded  in  quartz.  H.  =  2'5.  G.  =  9.043. 

See  also  Krennerite,  p.  66. 

CALCITE,  Min.,  p.  670;  App.  II,  p.  9 —Cryst.,  Hessenberg,  Min.  Not,  xii.,  13  et  sea., 
1875.  v.  Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  vii.,  59,  1875.  Brigels,  Tavetsch,  Kloos,  J.  Min.,  1816, 
413.  Yellowstone  Park,  coated  with  quartz  crystals  in  parallel  position,  E.  S.  Dana,  Am 
J.  Bo.,  Ill,  xii.,  448,  1876,  or  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  39.  Ahrenthal,  Tyrol,  vom  Rath,  Pogg.  Ann., 
civ.,  48,  1875;  Elba,  etc.,  Pogg.  Ann,  clviii.,  414,  1876;  Bergen  Hill,  N.  J.,  id.,  Z. 
Kryst,  i,  604,  1877;  Brazil,  twins  (pseudomorph),  id.,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  187,  1878.  Groth, 
JV™  ~  ™"S-  btrassbur£>  P-  H9,  1878.  Reichenstein,  Silesia,  Hare,  Z.  Kryst,  iv.,  299, 
1879.  Bleiberg  v.  Zepharovich,  Lotos,  1878.  Lancashire,  vom  Rath,  Ber.  nied.  Ges. 
Bonn,  Jan.  3,  1881. 

Monograph  with  list  of  observed  and  of  new  planes  on  crystals  from  many  localities, 
Irby,  Inaug.  Diss.,  Bonn,  1878  (Abstr.  in  Z  Kryst ,  iii..  612,  1879) 

Twinning  (~$R)  produced  artificially,  Baumhauer,  Z.  Kryst,  iii.,  588,  1879;  Brezina, 
ID.,  iv.,  olo,  1880. 

Thermo-electric  properties  investigated,  Hankel,  Pogg.  Ann,  clvii.,  156,  1876  On  the 
relation  between  the  different  crystalline  forms,  Scharff,  Abhandl.  Senck.  Ges.,  x  ,  1876; 
Jahresb.  Senck.  Ges,  1879-80,  p.  113. 

Langban,  Sweden,  anal.,    CaC03  87-14,  MnC03   10 "06,  BaC03  204  =  99'24,  Sjogren, 


20  APPENDIX  III. 

Geol.,  For.  Forh.,  iv.,  Ill,  1878.  Lindgren  found  1-09  p.  c.  ZnC03  in  calcite  from  Lang- 
ban,  ib.,  v.,  557,  1881.  Anal  of  so-called  onyx  from  Tecali,  Mexico,  Damour,  C.  R, 
Ixxxii.,  1085,  1876;  Barcena,  Proc.  Am.  Nat  Sc.  Phil.,  1876,  166.  Analyses  of  calcite 
and  other  rhombohedral  carbonates,  Heddle,  Trans.  Acad.  Ed.,  xxvii.,  493,  1876. 

"  Isomorphism  "  with  soda  nitre  and  relation  to  the  other  rhombohedral  carbonates  dis- 
cussed, Tschermak,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  iv.,  99,  1881. 

See  also  Thinotite,  p.  51. 

Calcozincite.  Shepard,  Contrib.  Min.,  Amherst,  1876  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xii.,  231).  A 
substance  described  as  having  a  fine  granular  to  columnar  structure,  light  orange  yellow 
color.  H.  =  35.  G.  =  3-95.  Anal.:  ZnO  81'00,  CaO  7'56,  CO,  5 '80,  EUO  4'26,  MnO 
tr.  =98-62.  Effervesces  slightly  with  acid.  From  Stirling  Hill,  New  Jersey.  [5-8  CO2 
requires  CaO  7 '4  for  CaC03 — the  substance  is  doubtless  a  mechanical  mixture  of  zincite 
and  calcite.] 

CALEDONITE. — Min.,  p.  625;  App.  II.,  p.  10. 
CALLAINITE. — See  Variscite,  p.  128. 

CALOMEL,  Min.,  p.  111.— Cryst.,  El  Doctor,  Mexico,  Websky,  Ber.  Ak.  Berlin,  1877, 
461. 

The  occurrence  of  native  corrosive  sublimate  (HgCl2)  is  reported  by  Besnou  near  Iquique, 
in  the  desert  of  Atacama;  the  determination,  however,  was  based  only  on  some  qualitative 
trials,  Assoc.  Franc.  Adv.  Sc.,  1878,  533. 

Calvonigrite. — See  Pyrolusite,  p.  99. 

CANCRINITE,  Min.,  p.  329  ;  App.  II.,  p.  IQ.—Rau/  (Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  456,  1878)  has  sub- 
jected the  original  cancrinite  of  Miask  to  a  thorough  microscopic  and  chemical  examina- 
tion, and  A.  Koch  (J.  Min.  Beil.  Bd.,  i ,  144,  1880)  has  done  the  same  for  that  occurring  in 
the  syenite  of  Ditro,  Transylvania.  Both  show  that  there  is  every  reason,  both  as  regards 
the  physical  characters  and  the  constancy  of  chemical  composition,  to  consider  the  mineral 
as  an  original  species,  and  not  as  a  decomposition  product  arising  from  the  action  on  nephe- 
lite  of  a  carbonated  sohition.  The  observations  of  Koch  on  the  behavior  of  a  thin  section, 
when  treated  with  HC1,  are  especially  conclusive  as  showing  that  the  COo  is  present,  not  as 
calcite  mechanically  mixed,  but  as  a  true  element  in  the  composition  of  the  silicate. 
Analyses  :  1,  Rauff  ;  2,  Koch  : 

Si02    Alo03    Fe203  CaO    Na20    K20    CO,    H20 

1.  Miask,  G.  =  2-450,  (f)      37'28    28-20    0'44    6'95     17'75    0'20    616    4'03  =  101-01. 

2.  Ditro  38-58    28 -72     tr.      5  -24    12-22    5 -23          8~78        =    9877. 

The  formula  deduced  by  Rauff  is  NaH  rAl2],Si!)034  +  2Ca(Na2)C03  +  3H20,  and  that  of 
Koch  for  the  Ditro  mineral  is  Nar,K2  [A12]S  SinO*,  +  2Ca  (Na2)C03  +  4H20.  Rauff  finds 
the  ratio  in  the  carbonate  of  Ca  :  Na2  =  8:1,  and  Koch  7  :  1. 

CARBONYTTRINE.— App.  II.,  p.  10. 
CARNALLTTE. — Min.,  p.  118  ;  App.  II.,  p.  10. 

CARPHOLITE,  App.  II.,  p.  10;  Min.,  p.  419.— Anal.,  Meuvffle,  Ardennes,  de  Koninck, 
Bull.  Ac.  Belg.,  II.,  xlv.,  15,  1878  ;  xlvii.,  564,  1879. 

Caryinite.    C.  H.  Lundstrom,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  178,  223,  1874. 
Massive.     H.  =  3-3 '5.     G.  =  4-25.     Lustre  greasy.      Color  brown  to  yellowish   brown. 
Streak  yellowish  white.     Fracture  splintery.     Analysis  : 

As20.,         PbO         MnO        FeO        CaO         MgO       C02         Cl        insol. 

47-17        10-52        15-82        0'54        16-40        4'25        3'86        007        06a  =  99'28. 


APPENDIX  III.  21 

This  corresponds,  though  only  approximately,  to  the  general  formula  R3As208,  after 
deducting  the  calcium  carbonate.  B.  B.  fuses  easily  to  a  black  slag,  giving  reactions  for 
arsenic,  lead,  and  manganese.  Dissolves  readily,  with  slight  effervescence  in  nitric  acid. 
Occurs  intimately  mixed  with  -calcite  and  hausmannite,  at  Langban,  Wermland,  Sweden. 
Named  from  uapvivoS,  nut-brown.  Sjogrcn  remarks  that  berzeliite  occurs  with  caryinite, 
and  sometimes  enclosing  it.  He  finds  the  berzeliite  isotropic  (isometric),  and  the  caryinite 
anisotrope  (monoclinic  V),  and  as  the  two  species  have  analogous  composition,  he  suggests 
that  the  former  may  have  been  formed  from  the  latter  (Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  533,  1875).. 
Lindgren  (ib.,  v.,  556,  1881),  however,  describes  the  way  in  which  the  minerals  occur 
together,  and  concludes,  for  certain  cases,  that  the  caryinite  is  altered  into  berzeliite. 
[The  genetic  relation  between  caryinite  and  berzeliite  merits  further  examination.] 

According  to  Des  Cloizeaux  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  56,  1881),  the  mineral  has  two  cleavages, 
at  an  angle  of  130°.  2E  —  41°  58'  to  47°.  Dispersion  p  >  v  ,  also  horizontal  (hence  mono- 
clinic). 

CASSINITE.  —  See  Feldspar  Group,  p.  45. 

CASSITERITE,  Min.,  p.  157;  App.  II.,  p.  10.  —  Cryst.  monograph,  with  a  list  of  all  ob- 
served planes,  also  analysis,  Becke,  Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  244.  Oroth,  Min.-Samml.,  Strass- 
burg,  p.  104,  1878.  Schlaggenwald,  v.  Zepharovich,  Lotos,  1880. 

Occurrence  of  tin  stones  in  Cornwall,  Collins,  Min.  Mag.,  iv.,  1,  103,  1880.  From 
Coosa  Co.,  Ala.,  Shepard,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  xx.,  56,  1880.  From  Tasmania,  Gould,  Q.  J.  G-. 
Soc.,  xxxi.,  109,  18. 

CASTILLITE.  Not  castillite  of  Rammelsberg  (Min.,  p.  46\  but  synonym  of  guanajuatite 
(q.  v.,  p.  53},  DomeyJco,  Min.  Chili,  3d  Ed.,  p.  310,  1879. 

CASTORITE.  —  See  Petalitc,  p.  91. 

CELADONITE,  Min.,  p.  463.—  Analyses,  in  igneous  rocks  of  Scotland,  Neddie,  Trans.  Roy. 
Soc.  Ed.,  xxix.,  102,  1879. 

Celestialite.  J.  Lawrence  Smith,  C.  R.,  Ixxxi.,  10o5,  1875.  On  treating  the  graphite 
from  the  interior  of  the  meteoric  iron  of  Sevier,  Tenn.,  with  cth^r,  Smith  obtained 
small  quantities  of  acicular  crystals  having  a  peculiar  odor,  mixed  with  some  small  rounded 
points.  These  he  regards  as  identical  with  crystals  obtained  from  the  iron  of  Alais,  France 
(Mar.  15,  1806),  by  Roscoe  (Proc.  Lit,  Phil.  Soc.  Manchester,  iii.,  57,  1863).  Smith  has 
obtained  the  same  crystals  from  the  Alais  meteorite.  In  the  closed  tube  he  finds  that  'they 
fuse  at  115°-120°,  and  at  a  higher  temperature  the  sulphur  is  sublimed,  and  a  black  residue 
left  behind.  He  regards  these  crystals  as  proof  of  the  presence  of  a  sulpho-hydrocarbon, 
for  which  he  proposes  the  name  CELESTIALITE.  Roscoe  (1.  c  )  found  that  1  '94  p.  c.  of  the 
meteorite  dissolved  in  ether,  and  from  the  solution  he  obtained  crystals  melting  at  114°  C., 
and  in  two  forms  :  acicular,  which  he  considered  as  near  to  konlite  (Min.,  p.  737),  and 
rhombic,  which  he  identified  as  free  sulphur. 

CELESTITE,  Min.,  p.  619  ;  App.  II.,  p.  10.—  Cryst.,  twins,  Sicily,  Kennqott,  J.  Min.,  1875, 
293.  Neminw  (barytocelestite),  Min.  Mitth.,  1876,  59.  Cryst.  and  optical  exam  ,  Jiihnde, 
near  Gottingen,  Babcock,  J.  Min.,  1879,  835.  Perticara,  Schmidt,  J.  Min.,  1881,  ii.,  169 
rel,  (or  Z.  Kryst.,  vi.,  99).  Ville-sur-Saulx,  v.  Lasaulx,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  203,  1881. 

Effect  of  heat  on  indices  of  refraction,  Arzruni,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  177,  1877.  Pyro-electrical 
characters,  HanM,  Wied.  Ann  ,  vi.,  54,  1879. 

Anal.,  occurrence  in  marl  at  Bristol,  England,  Stoddart,  Min.  Mag.,  i.,  4,  1876.  Clifton, 
England  (barytocelestite),  Collie,  ib.,  ii.,  220,  1879.  Found  at  Bell's  Mills,  Blair  Co.,  Pa. 
(not  Frankstown,  Huntington  Co.).  Recent  formation  at  Bourbon  d'Archambault,  de 
Gouvenain,  C.  R.,  Ixxx.,  1299,  1875. 


1876 


CENTRALLASSITE,  Min>'  p    796-—  Composition  discussed,  How,  Phil.  Mag.,  V.,  i.,  128, 
76. 

CERARCYRITE   Min    p.  114;  App.  II,  p.  10.—  A  mercurial  variety  of  cerargyrite,  from 
the  mine     la  Julia,    of  the  Cerro  de  Caracoles,  Desert  of  Atacama,  is  described  by  Domeyko 


22  APPENDIX  m. 

(Ann.  d.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  15,  1876  ;  or  Min.  Chili,  3d  Ed.,  1879,  p.  416).  Amorphous, 
forming  irregular  masses.  Lustre  waxy,  less  brilliant  than  the  pure  chloride.  Color  on 
the  fresh  fracture  reddish,  yellowish,  or  hair-brown,  becoming  nearly  black  on  exposure. 
Malleable  and  sectile,  but  less  so  than  ordinary  cerargyrite.  Can  be  crushed  in  a  mortar, 
yielding  a  bright  yellowish  powder.  The  mean  of  two  analyses  gave  : 

Hg  Cl  NaCl         FeoO3     SKM'insol.)     CaCOs  and  loss 

2-20  22-64  1-75  1'60  107  [4 -06]     =;     100. 


91-53 

According  to  Moesta,  the  cerargyrite  of  Los  Bordos,  Copiapo,  contains  1  '31  p.  c.  of  mer- 
cury. 

CERBOLITE. — App.  II.,  p.  10. 

CERITE,  Min.,  p.  413  ;  App.  II.,  p.  10. — Anal,  by  Stolbaand  Kettner,  of  cerite  from  Bast- 
nas,  giving:  Si02  18-18,  Ce2O3  33'25,  La203  +  Di203  34'60,  FeO  318,  CaO  1'69,  II20  5 '18  = 
96-08,  Ber.  Bohin.  Ges.,  p.  372,  1879. 

CERUSSITE,  Min.,  p.  700  ;  App.  II.,  p.  11. — Cryst.,  twins,  Sadebeck,  Pogg.  Ann.,  clvi., 
558,  18 15.  Groth,  Min.-Samml.,  Strassburg,  p.  138,  1878.  Rodna,  Transylvania,  Vrba, 
Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  157,  1878  ;  Krenner,  ib.,  ii.,  304.  Mine  Friedrichssegen,  near  Ems,  Nassau, 
Seligmann,  Verh.  Nat.  Ver.  Bonn,  xxxiii.,  244,  1876,  and  xxxv.,  175,  1878  ;  also  J.  Min., 
1880,  i.,  137.  Bleiberg,  v.  Zepharovich,  Lotos,  1878. 

Recent  formation  at  Pompeii,  de  Luca,  C.  Ii.,  Ixxxiv.,  1457,  1877. 

CERVANTITE,  Min.,  p.  187. — Occurrence  in  Sevier  Co.,  Ark.,  Dunnington,  Amer.  Assoc., 
1877,  182. 

CHABAZITE,  Min.,  p.  434;  App.  II.,  p.  11. — Becfa  has  studied  minutely  the  optical 
characters  of  chabazite  crystals  from  different  localities,  and  concludes  that  the  long 
recognized  optical  anomalies  are  to  be  explained  by  the  assumption  of  a  complicated  twin- 
ning of  triclinic  individuals ;  this  twinning,  however,  is  according  to  the  accepted  princi- 
ples (analogous  to  aragonite),  and  does  not  require  any  new  hypothesis  as  that  of  Mal- 
lard. He  finds,  for  example,  that  a  basal  section  in  polarized  light  shows  a  composi- 
tion of  six  differently  orientired  individuals,  of  which  the  extinction  directions  of  two 
neighboring  portions  are  symmetrically  arranged  with  reference  to  the  line  of  union.  A 
section  parallel  to  a  rhombohedral  plane,  under  the  same  conditions,  is  divided  into  two 
parts  along  the  shorter  diagonal.  For  further  details  see  the  original  paper  (Min.  Petr. 
Mitth.,  ii.,  391,  1879),  or  the  abstracts  (Z.  Kryst,,  v.,  377,  and  J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  135). 
Streng  (see  below)  also  discusses  the  same  problem,  but  without  arriving  at  so  definite  a 
conclusion.  BecJce  finds  gmelinite  related  in  structure  to  chabaaite,  while  herschelitc(<|.  v.) 
differs  from  both,  and  to  the  latter  levynite  is  probably  related.  Des  Cloizeaux  (Bull. 
Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  259,  1881)  has  examined  optically  the  haydenite  of  Baltimore,  double- 
refraction  positive. 

Discussion  of  chemical  composition  with  several  analyses  (bv  Burkhardt  and  Hammers- 
chlag),  Streng,  Bcr.  Oberhess.  Ges.,  xvi.,  74,  1877  (abstr.,  Z.  Kryst,,  i.,  519,  1877);  he 
shows  the  variation  in  composition  (e.  g.  of  4 -4  p.  c.  in  SiO...),  and  argues  from  it  that  this 
and  the  related  species  (phacolite,  gmelinite,  levynite)  may  be  regarded  as  varying 
isomorphous  mixtures  of  two  end  compounds,  as  has  been  assumed  in  the  case  of  the 
triclinic  feldspars. 

Anal.,  Csodiberg,  Hungary,  Kocli,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxviii.,  304,  1876.  Lausanne,  in  a 
gelatinous  condition  (Bischoff),  Renevier,  Bull.  Soc.  Vaud.,  II.,  xvi.,  15,  1879.  Branch- 
ville,  Conn.  (Penfield),  Brush  and  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  xviii.,  49,  1879!  Elba.  Sansoni,  Att. 
Soc.  Tosc.,  iv.,  316,  1879. 

Recent  formation  at  Bourbonne-les-Bains,  Daubree,  C.  R.,  Ixxx.,  606,  1875;  at  Oran, 
Algiers,  ib.,  Ixxxiv.,  157,  1877. 

CHALCOCITE,  Min.,  p.  52. — Recent  formation  at  Bourbonne-les-Bains,  Daubree,  C.  R., 
Ixxx ,  462,  1875;  see  also  xciii.,  572,  1861. 


APPENDIX  m.  23 

Chalcomenite,  Des  Cloizeaux  and  Damour,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  51,  1881. 

Monoclinic;  in  isolated  crystals  and  crystalline  crusts.  1  A  1  =  108°  20'.  0  A  »-»  = 
89°  9'.  Commonly  in  prismatic  crystals  terminated  by  the  basal  plane  and  1-t.  Optic 
axial  plane  parallel,-  and  acute  (negative)  bisectrix  perpendicular,  to  the  horizontal  edge 
0  I  i-i  Angle  small,  dispersion  strong  p  <  v ;  so  that  in  the  polariscope  with  a  green  glass 
the  lemniscates  have  the  form  of  circular  rings  traversed  by  a  black  cross,  while  with  a  blue 
g.lass  they  take  the  form  of  ellipses  elongated  normal  to  the  plane  of  polarization.  G.  = 
3-76.  Color  bright  blue.  Transparent.  Analysis,  Damour  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  167, 1881): 

SeOa  CuO  H2O 

48-12  35-40  15-30  =  98-82. 

Corresponding  to  the  formula  CuSe03  +  2aqor  a  copper  selenite,  an  example  of  a  group 
of  compounds  not  before  met  with  in -mineralogy.  B.  B.  on  charcoal  fuses  to  a  black  slag, 
giving  off  selenium  fumes,  and  coloring  the  flame  deep  blue.  In  the  closed  tube  yields  a 
little  water  and  a  sublimate  of  Se02  in  white  needles.  In  salt  of  phosphorus  gives  in  0.  F. 
a  greenish  blue  glass,  which  becomes  blood-red  when  reduced  with  the  addition  of  metallic 
tin.  Soluble  in  acids. 

Occurs  in  minute  crystals  in  the  various  selenides  of  silver,  copper,  and  lead,  which  are 
found  in  small  veins;  Cerro  de  Cacheuta,  Mendoza,  Argentine  Republic.  Often  inti- 
mately mixed  with  azurite,  iron  oxide,  and  lead  carbonate,  which  have  been  formed  by  the 
alteration  of  the  selenides  and  of  the  pyrites  which  form  the  gangue. 

MM.  Friedel  and  Sarasin  have  succeeded  in  forming  artificially  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  176, 
225, 1881) a  copper  selenite  hiving  the  same  form  and  composition  as  chalcomenite,  and 
another  differing  in  crystalline  form. 

CHALCOMICLITE. — App.  II.,  p.  11. 
CHALCOMORPI-IITE. — App.  II.,  p.  11. 

Chalcophanite.     G.  E.  Moore,  Amer.  Chemist,  July,  1875. 

Rhombohedral;  in  druses  of  minute  tabular  crystals.  R  A  R  =  114°  30',  R/\0=: 
103°  48';  c—  3*5267.  Also  in  foliated  aggregates';  in  stalactitic  and  plumose  forms. 
Cleavage  basal  perfect.  H.  =  25.  G.  =  3 -907.  Lustre  metallic,  brilliant.  Color  bluish 
to  iron  black.  Streak  chocolate  brown,  dull.  Opaque.  Flexible  in  thin  laminae.  Analyses: 
1,  of  crystals;  2,  of  the  stalactitic  form: 

MnO,           MnO                ZnO            Feo03  H,0 

1.            59-94           658           (j)21'70            0-25  11-58  =  100-05. 

2.*     (3)61-57  4-41  20-80  12-66  =   99-44. 

*  After  deduction  of  1'27  p.  c.  limonite  as  impurity. 

Formula  (Mn,  Zn)  0  +  2Mn02  +  2aq.     If  half  the  water  be  made  basic,  the  formula  may 

be  written  2  (R  +  R)  O3  +  aq,  which  is  equivalent  to  2  [R,]  O3  +  aq.  In  the  closed  tube 
gives  off  water  and  oxygen,  exfoliates  slowly,  and  changes  to  a  golden  bronze  color.  B.  B. 
becomes  yellowish  bronze  to  copper  red  in  color,  and  fuses  slightly  on  the  edges.  With 
borax  a  manganese  bead ;  on  charcoal  with  soda  a  zinc  coating. 

Occurs  at  the  calamine  deposits  of  Sterling  Hill,  N.  J.  It  is  a  product  of  the  decom- 
position of  franklinite.  Named  from  ^«A«o?,  brass,  and  (paiva>,  to  appear,  in  allusion  to 
the  change  of  color  on  ignition. 

CHALCOPYRITE,  Min.,  p.  65;  App.  II.,  p.  11.— Oryst.,  v.  KokscJiarof,  Bull,  Soc.  St.  Pet., 
xix.,  562,  1875.  With  tetrahedrite  in  parallel  position,  Sadebeck,  Ber.  Ges.  Nat.  Fr. 
Berlin,  Oct.,  1878  (J.  Min.,  1879,  154).  Groth,  Min.-Samml.,  Strassburg,  p.  53,  1878. 

Recent  formation  at  Bourbonne-les-Bains,  Daubree,  C.  R.,  Ixxx.,  463,  1875;  do.  at  Bour- 
bon d'Archambault,  de  Oouvenain,  ib.,  p.  1297. 

CHALCOPYRRHOTITE. — App.  II.,  p.  11. 


APPENDIX  m. 


CHALCOSIDERITE.  Maskelyne  (J.  Ch.  Soc.,  July,  1875)  identifies  a  mineral  from  Corn- 
wall with  the  chalcosiderite  of  Ullmann,  and  shows  it  to  be  a  distinct  species,  and  not  to  be 
united  with  dufrenite  (see  Min.,  p.  583).  Occurs  in  minute  triclinic  crystals,  generally  in 
sheaf -like  groups.  Cleavage  easy  in  one  direction.  H.  =4 '5.  G.  =  3*108.  Color  light 
siskin  green.  Analysis,  Flight  (1.  c.) : 


P205          Aso05         Feo03          A1203          CuO  H-O*          U203 

29-93  0-61  42-81  4-45  8-15  15-00  tr.  =  100-95. 

*  Loss  at  100°  C.  0-46,  at  120°-130°  additional  loss  0'13  ;  remainder  at  a  red  heat. 

Composition  expressed    by  the  formula  2  [Fe2]  P208  +  [Fea]  IIoO(i  +  CuIIaOa  +  4aq. 
Implanted  on  andrewsite  at  the  West  Phoenix  mine,  Cornwall. 

CHALYPITE. — App.  II.,  p.  11. 

CHILDRENITE,  Min.,  p.  579;  App.  II.,  p.  11. — Tavistock,  Cornwall,  analyses  by  S.  L.  Pen- 
field,  Am.  J.  Sc.  III.,  xix.,  315,  1880: 


P205 
30-19 
29-98 


A1203 
2117 
21-44 


FeO 
26-54 
26-20 


MnO 

4-87 


CaO 
1-21 


H20 

15-87 


Quartz. 
010  =  99-95. 


Penfield  removes  the  doubt  as  to  the  true  composition  of  childrenite,  the  formula  deduced 
being  R2AloP.,010,  4H20  or  A12P20«  +  2RH202  4-  2aq.  This  requires  P205  30-80,  Al.,03 
22-31,  FeO  26'37,  MnO  4'87,  H20  15*65.  It  also  follows  from  this  that  childrenite  and 
eosphorite  (see  below)  are  essentially  the  same  species. 

CHILDRENITE — EOSPHORITE.      G.  J.  Brush  and  E.  S.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sci.,  III.,  xvi.,  35, 

1878;  xviii.,  47,  1879. 

Orthorhombic.  Axes,  c  :  b  :  a  =  0-68299  :  1-28732  :  1.  Observed  planes  (see  figure) :  i-l(a), 
i-4  (b\  I,  i-2  (g),  1  (p),  f-1  (q),  2-2  (a).  1  A  /=  104°  19',  p^p 
(front)  =  133°  33',  p  A  p  (side)  =  118°  58',  a  A  p  —  120°  31.  In 
prismatic  crystals  vertically  striated.  Also  more  generally  mass- 
ive, cleavable  to  closely  compact.  Cleavage :  macrodiagonal  nearly 
perfect. 

H.  =  5.  G.  =  3 "11-3-145.  Lustra  vitreous  to  sub-resinous,  of 
massive  mineral  often  greasy.  Color  rose-pink,  yellowish  to  color- 
less, also  of  compact  forms  grayish,  bluish,  yellowish  white,  and 
white.  Streak  white.  Transparent  to  translucent.  Fracture 
uneven  to  subconchoidal.  Optic  axial  plane  macrodiagonal ;  acute 
bisectrix  negative,  normal  to  brachypinacoid.  Axial  angle  in  air 
54°  30'  red,  60°  30'  blue.  Axial  colors  yellowish  (\\b),  deep  pink 
(||o),  faint  pink  to  nearly  colorless  (||i). 

Composition:  R2AlaPaOJOj  4H20  or  A12P208  +  2RH202  +  2aq. 
If  R  =  Mn  :  Fe  =  10  :  3,  percentage  composition:  P205  3093, 

A1203  23-35,  FeO  7 '24,  MnO  23 '80,  H-,0  15-68  =  100.     Analyses:  1,  S.  L.  Penfield  (Am. 

J.  Sc.,  xvi.,  40),  pure  crystals,  G.  =3'134;    2,  II.   L.  Wells  (xvi.,  41),  white  compact 

mineral,  containing  14 '41  p.  c.  impurities,  mostly  quartz,  here  deducted;  3,  H.  L.  Wells 

(xviii.,  48),  pink  massive  mineral,  G.  =8*11. 


P205  Alo08  FeO  MnO  CaO  Na2O 

1.  (1)31-05  22-19  7-40  23'51  0'54  0'33 

2.  31-43  21-83  6'84  22'43  3 -01  .... 

3.  31-39  21-34  G'62  22-92  1'48      


H90 

15-60  =  100-62,  Penfield. 

15-07  =  100-61,  Wells. 

15-28,      insol.  1-46  =.  100-49,  Wells. 


In  the  closed  tube  decrepitates,  whitens,  gives  off  abundance  of  neutral  water,  and  the 
residue  turns  first  black,  then  gray,  and  finally  liver  brown  with  a  metallic  lustre,  and 
becomes  magnetic.  B.  B.  in  the  'forceps  cracks  open,  sprouts  and  whitens,  colors  the 
flame  pale  green,  and  fuses  at  about  4  to  a  black  magnetic  mass.  Reacts  for  iron  and 
manganese  with  the  fluxes.  Soluble  in  acids. 

Occurs  at  Branchville,  Fairfield  Co.,  Conn.,  in  a  vein  of  pegmatite  associated  with  rhodo- 


APPENDIX  III.  25 

chrosite  and  the  manganesian  phosphates,  triploidite,  dickinsonite,  lithiophilite.  Also  as 
imbedded  nodules  (anal.  3,  above),  in  a  massive  green  chloritic  mineral.  The  massive 
mineral  (anal.  2,  above,  G.  =  2 '92-3  "08)  often  impure  from  the  presence  of  quartz,  dickin- 
sonite, and  apatite.  Named  from  £&)6(popo$  (synonym  of  q)Go<5q)6po^,)  which  means 
dawn-bearing,  in  allusion  to  the  characteristic  pink  color. 

[Since  the  hitherto  uncertain  composition  of  childrenite  (q.  v.)  has  been  settled  by  Pen- 
field,  it  appears  that  eosphorite  and  childrenite,  having  similar  form  and  composition,  are 
essentially  the  same  mineral,  only  differing  in  that  the  first  contains  mostly  manganese  and 
the  second  mostly  iron.] 

Chloralluminite.  Scacchi,  Att.  Accad.  Napoli,  vi.  (read  Dec.  13,  1873).  Aluminum 
chloride  (AL2C16  +  #H2O),  produced  with  molisite  and  chloromagnesite,  at  Vesuvius,  at  the 
eruption  of  April,  1872. 

CHLORASTROLITE. — See  Prehnite,  p.  96. 

CHLORITE.  Pseudomorph  after  garnet,  Lake  Superior,  Pumpetty,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  x.,  17, 
1875. 

Chemical  monograph  of  the  "  Chlorite  Group/'  Heddle,  Trans.  Boy.  Soc.  Ed.,  xxix., 
55  et  seq.,  1879. 

CHLORITOID,  Min.,  p.  504.— See  Clintonite,  p.  28. 

CHLOROCALCITE,  App.  II.,  p.  11. — Scacchi,  Att.  Accad.  Napoli,  vi.,  1873. 

Calcium  chloride,  from  Guy's  Cliff,  Warwickshire,  Spiller,  J.  Ch.  Soc.,  p.  154,  Feb., 
1876.  Calcium  chloride,  more  or  less  mixed  with  clay,  has  been  identified  in  the  Province 
of  Tarapaca,  of  Chincha,  and  elsewhere  in  Peru,  by  Raimondi  (Min.  Perou,  p.  267,  1878)  ; 
it  was  called  HYDROPHILITE  by  Adam. 

Chloromagnesite.  Scacchi,  Att.  Accad.  Napoli,  vi.,  1873.  Magnesium  chloride  (MgCl2 
+  zaq),  formed  at  Vesuvius  at  the  eruption  of  April,  1872. 

A  mineral,  apparently  identical  with  that  of  Scacchi,  has  been  called  BISCHOFITE  by 
Ochsenius  and  Pfeiffer,  Arch.  Pharm.,  III.,  xi.,  296,  1877  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  128,  1878, 
and  Jahresb.  Ch.,  1877,  f284,  1285).  Crystalline-granular  and  foliated,  sometimes  fibrous. 
H.  =  1-2.  G.  =  1  '65.  Colorless  (pure)  to  white.  Lustre  vitreous  to  dull.  Mean  of  two 
analyses  by  Konig  gave  :  Mg  11 '86,  Cl  35 '04,  H20  53'10  =  100;  this  corresponds  to  MgCl2 
+  6aq,  requiring  Mg  11 -83,  Cl  34'95,  H20  53-22.  Soluble  in  0'6  parts  of  cold  water. 
Occurs  in  layers  2-3  cm.  thick  in  halite,  with  kieserite  and  carnallite,  fibres  transverse  to 
the  layers ;  Leopoldshall,  Prussia.  The  assumption  of  water  is  said  to  commence  as  soon 
as  the  layer  is  exposed  to  the  air.  The  artificial  salt  is  monoclinic. 

CHLOROPAL,  Min.,  p.  461. — Anal.,  Mugrau,  Bohemia,  Schrauf,  J.  Min.,  1877,  255. 
Mudgee,  New  South  Wales,  Liversidge,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  Nov.  3,  1880.  A  re- 
lated mineral  from  Sweden,  Weibutt,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  v.,  627,  1881. 

Composition  of  related  minerals  discussed,  Collins,  Min.  Mag.,  i.,  67,  1877. 

CHLOROPH^EITE,  Min.,  p.  510.— Anal.,  from  the  Scuir  More  ridge,  in  Rum,  Scotland, 
Heddle  (Trans.  Soc.  Edinb.,  xxix.,  84, 1879):  SiOo  36-00,  Fe203  22-80,  FeO  2'46,  MnO  0-50, 
CaO  2-52,  MgO  9  50,  alkalies  tr.,  H20  26'46  =  100'25  (H20  at  100°  19'23). 

Chlorothionite,  Scacchi,  Att.  Accad.  Napoli,  vi.,  1873  (Contrib.  Min.,  ii.,  p.  59). 

Occurs  in  thin  crystalline  mammillary  crusts  of  a  bright  blue  color.  An  analysis  gave  : 
S04  32-99,  Cl  20-04,'  Cti  19'56,  K  26-29,  loss  112  =  100.  Crystals  obtained  by  recrystalli- 
zation  from  a  solution,  and  thus  purer  than  the  original  material,  gave  essentially  the  same 
result.  The  composition  is  expressed  by  the  formula  K2S04  +  CuCl2,  which  requires  : 
S04  31-12,  Cl  22-98,  Cu  20-55,  K  25'35  =  100.  From  Vesuvius,  as  a  result  of  the  eruption 
of  April,  1872.  The  name  records  the  presence  of  chlorine  and  sulphur  (Setov).  [Is  not 
this  a  mixture  of  two  salts  ?J.  \ 


26  APPENDIX  III. 

Chlorotile.    Frenzel,  Min.  Mitth.,  1875,  42  ;  J.  Min.,  1875,  517. 

In  minute  capillary  crystals  of  prismatic  habit  (orthorhombic),  also  fibrous  and  massive  ; 
soft.  Color  in  the  mass  pale  green  to  emerald  green,  microscopic  crystals  colorless.  Trans- 
parent. Composition  asserted  to  be  Cu3As2Otl  +  6aq  ;  an  approximate  analysis  gave  : 
Aso05  41,  CuO  41,  H2O  18  =  100.  Occurs  with  aragonite  and  wappleritc,  at  Schnceberg, 
and  with  quartz  and  scheelite  at  Zinnwald.  [A  more  complete  description  is  to  be  desired.] 

CHONDRODITE,  Min.,  p.  363  ;  App.  II.,  p.  12. — Cryst.,  Brewster,  N.  Y.,  monogriph  by 
E.  S.  Dana,  proving  the  presence  of  crystals  corresponding  to  each  of  the  so-called  "types  " 
of  the  Vesuvian  humite  ;  also  giving  measurements  and  many  occurring  planes.  Further, 
it  is  shown,  that  the  optical  characters  of  the  crystals  of  the  more  common  ' '  second  type  " 
prove  them  to  be,  in  fact,  monoclinic :  the  axes  lie  in  the  plane  of  symmetry,  axial  plane  in- 
clined 25°  48'  to  the  basal  plane,  2Hap  =  88°  48'  (n  =  1'466),  Conn.  Acad.,  iii.,  67-96,  1875 
(abstr.  in  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  x.,  89).  It  has  also  been  proved  by  the  same  author,  that  the 
crystals  of  the  "third  type"  belong  to  the  monoclinic  system  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xi.,  189, 
1876).  The  measured  'angles  alone,  however,  would  not  imply  any  variation  from  the 
orthorhombic  type,  although  it  has  long  been  observed  that  the  hemihedral  development  of 
the  planes  was  in  accordance  with  monoclinic  symmetry. 

The  corresponding  Vesuvian  species,  HUMITE,  has  been  studied  by  DCS  Cloizeaux  (Phil. 
Mag.  III.,  ii.,  286,  1876,  and  iii.,  357,  1877;  or  see  J.  Min.,  1876,  641  ;  1877,  500)  and 
by  Klein  (J.  Min.,  1876,  633).  Des  Cloizeaux  finds  the  three  types  of  humite  to  be  optically 
distinct,  and  proposes  to  retain  for  the  "  first  type,"  which  lie  shows  to  be  orthorhombic, 
the  name  HUMITE  ;  for  the  "  second  type,"  which  he  finds  to  be  monoclinic,  he  retains  the 
name  CHONDRODITE,  and  to  the  "third  type,"  also  monoclinic,  he  gives  the  name  CLINO- 
HUMITE  (the  observations  on  the  second  and  third  tyoes  confirm  those  of  E.  S.  Dana  on 
Brewster  crystals).  Klein  (1.  c.)  obtained  for  third  type  crystals  of  humite  (dinohumite)  re- 
sults agreeing  with  those  of  Des  Cloizeaux. 

Sjogren  describes  crystals  from  the  Ladu  mine,  Wermland,  Sweden,  which  are  holohe- 
dral  orthorhombic,  and  near  in  angle  to  "Type  I."  of  the  Vesuvian  mineral,  also  others 
from  Kafveltorp,  Westmanland,  which  are  monoclinic,  and  similar  (see  above)  to  common 
chondrodite,  CEfv.  Ak.  Stockh.,  xxxviii.,  5,  p.  29,  1881.  An  exhaustive  monograph  of  the 
Kafveltorp  chondrodite  is  given  by  the  same  author  in  vol.  xvii.  of  the  Lund.  Univ.  Ars- 
skrift  (abstr.  in  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  v.,  655,  1881). 

Analyses  and  discussion  of  composition  :  Brewster,  N.  Y.,  Hawcs,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  x., 
96,  1875;  Kafveltorp,  Sweden,  Widman,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iii.,  113,  1876;  Websky,  Ber.  Ak. 
Berlin,  1876,  201;  Pargas,  Finland,  Berwerth,  Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  272. 

CHROMITE,  Min.,  p.  153  ;  App.  II.,  p.  12. — In  thin  sections  not  opaque,  but  transmits  a 
yellowish-red  color,  according  to  Thoulct,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii.,  i]4,  1879.  See  also  Fischer, 
Mikr.  Stud.,  1870,  and  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  363. 

Anal.,  platinum  washings,  Wisimo  Schaitansk,  Ural,  Waller,  (Efv.  Ak.  Stockh.,  xxxiii., 
No.  10,  p.  23,  1876. 

Occurrence  in  meteorites,  J.  Lawrence  Smith,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxi.,  461,  1881. 

Chromowulfenite.— See  Wulfenite,  p.  132. 
CHROMPICOTITE. — App.  I.,  p.  3. 

CHRYSOBERYL,  Min.,  p.  155  ;  App.  II.,  p.  12. — Specific  gravity  determinations,  Church, 
GeoLMag.,  II,  ii,  321,1875. 

CHRYSOCOLLA,  Min.,  p.  402. — An  aluminous  variety  of  chrysocolla  is  called  PILARITE  by 
Kramberger  (Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  260,  1880).  Like  chrysocolla  in  appearance.  Apparently  homo- 
geneous under  the  microscope.  H.  —  3.  G.  —  2-62.  Lustre  dull.  Color  light  greenish 
blue.  Analysis  (f) :  SiO,  38  6,  A1703  16'9,  CuO  19*0,  CaO  2-5,  ign.  21  "7  =  98-7.  Locality, 
Chili.  Named  after  Prof.  Pilar  in  Agram. 

J.  R.  Santos  (Chem.  News,  xxxvi  ,  167,  1876)  has  analyzed  an  aluminous  chrysocolla 
from  Utah  :  Si02  37'19,  A1203  10'78,  CuO  26 '03,  11,0  25'76  =.-  99  76.  Konig  describes  a 
substance  from  Bergen's  Ranch,  25  m.  from  Denver,  Col.,  forming  a  thin,  slightly  bluish 


APPENDIX  III.  27 

crust  on  limonite  ;  it  contains  33-85  p.  c.  A1203,  540  CuO,  and  corresponds  to  allophane 
and  chrysocolla  in  the  ratio  of  5  :  1,  probably  to  be  regarded  as  a  mixture,  Proc.  Ac.  Is  at. 
Sc  Philad.,  1877,  294.  See  also  Semmons,  Min.  Mag.,  ii.,  197,  1879. 

Other  analyses,  Lower  California,  Hutchings,  Chem.  News,  xxxvi.,  18,  1877  ;  also  xxxiv., 
141  1876;  Cerro  Blanco,  Chili,  Pellegrini,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  408;  Wheco,  New  South  Wales, 
Uversidge,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  N.S.  W.,  Nov.  3,  1880. 

CHRYSOLITE,  Min.,  p.  256  ;  App.  II.,  p.  12. — Vesuvius  (hyalosiderite),  Scacchi,  Att.  Ace. 
Nap.,  vi.,  1873  (Contr.  Min.,  Ii.,  66)  ;  with  humite  (clinohumite)  crystals  in  parallel  posi- 
tion, Fcaczhi,  J.  Min.,  1876,  637.  Determinations  of  specific  gravity,  Church,  Geol.  Mag., 
II.,  ii.,  321,  18?r>. 

Anal.,  Skurruvuselv,  Norway,  Hjortdahl  (Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  305).  Zermatt,  with  6  p.  c. 
Ti02  (titanolivine,  Groth),  Damour,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii.,  15,  1879.  In  meteoric  iron  of 
Bragin,  Retschinsk,  Inostranzcf,  Min.  Russl.,  vi.,  216  ;  Ste.  Anne,  Ottawa  River,  Canada, 
Harrington,  Geol.  Canada,  1878. 

A  variety  is  called  NEOCHRYSOLITE,  bv  Scacchi  (Rend.  Accad.  Napoli,  Oct.  14,  1876).  In 
small,  black,  crystalline  plates,  crystallographically  identical  with  chrysolite.  Peculiar  in 
containing  a  considerable  amount  of  manganese  (compare  hortonolite).  Found  in  the 
cavities  of  the  lava  of  1631,  at  the  Cupa  di  Sabataniello,  Vesuvius. 

CHRYSTOPHITE  . — See  Sphalerite,  p.  111. 

CIMOLITE,  Min.,  p.  457. — Anal.,  Richmond,  N.  S.  W.,  Liversidge,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  New 
South  Wales,  Dec.  6,  1876. 

CINNABAR,  Min,  p.  55  ;  App.  II.,  p.  12. — Oryst.,  v.  Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  vi.,  257, 
1875.  With  metacinnabarite,  Reddington  mine,  Cal.,  Bertrand,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  199,  1877. 
Tuscany,  d'Achiardi,  Att.  Soc.  Tosc.,  iii.,  232,  1877. 

Anal.,  Oregon,  Dabney,  Chem.  News,  xxxiv.,  180,  1876. 

Occurrence  in  California,  etc.,  Blake,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  81,  1878  ;  Rolland,  ib.,  i.,  98. 
Genesis,  etc.,  Christy,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xvii.,  453,  1879  ;  Mernyik,  Hungary,  Krenner, 
Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  304. 

CLARTTE,  App.  II.,  p.  l2.—Sandberger,  J.  Min.,  1875,  382. 

Monoclinic  (?).  Crystals  in  tufted  groups,  on  account  of  alteration  not  to  be  measured; 
planes  identified  0,  i-l,  I,  m.  Cleavage  i-4  perfect,  i-i  less  so.  H.  =  3*5.  G.  =  4'46.  .  Color 
dark  lead  gray.  Streak  black.  Analysis,  Petersen  • 

S  As  Sb  Cu  Fe  Zn 

32-92  17-74  1'09  40-29  0'83  tr  =  98'87. 

Formula  that  of  enargite,  viz.  :  CuaAsS4  —  3Cu,S  +  AsaSs. 

B.  B.  fuses  easily  ;  in  the  closed  tube  decrepitates  violently,  and  gives  a  reddish  yellow 
sublimate  of  the  sulphide  of  arsenic  (and  antimony),  with  also  one  of  sulphur  ;  in  the  open 
tube  gives  both  As-2O3  and  Sb2O3.  Soluble  in  nitric  acid,  with  the  separation  of  a  white 
precipitate  ;  not  attacked  by  boiling  in  a  solution  of  caustic  potash.  Occurs  on  barite  from 
the  Clara  mine,  near  Schapbach,  Baden.  Sometimes  altered  to  chalcopyrite  and  covellite. 
[Clarite  and  luzonite  have  both  the  composition  of  enargite  ;  the  former  differs  from  it  in 
color,  and  apparently  in  form  ;  the  latter  in  color  and  absence  of  cleavage,  form  unknown. 
All  three  have  essentially  the  same  specific  gravity,  which  is  not  ordinarily  the  case  with 
well  established  trimorphous  groups — a  further  examination  seems  to  be  required  to  prove 
that  they  are  in  fact  distinct.] 

CLAUSTHALITE.— Min.,  p.  497  ;  App.  II.,  12. 

Cleveite.     Nordenskiold,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iv.,  28,  1878. 

Isometric  ;  in  cubes  with  octahedron  and  dodocahedron  ;  crystals  rare,  also  in  irregular 
grains.  H.  =  5'5.  G.  =  7'49.  Lustre  dull.  Color  iron  black.  Streak  blackish  brown. 


28  APPENDIX   III. 

Opaque.     Analysis,  G.  Lindstrom  (1.  c.),  after  deducting  2-34  p.  c.  insol.,  and  0-86  CaO, 
014  MgO  : 

U203       Y203      Er203     Ce203     Fe203      Th02       PbO          UO         H2O 

42-04        6-87        3-47        2-33        1-05        4-76        11 -31        23'89       4*28  =  100. 

The  suggestion  is  made  that  the  formula  may  be  (Rp)(R203)  H20,  and  the  mineral  a 
member  of  the  spinel  group,  altered  through  the  assumption  of  water,  but  this  seems  very 
doubtful.  In  the  closed  tube  gives  off  water.  B.  B.  infusible.  With  salt  of  phosphorus  a 
deep  green  bead,  becoming  yellow  in  0.  F.  after  long  blowing.  Easily  soluble  in  hydro- 
chloric acid  with  the  separation  of  lead  chloride.  With  soda  on  charcoal,  a  lead  globule 
and  a  costing  of  lead  oxide.  Occurs  in  a  dirty  brown  feldspar  at  Garta,  near  Arendal, 
Norway.  Associated  with  orthite,  fergusonite,  thorite,  etc.  Named  after  Prof.  Cleve. 

At  the  same  locality  "is  found  a  mineral  which  is  probably  a  final  decomposition  product 
of  cleveite.  It  is  called  YTTROGUMMITE.  It  has  the  appearance  of  orangite.  Lustre  brill- 
iant. Color  black  to  yellow.  Translucent ;  fracture  conchoidal.  Optically  anisotrope. 
H.  =  5.  Hydrous,  contains  yttrium  and  uranium  oxides.  Between  the  black  opaque 
cleveite  and  the  translucent  honey  yellow  yttrogummite,  occur  many  intermediate  pro- 
ducts. [Cleveite  is  closely  related  to  uraninite,  as  is  yttrogummite  to  ordinary  gummite.] 

Clinocrocite  (Sandberger),  Singer,  Inaug.  Diss.,  Wilrzburg,  1879,  p.  9.  A  mineral  of 
a  deep  saffron  yellow,  occurring  in  microscopic  crystals  ('02  mm.  broad),  which  are  prob- 
ably monoclinic,  with  the  planes  7,  0,  1-i  According  to  a  qualitative  examination,  a 
hydrous  sulphate  of  alumina,  iron  sesquioxide,  soda,  and  potash  (lime  in  traces).  From 
the  Bauersberg,  near  Bischofsheim,  formed  by  the  decomposition  of  pyrite  in  basalt  tufa. 
Related  to  the  more  clearly  denned  mineral,  clinophcvite  (q.  v.).  [Needs  further  examina- 
tion.] 

Clinohumite. — See  Chondrodite,  p.  26. 

Clinophaeite  (Sandberger),  Singer,  Inaug.  Diss.,  Wiirzburg,  1879,  p.  16.  In  microscopic 
crystals  (-02  mm.  broad),  probably  monoclinic,  with  planes  0,  7,  I-*',  prismatic  angle  85°. 
H.  =  ?  G.  =2 '979.  Color  blackish  green.  Streak  light  grayish  green.  Lustre  vitreous. 
Translucent  to  opaque.  Taste  astring3nt.  An  analysis  gave  (after  deducting  7 '88  p.  c. 
hygroscopic  water) : 

SO3       Fe203      Alo03      FeO    NiO(CoO)  MgO      CaO       Na.,0      K2O        H,O 
37-01        9-48        4-04        6-06        0'76        1-88        077        6'35      21-79      14-72  =  102-86. 

The  formula  deduced  is  5R2S04  +  [R2]  H6O6  +  5aq.  Difficultly  soluble  in  water;  on  boil- 
ing, iron  sesquioxide  separates  from  the  aqueous  solution.  B.  B.  fuses  with  intumescence, 
leaving  finally  a  black  magnetic  residue.  Occurs  with  other  sulphates  at  the  Bauersberg, 
near  Bischofsheim,  as  a  result  of  the  decomposition  of  pyrite. 

CLINTONITE,  Min.,  p.  508. — The  "clintonite  group"  of  minerals  have  been  investigated 
by  Tschermak  and  SipScz  (Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  Ixxviii.,  Nov.,  1878  ;  or  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  496).  In 
this  group  of  "brittle  micas  "  (Sprodglimmer)  the  authors  include  seybertite  (clintonite), 
brandisite,  xanthpphyllite,  also  chloritoid,  masonite,  ottrelite,  sismondine,  and  sapphirine. 
All  of  these  species  belong  to  the  monoclinic  system,  and  in  form  and  physical  character 
they  are  closely  related  to  the  micas,  more  especially  to  margarite  (see  original  memoir  and 
p.  77). 

Chemically,  it  is  assumed  that  the  first  three  of  these  minerals  are  isomorphous  mixtures 
of  H4Ca2Mg,SiGOo4  and  HnCaMgAl6Oi2  :  in  seybertite  in  the  ratio  of  4  :  5,  in  brandisite  of 
3  : 4,  in  xanthophyllite  of  5  :  8.  As  the  two  compounds  assumed  are  not  known  to  have  an 
independent  existence,  the  results  reached  are  hypothetical.  In  order  to  bring  out  the 
relation  which  is  supposed  to  exist  between  the  micas,  margarite,  and  seybertite,  the  fol- 
lowing scheme  is  given,  representing  the  compounds  which  are  assumed  to  enter  into  their 
composition  : 

Mica.  Margarite.  Seybertite. 

HBAl9Si6024  )  H6Al6Si6024  )  EUCa.Mg.SieO^ 

Mg12Si8024  C  Ca3Al6012  \  H2CaMgAl6012 


APPENDIX  m.  29 

Chloritoid  (chloritspath)  is  also  monoclinic,  and  related  in  form^to  meroxene,  as  well  as 
to  the  above  species  ;  composition  expressed  by  the  formula  H2Fe2Si207  +  H2A1207. 

Ottrelite  and  masonite  are  regarded  as  very  near  to  chloritoid,  the  variation  in  chemical 
composition  being  believed  to  be  due  to  foreign  inclosures. 

Sismondine  is  similar  to  chloritoid,  and  the  formula  corresponding  to  the  analysis  below 
is  Hi4Fe7AliBSiM054,  with,  however,  the  Fe  in  part  replaced  by  Mg.  For  sapphirine  the 
formula  Mg2Si206  +  Mg2Al6Ou  is  given. 

Analyses:  1,  2,  3,  by  L.  Sipocz— 1,  seybertite  from  Amity,  G.  —  3'102  ;  2,  brandisite 
from  Monzoni,  G.  =  3-090  ;  3,  chloritoid  from  Pregratten,  G.  —  3*538  ;  4,  by  W.  Suida, 
sismondine  from  St.  Marcel,  G.  =  3 '42. 


Si02 

A1203 

Feo03 

FeO 

MgO 

CaO 

H20 

F 

1.  Seybertite 

19-19 

39-73 

0-61 

1-88 

21-09 

13-11 

4-85 

1- 

26 

— 

101-72. 

2.  Brandisite 

18-75 

39-10 

3-24 

1-62 

20-46 

12-14 

5-35 

— 

100-66. 

3.   Chloritoid 

24-90 

40-99 

0-55 

24-28 

3-33 

.... 

7-83 

— 

101-87. 

4.  Sismondine 

2603 

42-33 

4-09 

14-32 

7-30 

0-35 

C-5G 

alk 

.  tr. 

= 

100-98. 

On  a  variety  of  xanthophyllite  called  WALUEWITE,  see  p.  132:  on  a  variety  of  ottrelite 
called  VENASQUITE,  see  p.  87. 

COBALTITE,  Min.,  p.  71;  App.  II.,  p.  13. — Cryst.,  Tunaberg  and  Skutterud,  (froth,  Min.- 
Samml.,  Strassburg,  p.  41,  1878. 

Anal.,  Khetri  mines,  Rajputana,  India,  F.  R.  Mallet,  Rec.  Geol.  Surv.  India,  xiv.,  pt.  2, 
190,  1880. 

CCERULEOLACTITE. — App.  I.,  p.  3;    II.,  p.  13. 

Coloradoite,  F.  A.  Genth,  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.,  xvii.,  115,  1877  (or  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  4). 

Massive  ;  granular,  sometimes  imperfectly  columnar  (due  to  admixed  sylvanite  ?). 
H.  =3.  G.  =  8-627.  Lustro  metallic.  Color  iron-black  inclining  to  gray.  Fracture 
uneven  to  subconchoidal.  Composition  HgTe  =  tellurium  39"02,  mercury  60  "98  =  100. 
Analyses ;  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  Keystone  mine  ;  6,  7,  Smuggler  mine. 


Quartz  and  gold 

deducted. 

Te 

Hg 

1. 

[28-50] 

43-81 

56-33 

2. 

[46-83] 

42-95 

52-28 

8. 

[25-18] 

44-25 

51-48 

4. 

[8-461 

46-74 

49-80 

5. 

[20-72] 

50-05 

4563 

Quartz  deducted. 

6. 

[2-90] 

36-24 

55-80 

7. 

[3-05] 

34-49 

48-74 

_,03,  Fe,03 
tr. 

2-44 

V,,03           MgO 
tr.                tr. 
0-70             0-11 

CaO 

tr.    = 
0-84  = 

100-14. 
99-32. 

undet. 
undet. 
undet. 

Au  3-46,  Ag  2  42,  Fe  1-35,  Cu,  Zn  tr.  =  99'27. 

Au  7-67,  Ag  7-18,  Cu  016,  Fe  0'92,  Zn  0'50  =  99 '66. 

The  impurities  present  in  1  to  5  are,  besides  gold  and  quartz,  native  tellurium  in  vary- 
ing quantities  ;  in  6  and  7  also  sylvanite.  In  the  tube  slightly  decrepitates,  fuses,  and  yields 
metallic  mercury  as  a  sublimate,  also  tellurium  trioxide  in  drops,  and  next  to  the  assay 
metallic  tellurium.  Soluble  in  nitric  acid. 

Occurs  very  sparingly  at  the  Keystone,  Mountain  Lion,  and  Smuggler  mines,  in  Colo- 
rado. [Belongs  in  the  same  group  with  cinnabar  (or  inetacinnabarite)  HgS,  and  tiemannite 
HgSe.] 

COLUMBITE,  Min.,  p.  515;  App.  II.,  p.  13.— Cryst.,  Riesengebirge,  Scharizer,  Verh.  G. 
Reichs.,  1879,  243. 

Analyses,  Yancey  Co.,  K  C. ;  Pike's  Peak,  Col.,  J.  L.  Smith,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  Ill,  xiii.,  359, 
1877.  Isergebirge,  Janovsky.  Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  Ixxx.,  34, 1879.  Middletown,  Ct.,  E.  J.  Hal- 
lock,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  xxi.,  412,  1881. 

The  following  analyses  are  quoted  here  as  being  of  especial  interest :   1,  Standish,  Me., 


30  APPENDIX  in. 

0.  D.  Allen  (priv.  contrib.);  2,  Northfield,  Mass.,  W.  J.  Comstock,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xix., 
131,  1880  ;  3,  BranchviUe,  Conn.,  Comstock,  ib. 

Cb,05    Ta2O5  Sn02,  W03  MnO         FeO         CaO 

1.  Standish,       G.  =  565       68'99        9'22        1-61          3'65        16'80  =  10027 

2.  Northfield,    G.  =  6-84(j£)  26'8l       56-90          ...          5'88        10-05          ...     =     99'64. 

3.  BranchviUe,  G.  =  6'59       30*16      52*29          ...        15'58          0'43        0'37    =     98*83. 

The  Standish  crystals  are  small,  but  highly  modified,  and  of  brilliant  lustre  (seeZ.  Kryst., 
i.,  380).  The  Northfield  mineral  had  the  form  and  habit  of  .ordinary  columbite,  though  it 
is  essentially  a  tantalite.  This  was  also  true  of  the  BranchviUe  mineral  (Brush  and  Dana, 
Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xvi.,  34,  1878 s  which,  moreover,  was  in  thin  tabular  crystals,  slightly 
translucent ;  it  is  also  remarkable  as  containing  only  MnO,  and  also  in  the  fact  that  the 
ratio  of  Cb,05 :  Ta206  =  1:1  nearly,  that  is,  the  formula  is  MnCb,06  +  MnTa,Oe.  See 
also  Tantalite,  p.  118. 

Shepard's  HERMANNOLITE  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  II.,  1.,  90,  1870;  III.,  xi.,  140,  Hermann,  J.  Pr. 
Ch.,  II.,  xiii.,  386, 1876,  or  Bull.  Soc.  Mosc.,xlix,  179, 1875;  Delafontaine,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III., 
xiii.,  390,  1877,  and  Bibl.  Univ.  Gen.,  II.,  lix.,  184,  1877)  is  a  mineral  from  Haddam,  Conn., 
related  to  (or  identical  with)  columbite.  Hermann  (1.  c. )  finds  in  it  "  hypotantalic  acid 
7'03,  hypoilmenic  acid  14'92,  niobous  acid  56'15,  iron  protoxide,  12'56,  manganese  protox- 
ide 9'34  =  100."  This  result  is,  to  say  the  least,  problematical,  as  no  one  but  the  analyst 
himself  has  any  confidence  in  the  existence  of  the  chemical  compounds  named.  Delafon- 
taine  (1.  c.)  found  a  large  proportion  of  Cb.2O5,  about  16  p.  c.  Ta,O5,  and  possibly  a  little 
Ti02.  He  states  further,  that  the  low  specific  gravity  supposed  to  be  a  specific  character 
of  this  substance  is  explained  by  its  containing  less  Ta203  (Brainerd's  columbite  contains 
37  p.  c.),  and  by  the  admixture  of  some  foreign  material.  [As  far  as  investigation  has 
gone,  hermannolite  is  not  distinct  from  columbite.] 

CONNELLITE,  Min.,  p.  627. — Optically  uniaxial,  positive,  Bertrand,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv., 
88,  1881. 

COPIAPITE,  Min.,  p.  655  ;  App.  II.,  p.  13. — Optical  characters,  Bertrand,  Hull.  Soc.  Min., 
iv.,  11  ;  Des  Cloizeaux,  ib.,  41,  1881. 

COPPER,  Min.,  p.  14  ;  App.  II.,  p.  13.-Cryst.,  <o.  Kokscliarof,  Min.  Russl.,  vi.,  209,  1874. 
Altai,  v.  Jeremejef,  Verh.  Min.  Ges.  St.  Pet.,  II.,  xii.,  281.  Mine  Friedrichssegen,  Nassau, 
Seligmann,  Verh.  Nat.  Ver.  Rhein.,  xxxiii.,  261, 1876.  Lake  Superior,  vom  Rath,  Z.  Kryst., 
ii.,  169,  1878;  Fletcher,  Phil.  Mag.,  V.,  ix.,  180,  1880. 

Pseudomorphs  after  aragonite,  from  Coro-Coro,  Bolivia,  described  fully,  Domeylco,  6th 
App.  Min.  Chili,  p.  6,  1878. 

COQUIMBITE,  Min.,  p.  650;  App.  II.,  p.  13. — Copiapo,  Coquimbo,  Chili,  revision  of  angles, 
c  (vert.)  =  1  '5645,  optical  examination,  Arzruni,  with  analyses  by  Bamberger,  confirming 
Rose's  results,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  516,  1879. 

CORDIEEITE. — See  lolite,  p.  63. 

CORKITE. — App.  II.,  p.  13;  see  also  Beudantite,  p.  15. 

CORNWALLITE. — Min.,  p.  569;  App.  II.,  p.  13. 

Coronguite,  Raimondi,  Mineraux  du  Perou,  1878,  pp.  88,  91. 

Amorphous,  earthy,  pulverulent,  sometimes  slightly  lamellar.  H.  —2  5-3.  G.  ==  5'05. 
Color,  exterior,  grayish  yellow ;  interior,  blackish,  with  lustre  slightly  resinous.  Intimately 
mixed  with  small  quantities  of  sulphur,  antimony,  silver,  and  lead.  An  analysis,  after  the 
deduction  of  impurities,  gave:  Sb.,O5  58 '97,  PbO  21 '48,  Ag20  7'82,  FeO  0'52,  H20  11 '21 
=  100;  accordingly,  an  antimonate  of  lead  and  silver.  Found  at  the  mines  of  Mogollon, 
Huancavelica,  and  Empalme,  in  the  district  of  Corongo^  province  Pallasca,  and  at  Pasa- 
cancha,  province  of  Pomabambar  Peru.  [Of  doubtful  homogeneity.] 


APPENDIX  m.  31 

Min.,  p.  504;  App.  II.,  p.  13. — A  mineral,  apparently  identical  with 
corundophilite,  is  called  AMESITE,  by  Shepard.  Occurs  with  diaspore  at  Chester,  Mass. 
Examined  by  Pisani  (C.  R.,  Ixxxiii.,  166,  1876).  In  hexagonal  plates,  foliated,  resembling 
the  green  talc  from  the  Tyrol.  Uniaxial  figure  (positive),  seen  through  cleavage  fragment. 
H.  =  2-5-3.  G.  =2-71.  Color  apple  green.  Lustre  pearly  on  cleavage  face.  Analysis  : 

Si02  AloO3  Fe  MgO  H.O 

21-40  32-30  1580  19-90  10'93     ==     100'30. 

Q.  Ratio  for  Si :  [A13]  :  R  :  II  =  9  :  12  :  10  :  8.    B.  B.  nearly  infusible. 

CORUNDUM,  Min.,  p.  137;  App.  II.,  p.  13. — Cryst.,  Ceylon,  v.  Koikscharof,  Min.  Russl., 
vi.,  223,  1874.  Taschkent,  etc.,  v.  Jeremefef,  Verb.  Min.  Ges.  St.  Pet,  II.,  xiii.,  426,  440  ; 
xiv.,  227  (Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  504,  505;  iii.,  438;  iv.,  642). 

Specific  gravity  determinations.  Church,  Geol.  Mag.,  II.,  ii.,  321,  1875. 

Made  artificially  (rubies,  sapphires),  Fremy  and  Fell,  C.  R.,  Ixxxv.,  1020, 1877;  Mcunier, 
ib,  xc.,  701,  1880. 

Occurrence  of  emery  in  Westchester  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Kimball,  Am.  Chem.,  iv.,  9,  321,  1874; 
J.  I).  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xx.,  200,  1880. 

MfiHard(Am.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  150,  1876),  describes  crystals,  in  which  a  basal  section  con- 
sisted of  six  sectors;  he  assumes  that  the  apparently  rhombohedral  crystals  are  really  com- 
posed of  three  orthorhombic  individuals.  Bertrand (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  J)5,  1878),  describes 
crystals  from  Siam  (ruby)  which  are  distinctly  biaxial,  with  a  widely  varying  axial  angle 
from  nearly  0°  up  to  58°.  Tschermak  (Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  ii.,  362,  1878),  mentions  crystals 
from  Ceylon  having  a  monoclinic  symmetry  in  the  distribution  of  the  planes,  and  also 
optically  biaxial.  He  concludes  that  many  crystals  are  built  up  of  monoclinic  particles, 
occasionally  so  grouped  as  to  give  uniaxial  effects  in  polarized  light. 

COSALITE,  Min.,  p.  797;  App.  II.,  p.  13. — A  mineral,  apparently  identical  with  cosalite, 
is  called  BJELKITE  by  Sjogren  (Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iv.,  106,  1878;  ett  nytt  vismuthsvafladt 
svafelbly,  Lundxlrom,  ib. ,  ii.,  178,  1874).  Its  characters  are  as  follows:  Massive,  fibrous, 
radiated.  II.  =  2  5-3.  G.  ==  6'39-6-?5.  Lustre  metallic.  Color  steel  gray.  Streak 
grayish  black.  Composition  PbjBi2S5  —  2PbS  +  Bi^Sa.  Analyses:  1,  Lundstrom  (1.  c.); 
2,  3,  Sjogren  (1.  c.). 

S  Bi  Pb  Fe 

1.  1783  3J-40  37-64  5 -13  =  100,  Lundstrom. 

2.  1598  41-55  4010  0  -07,  insol.  2 1!)  =  100-49,  Sjogren. 

3.  16-48  41-86  3i)'19  1  '32  =-98'85,  Sjogren. 

The  material  used  in  (1)  was  probably  more  or  less  impure  through  the  presence  of  a 
little  pyrrhotite.  B.  B.  fuses  easily,  giving  reactions  for  lead,  bismuth,  and  sulphur; 
slowly  attacked  by  HC1,  dissolved  in  fuming  nitric  acid,  with  the  separation  of  lead  sul- 
phate. From  the  Bjelke  mine,  in  Nordmark,  Wermland,  Sweden. 

Cossyrite,  H.  Foerstner,  Z.  Kryst.,  v..  348,  1881. 

Triclinic,  with  a  =  90°  6',  ft  =  102°  12',  and  y  =  89°  54',  /  A  1'  =  114°  5'.  Form  near  that 
of  amphibole,  but  differing  in  the  prismatic  zone.  Cleavage  /and  1  distinct.  Twins  with 
the  brachypinacoid  as  twinning  plane.  Crystals  minute,  1-5  mm.  long,  and  0'5-0'6  mm. 
broad.  G.  =  3-74-375.  Color  black.  Analysis: 

Si02       Fe.2O3     Al,03       FeO        MnO      CuO       MgO       CaO       Na20     K2O 
43-55       .7-97        4-96    .    32-87        1'98        0'30        0*86        2'01        529       0-33  =  100-21. 

Approaches  in  composition  some  ferruginous  amphiboles.  B.  B.  fuses  easily  to  a  brownish 
black  glass.  Partially  decomposed  by  acids.  Found  imbedded  in  the  liparite  lavas  of  the 
island  Pantellaria,  whose  ancient  name  was  Cossyra.  The  crystals  examined  were  weathered 
out  of  the  ground  mass. 

Cotterite.— See  Quartz,  p.  101. 


32  APPENDIX  III. 

COTUNNITE,  Min.,  p.  117;  App.  II ,  p.  13. — In  semi-crystalline  masses  of  a  whitish  color, 
with  a  tinge  of  yellow  or  green,  with  other  lead  minerals,  Montagne  de  Challacallo,  Rai- 
mondi,  Min.  Perou,  p.  172,  1878. 

COVELLITE,  Min.,  p.  83. — Anal..  New  Annan.  Nova  Scotia,  Louis,  Trans.  N.  S.  Inst.,  iv., 
424,  1878. 

CROCIDOLITE,  Min.,  p.  243;  App.  II.,  p.  13. — An  analysis  by  Dolter  (Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  40, 
1879),  afforded:  SiO2  5211,  A1203  I'Ol,  Fe,03  20'62,  FeO  16'75,  MgO  1-77,  Na20  [6'16], 
H20  1'58  —  100;  locality  South  Africa.  This  confirms  the  ordinary  belief  as  to  its  close 
relation  to  arfvedsonite  (q.  v. ,  p.  9). 

See  also  AbriacJianite,  p.  1. 

CROCOITE,  Min.,  p.  028. — Cryst.,  v.  Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  vii.,  97,  1877. 
Occurrence  in  Arizona,  Silliman,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxi.,  203,  1881. 

CRONSTEDTITE,  Min.,  p.  503;  App.  II.,  p.  13. — Cryst.,  Przibram,  etc.,  v.  Zepharovich, 
Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  Ixxi.,  276,  1875.  In  parallel  position  with  pyrite  crystals,  id.,  Lotos,  1880. 

Anal.,  Przibram,  Janovsky,  J.  pr.  Chem.,  II.,  xi.,  378,  1875.  Cornwall,  Held,  Phil. 
Mag.,  V.,  v.,  52,  1878. 

CRYOCONITE,  App.  II.,  p.  13. — Original  material  examined  by  v.  Lasaulx  proved  to  con- 
sist principally  of  quartz  and  mica,  with  also  feldspar,  hornblende,  magnetite,  garnet,  and 
probably  epidote  and  cyanite ;  metallic  iron  was  not  identified.  The  composition  is  near 
that  of  a  gneiss,  and  v.  Lasaulx  concludes  that  the  supposed  cosmical  dust  of  NordenskiSld 
is  in  fact  terrestrial,  and  probably  came  from  the  gneiss  region  of  the  coast  of  Greenland. 
Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  iii.,  521,  1881. 

CRYOLITE,  Min.,  p.  126;  App.  IT.,  p.  14. — Greenland,  monoclinic  instead  of  triclinic, 
according  to  Krenner,  J.  Min.,  1877,  504. 
Artificial  alteration  products,  Nollner,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxxiii.,  139,  1881. 

Cryptohalite.  A  fluo-silicate  of  ammonium  (NH4F,  SiF2),  whose  probable  existence 
with  sal  ammoniac  in  a  Vesuvian  fumarole  is  suggested  by  Scacchi,  Att.  Accad.  Napoli, 
vi.;  Contr.  Min.,  ii.,  37,  1874. 

CRYPTOLITE,  Min.,  p.  529. — In  apatite  from  Arendal,  Fischer,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  374,  1880. 
See  also  Rhabdophane. 

CRYPTOMORPHITE,  Min.,  p.  599;  App.  II.,  p.  14.— Relation  to  priceite,  How,  Min.  Mag., 
i.,  257,  1877. 

CRYSTALLITES. — App.  II.,  p.  14. 
CUBANITE. — Min.,  p.  65;  App.  II.,  p.  14. 

CULSAGEEITE.— App.  II.,  p.  14  (30) 

CUPRITE.— Min.  j  p.  133;  App.  II.,  p.  14. 
CUPROAPATITE. — App.  II.,  p.  14. 

Ouprocalcite.  Raimondi,  Domeyko,  5th  Append.,  Min.  Chili,  1876;  Min.  Pe*rou,  p. 
135,  1878.  In  small  masses  and  in  bands  intimately  mixed  with  a  ferruginous  calcite. 
H.  =3.  G.  =  3-90.  Color  bright  vermilion  red.  Analysis  gave:  CiioO  50 '45,  CaO  20 '16, 
'C02  24-00,  H20  8-20,  FeQ0:,  0-60,  Al,0a  0-20,  MgO  0'97,  Si0.2  0'30  =  9  )'88.  Formula 
deduced  (Cu2O)2C02  +  2CaC03  +  H20.  Soluble  in  hydrochloric  acid  with  effervescence ; 
the  solution,  formed  out  of  contact  with  the  air,  has  a  strong  deoxidizing  power,  precipi- 
tating gold  from  solutions  of  gold  salts.  From  the  mines  of  Canza,  near  the  city  of  lea, 


APPENDIX  ITI. 


33 


Peru      ("According  to  the  results  of  Damour  this  is  only  an  intimate  mixture  of  calcium 
carbonate  and  copper  oxide  (Cu20),  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  130,  1878.] 


CUPROMAGNESITE.— App.   II.,  p.   14. 

CUPROSCHEELITK.— Min.,  p.  6C6;  App.  II.,  p.  14. 

CUPROTUNGSTITE.— App.  II.,  p.   14. 
CUPROVANADITE. — App.  II.,  p.  15. 


u^  T/##y^ 

f/'msfrrf 

^  4£r?ORS% 


Cuspidine.  Scacchi,  Rend.  Accad.  Napoli,  Oct.,  1876;  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  398,  1877.  Ortho- 
rhombic.  In  spear-shaped  crystals,  formed  of  two  pyramids,  1  and  2-f ,  with  also  \-l  and  i-4. 
1  A  1  =  112°  8'  and  77°  50'  terminal,  and  146°  30'  basal.  1-i  A  l-«  =  40°  38'.  b  :  I  :  ft  = 
1-9376  :  1  :  0'7173.  Cleavage  in  one  direction  (basal).  II.  =  5-6.  G.  =  2-853-2-860.  Color 
pale  rose  red.  Contains  8iO2,  CaO,  F,  and  C02,  the  last  probably  from  incipient  altera- 
tion; composition  stated  to  be  perhaps  Ca2Si0.i,  with  about  one-third  of  the  lime  replaced 
by  CaF2,  but  analysis  not  given.  B.  B.  fusible  with  difficulty.  Readily  soluble  in  dilute 
acids.  From  Vesuvius.  Named  in  allusion  to  the  spear-shaped  crystals.  [A  more 
complete  chemical  examination  is  to  be  desired.] 

Vom  Rath  has  described  crystals  of  a  mineral  which  resembled  cuspidine.  but  which 
could  not  be  positively  identified  with  it  (Ber.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn,  Feb.  7,  1881).  He  has 
since  shown  that  this  mineral  is  not  cuspidine.  He  has  also  made  a  more  exact  determina- 
tion of  the  form  of  the  original  cuspidine.  It  is  monoclinic  with  c  (vert)  :  b  :  a  =  1-9623  : 
1  :  0'7247,  and  ft  =  90°  55'  41".  The  crystals  are  twins,  which  Scacchi  suggested  might  be 
the  case.  Ber.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn,  Nov.  7,  1881. 

CYAXTTE,  Min.,  p.  375;  App.  II.,  p.  14. — The  hitherto  imperfectly  known  crystalline 
form  of  cyanite  has  been  fully  described  by  Bauer  (ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxx.,  288,  1878;  xxxi., 
244,  1879f  xxxii.,  717,  1880);  and  vom  Rath  (Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  187,  1878;  v.,  17,  1880).  See 
also  Mallard  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii.,  9,  1879). 

Made  artificially,  Fremy  and  Feil,  C.  R.,  Ixxxv.,  1032,  1877. 

Pseudomorph  from  Pregratten,  Tyrol,  Bohm,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  ii.,  522,  1879. 

Anal.,  North  Thompson  R.,  British  Columbia,  Hoffmann,  Geol.  Canada,  1880. 

C'YMATOLITE. — See  Spodumenc,  p.  112. 

Cyprusite.  P.  F.  Reinsrh,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.,  xxxiii.,  119,  1881.  A  supposed  new  iron 
sulphate,  of  very  doubtful  character.  Occurs  in  large  quantities,  but  in  an  impure  condition, 
incmsting  the  surface  of  a  hill  in  the  western  part  of  the  island  of  Cyprus.  Soft,  chalk- 
like.  Color  yellowish  ;  in  powder  intense  sulphur  yellow.  H.  =  2.  G.  =  1'7.  Slightly 
soluble  in  water,  soluble  in  boiling  HC1,  leaving  a  siliceous  residue.  An  approximate 
analysis  gave :  SO3  21  5,  Fe203  (A12O3  tr.)  51  -5,  insol.  siliceous  substance  25,  H2O  (hygro- 
scopic) 2  =  100.  Contains  a  large  percentage  of  well  preserved  siliceous  shells  of  microscopic 
Radiolaria. 


CYRTOLITE,  Min.,  p.  275. — A  mineral  regarded  as  related  to  cyrtolite  by  Nordenskiold 
(Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iii.,  229,  1876),  has  the  following  characters:  In  tetragonal  crystals 
(1  and  *-*'),  resembling  dodecahedrons.  Color  yellow  to  yellowish  brown.  Translucent. 
H.  =5-5-6.  G.  =  3-29.  Analysis:  SiOo  27-66,  ZrO2  (with  a  little  AL03)  41-78,  Er20s, 
Y,03  8-49,  Ce203  3-98,  CaO  5-06,  MgO  MO,  H20  12-07,  FeO  tr.  =  100-14,  Occurs  with 
fergusonite,  arrhenite,  xenotime,  at  Ytterby,  Sweden. 

DAMOURITE. — See  Mica  Group,  p.  77. 

DANAITE.— See  Arsenopyrite,  p.  10;  and  App.  II.,  p.  15. 
3 


34 


APPENDIX   III. 


DANALITE,  Min.,  p.  265.— A  mineral  occurring  in  isometric  octahedrons  with  magnetite 
and  quartz,  at  the  iron  mine,  Bartlett,  N.  H.,  is  referred  to  danalite  by  Wadsworth  (Proc. 
Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  xx.,  284,  1879).  All  the  characters  so  far  as  observed  agreed  with 
that  species,  and  the  result  of  the  blowpipe  examination  seems  to  set  the  matter  above 
doubt. 


DANBURITE,  Min.,  £.  299.— From  Russell^N.  Y.,  described  by_G.  J.  Brush  and  E.  S. 

Is  belong  to  the 
topaz;  JA  /  = 

A  1-*  —  97"  7'.     Some  of  the  common  and  simpler  forms 
are  shown  in  the  adjoining  figures.    Here  I  =  i-%,  n  =  i-4,  d  =  l-i,w  =  4-4,  r  =  2-2.    The 


optic  axes  lie  in  the  basal  plane,  the  bisectrix  normal  to  the  brachypinacoid  is  negative 
and  is  acute  for  red  (2Va  =  87°  37'),  but  obtuse  for  blue  (2V0  -—  90°  56');  p  =  1*634  (Li). 
H.  =  7-7-25.  Gr.  =  2 -986-8 -021.  Color  pale  wine  yellow,  honey  yellow  to  yellowish  brown. 
Transparent.  Lustre  brilliant,  vitreous  to  greasy  (massive).  Fracture  uneven  to  sub- 
conchoidal.  An  analysis  by  Comstock  gave : 


Si02 

(!)    48-23 


B_,03 
26-93 


CaO' 
23-24 


ALO,  (Fc20;i  tr.)     ign. 
0-47  0-63  =  99-50. 


Formula,  same  as  that  for  the  original  mineral  from  Danbury,  viz. :  CaB.  Si  08  =  Si02 
48-78,  B,03  28-46,  CaO  22-76  =  100.  Occurs  in  small  brilliant  crystals  imbedded  in  calcite, 
also  in  larger  crystals  in  cavities  from  which  the  calcite  has  been  weathered  out,  and 
massive.  Associated  minerals,  quartz,  calcite,  mica,  pyroxene,  titanite. 

The  optical  properties  of  the  danburite  from  Danbury,  Conn.,  have  been  examined  by 
Des  Cloizeaux  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  in.,  105). 

DATOLITE, 
Italy, 
Samml. 

358,   1883;   Theiss!  Tyrol^  ib.,   v.,   425,   1881.     Niederkirchen,  Nahethal,  Lehniann,  Z. 
Kryst.,  v.,  529,  1881.     Andreasberg,  v.  Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  viii.,  139,  1881. 

Thermal  and  optical  properties,  Bodewig,  Pogg.  Ann.,  clviii.,  230, 1876.  Pyro-electrieal 
properties,  Hankel,  Wied.  Ann.,  vi.,  57,  1879. 

Anal.,  Casarza,  Liguria,  Issel,  Boll.  Com.  Geol.,  1879,  530.  Kuchelbad,  near  Prague, 
Bohemia,  Preis,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  360,  1880.  The  datolite  described  by  Smith  (App,  II.,  p. 
16),  as  occurring  with  garnet  and  vesuvianite,  was  from  San  Carlos,  Inyo  Co.,  Cal.  (Hanks), 
not  from  Santa  Clara. 

DAUBEEITE. — App.  II.,  p.  16. 

Daubreelite.    J.  L.  Smith,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xii.,  109,  1876  ;  xvi.,  270,  1878. 

Massive  ;  somewhat  scaly,  structure  crystalline.  Cleavage  in  one  direction.'  Gr.  =  5 -01. 
Lustre  metallic,  brilliant.  Color  black.  Streak  black.  Brittle.  Fracture  uneven.  Not 
magnetic.  Composition  (analogous  to  spinel  group)  FeS  +  Cr2S3  =  FeS  30'45,  Cr2S3  69'55 
=  100.  Analysis : 


(3) 


S 

42-69 
43-26 


Cr 

35-91 
36-38 


Fe 

20-10     =      98-70, 
20-36     =     100. 


B.  B.  infusible,  loses  lustre  and  (R.  F.)  becomes  magnetic.     With  borax  reacts  for  chro- 


APPENDIX  in.  35 

mium.  Not  attacked  by  cold  nor  by  hot  hydrochloric  acid,  but  completely  dissolved  in 
nitric  acid,  without  the  liberation  of  iree  sulphur. 

Occurs  associated  with  troilite,  on  the  borders  of  troilite  nodules,  or  as  minute  veins 
runnin"-  across  them,  in  the  meteoric  irons,  from  Cohahuila,  Mexico.  Also  identified  in 
the  iron  of  Toluca,  Mexico,  of  Sevier,  Tenn.,  and  of  Cranboume,  Australia.  Named  after 
M.  Daubree,  of  Paris. 

The  name  schreibersite  was  given  by  Shepard  to  a  supposed  chromium  sesquisulphide, 
occurring  in  the  Bishop ville  meteorite  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  II.,  h.,  383, 1846):  the  name  was  after- 
ward changed  by  Haidinger  to  shepardite. 

Daubreite.    I.  DomeyJco,  C.  ft.,  Ixxxii.,  922,  1876  ;  Min.  Chili,  p.  297,  1879. 

Amorphous  ;  structure  compact,  earthy,  in'  part  fibrous.  H.  =  2-2-5.  G.  =  6'4-6'S. 
Color  yellowish  to  grayish  white.  Opaque. 

Composition— 4  (Bi.'Oa)  +  Bi.,Cle  =  Bi,037616,  Bi*Cln  23-84  =  100.  Analysis,  Domeyko 
(1.  c.):  BiaOj  89-60,  Cl  7-50,  11,6  3-84  (V),  Fe,,03  0-72,  or  Bi,O3  72-63,  Bi2Cle  22-52,  H20  3-84, 
Fe.Os  0-72  =  99-08.  In  the  closed  tube  gives  off  acid  water,  and  becomes  grayish  in  color; 
but  on  continued  heating  below  fusion  turns  yellow  again.  B.  B.  colors  the  flame  slightly 
blue  ;  in  very  thin  splinters  fuses  on  the  end  instantly,  the  fused  part  becoming  black  and 
compact.  Soluble  in  hydrochloric  acid  in  the  cold  without  residue,  the  solution  having  a 
more  or  less  yellow  color. 

Occurs  at  the  Constancia  mine,  Cerro  de  Tazna,  Bolivia.  Named  after  M.  Daubree,  of 
Paris.  Daubreite  is  related  to  the  artificial  compounds  2(Bi203)  +  Bi2Cl  and  6  (Bi203) 
+  Bi,Cl6. 

Davreuxite.     De  KonincTc,  Bull.  Ac.  Roy.  Belg.,  II.,  xlvi.,  240,  1878. 

Orthorhombic  (on  optical  grounds).  Resembles  asbestos.  In  aggregates  of  slendw 
transparent  acicnlar  crystals,  light  extinction  parallel  and  perpendicular  to  longitudinal 
direction.  Cleavage  transverse  to  needles(?).  Color  white,  with  a  tinge  of  flesh  red. 
Analysis  of  material  free  from  impurity,  except  quartz  : 

Si02  Al,03  MnO          MgO  IT.,0 

(I)        55-94  33-59  525  MO  4-19  Fe,03  or  FeO  tr.  =  100  07. 

The  amount  of  quartz  was  determined  as  from  13  to  18  p.  c. ;  in  the  above  analysis  16*63 
p.  c. ;  and  the  remainder  corresponds  approximately  to  the  formula  HI  (Mn,  Mg)  [Al..]3 
Si.,0,..,,  which  requires:  SiO,  4689,  AL,03  40-19,  MnO  6-93,  MgO  1-30,  II20  4*69  =  100. 
B.  B.  infusible  ;  with  soda  a  manganese  reaction  ;  with  cobalt  solution  a  blue  color. 
Slightly  attacked  by  acids.  Occurs  in  quartz  veins  in  the  Ardennes  schists,  at  Ottre,  Bel- 
gium. Named  after  M.  Ch.  Davreux. 

DAVYNE,  Min.,  p.  328. — Relation  to  cancrinite  and  microsommite,  Rtiuff.  Z.  Kryst.,  ii., 

478,  1878. 

DAWSONITE,  App.  II.,  p.  16.— Optical  examination,  Des  Cloizeaux,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  8, 
1878. 

Occurs  in  the  province  of  Siena,  Pian  Castagnaio,  Tuscany,  according  to  Chaper  (Bull.  Soc. 
Min.,  iv.,  155,  1881).  Found  in  thin  plates,  radiated,  and  formed  of  fine  fibres  in  a  quartz- 
ose  rock,  impregnated  with  dolomite,  in  part  argillaceous  ;  associated  with  calcite,  dolo- 
mite, pyrite,  fluorite,  and  cinnabar.  An  analysis  by  Friedel  (ib.,  iv.,  28)  afforded :  (f )  C02 
29-09,  A1203  35-89,  Na,0  19-13,  H2O  12-00,  MgO  1-39,  CaO  0-42  ;  formula  Na2  [AU  CoO., 
2H,0  or  3Na3C08  +  A1,,C3O9  +  2[A12]  H600,  which  requires  :  C02  30'4,  Alo03  35'6,  Na2O 
21-5,  H20  12-5  =  100. 

Recently  found  at  the  Montreal  reservoir,  Canada,  Harrington  (Can.  Nat.,  x.,  1831  \ 
Analysis,  after  deducting  impurities,  principally  calcite  :  C0a  27'78,  AL03  36-12,  Na>0 
22-86,  HaO  13-24  =  100. 

DECHENITE.— Min.,  p.  609  ;  App.  II.,  p.  16. 
DELAFOSSITE.— App.  II.,  p.  16. 


36  APPENDIX   III. 

DELESSITE,  Min.,  p.  497  ;  App.  II.,  p.  16.— Analyses  of  several  related  minerals,  Scot- 
land, Neddie,  Trans.  Soc.  Edinb.,  xxix.,  81,  1879. 

A  blackish  green  chloritic  mineral,  filling  cavities  in  eruptive  rocks  in  the  ThiHneer 
Wald,  gave  Pufahl  (G.  =  2-«-^- 


100-21. 


SiOa    Ti02  A1203  Fe203  FeO  MnO  MgO  CaO  K20  Na20  P205  S03  COo   H.,0 
28-79   0-18    16-74  4-83  18-30  031  16'62  0'98   0'28  024  0'08  026  0-35  1225  = 


For  this  the  formula  is  calculated  R7  [R2]sSi502s  +  7aq.  Weiss  proposes  the  name  SUB- 
DELESSITE  for  varieties  of  delessite  which  show  but  little  Fe203,  and  much  FeO  ZS  G. 
Ges.,  xxxi.,  801,  1879. 

See  also  Diabantite,  p.  37;  Hullite,  p.  60,  etc. 

DELVAUXITE,  Min.,  p.  583. — Ausstrich,  Bohemia,  occurrence  and  composition,  Vala  and 
Helmhacker,  J.  Min.,  1875,  317.  Vise,  Belgium,  Jorissen  finds  0-30  As2  O5  and  010 
V205,  and  deduces  the  formula  [FeoJsP-tOor,,  15H2O,  or  if  the  water  lost  by  desiccation  at 
ordinary  temperatures  is  included,  the  same  with  llaq  additional.  Mem.  Soc.  Geol.  Belg., 
vi.,  38/1879. 

DERNBACHITE,  App.  II.,  p.  16.— See  Beudantite,  p.  15. 

DESCLOIZITE,  Min.,  p.  609;  App.  II.,  p.  16. — Cryst.  description,  probably  monoclinic, 
Venus  mine,  Department  de  Minas,  and  other  localities  in  the  Sierra  de  Cordoba,  Argentine 
Republic,  Websky,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  542,  1881  (Ber.  Ak.  Berlin,  1880,  672). 

Analyses,  Cordoba:  1,  dark  brown  crystals,  Rammelsberg ;  2,  Doring  : 

• 

V205  As205  PbO    ZnO     FeO  MnO  CuO  II20  Cl 

1.  G.  =  6-080  ($)  22-74    ....56-4816-60    ....    1 -16  ....  2-34  0-24  =  99'56. 

2.  (1)21-41    0-27  56-20  1703    0-97    0-58  0-28  2'35  0'26  insol.  0-47  =  99'82. 

In  light  brown  crystals  (G.  =  5-915)  Rammelsberg  obtained  PbO  54'35,  ZnO  20 '93.  These 
analyses  lead  to  the  formula  R4V209,  H20  or  R3V208  +  RH202  (Ber.  Ak.  Berlin.  1880, 
652;  and  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxxii.,  709,  1880).  This  formula  is  analogous  to  that  of  libethenite, 
the  form  of  which,  as  shown  by  Des  Cloizeaux,  is  also  near  that  of  descloizite.  On  the 
other  hand,  Rammelsberg  show's  that  the  analysis  of  Damour  (Min.,  p.  609)  after  the  de- 
duction of  the  soluble  portion  reduces  to  V205  24*80,  PbO  60'40,  ZnO  2-25,  FeO  1-48,  MnO 
5-87,  CuO  0-99,  H,0  2-43,  Cl  0-35  =  98-57,  and  this  corresponds  to  R3V20,,  H20,  with 
R  =  (Mn,  Zn,  Fe,  Cu)  :  Pb  =  1  : 2.  Rammelsberg  throws  some  doubt  over  the  correctness 
of  Damour's  analysis. 

Probable  occurrence  of  descloizite  in  Arizona,  Silliman,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxii.,  201, 
1881. 

A  vanadate,  related  to  descloizite,  has  been  called  BRACKEBUSCHITE  by  Doring  (Ram- 
melsberg, ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxxii.,  711,  1880).  The  description  is  as  follows  : 

Occurs  in  small  striated  prismatic  crystals.  Color  black.  An  analysis  gave  Doring, 
after  the  deduction  of  4 '36  p.  c.  insoluble  :  V205  25'32,  P20S  0'18,  PbO  61-00,  FeO  465, 
MnO  4-77,  ZnO  1'29,  CuO  0-42,  H20  203  =  99-66.  Rammelsberg  deduces  the  formula 
R3V2Oh  +  H20,  with  Fe  :  Mn  :  Pb  =  1  :  1  :  4,  this  gives  :  V206  25-45,  PbO  62-09,  Fe05;01, 
MnO  4'95,  H20  2*50  =  100.  Occurs  with  descloizite  and  vanadinite,  at  several  localities 
in  the  State  of  Cordoba,  Argentine  Republic.  Named  for  Dr.  D.  Luis  Brackebusch,  of 
Buenos  Ayres.  fit  is  of  interest,  that  the  analysis  of  Doring  of  this  mineral,  and  that  of 
Damour  (as  recalculated  by  Rammelsberg)  on  the  supposed  original  descloizite,  give  very 
nearly  identical  results  ;  the  relation  of  the  two  minerals  is  still  uncertain.] 

Destinezite.  Forir  and  Jorissen,  Bull.  Soc.  Geol.  Belg.,  vii.,  117,  1881.  Announced  as 
an  iron  phosphate,  near  delvauxite,  containing,  according  to  Jorissen,  P_>0fl,  As200,  V20f), 
Fe2O3,  A1303,  CaO,  MgO  (tr.),  CuO  (tr.).  Dissolves  in  hydrochloric  acid  leaving  a  slight 
residue  of  impurities.  Occurs  in  yellowish  white  nodular  masses  of  an  earthy  aspect  on 
the  surface,  but  dull  on  the  ffacture.  From  the  ampelite  at  Argenteau,  Belgium.  Named 
after  M.  Destinez.  A  complete  description  is  promised. 

DEWALQUITE. — App.  II.,  p.  16(4). 


APPENDIX  III.  37 

Diabantite.  G.  W.  Hawes,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  ix.,  454, 1875.  DIABANTACHRONNYN,  Liebe, 
Jahrb.  Min.,  1870  (Appendix  I.,  p.  4). 

Massive,  with  a  foliated  radiated  structure.  H.  =  1.  G.  —  2-79.  Color  dark  green. 
Strongly  dichroic.  Analyses  by  Hawes  (1.  c.),  on  separate  samples,  each  proved  by  the 
microscope  to  be  homogeneous  : 

Si02        AL03      Feo08      FeO        MnO       MgO       CaO      Na.O     H.,0 

1.  (|)        33-24        11-07        2-26        25-11        0'41        lii'Sl       I'll       0'25       9'91  =  99'87. 

2.  (f )       33-68        10-84       2'86       24-33       0'38       16-52       0'73       0-33     10-02  =  99-69. 

Theso  analyses  give  a  quantivalent  ratio  of  R  :  [R2]  :  Si  :  H  —  4  :  2  :  6  :  3,  or  that  of  a 
unisilicate.  This  corresponds  to  the  formula  Ri2[K2]2Si9O36  +  9aq,  which  is  near  to  that 
of  pyrosclerite.  Occurs  filling  amygdaloidal  cavities  in  the  trap  of  the  Farmington  Hills, 
Conn. 

The  above  mineral  is  similar  to  the  diabantachronnyn  of  Liebe,  in  mode  of  occurrence 
and  in  composition  ;  Hawes  suggests  the  name  diabantite  as  a  substitute  for  the  earlier 
name.  It  is  also  very  near  to  Wiik's  euralite  (App.  I.,  p.  6).  These  and  several  other 
similar  minerals,  epichlorite,  hullite,  etc.,  may  fairly  be  classed  with  delessite,  Min., 
p.  497. 

DIADOCHITE,  Min.,  p.  588. — Anal.,  Peydiagnard,  Isere,  Carnol,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iii.,  39, 
1880  ;  Vedrin,  Belgium,  Bull.  Soc.  Geof.  Belg.,  vii.,  114,  1881. 

DIALLAGE. — See  Pyroxene,  p.  100. 
DIALOGITE. — See  Rhodochrosite,  p.  103. 

DIAMOND,  Min.,  p.  21;  App.  II.,  p.  16.— Cryst.,  Rose-Sadebeck,  Abh.  Akad.  Berlin, 
1876,  85  (Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  93,  1877),  and  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxx.,  605,  1878.  Hirschwald,  Z. 
Kryst,  i.,  212,  1877.  Groth,  Min.-Sajnml.  Strassburg,  p.  4,  1878.  Baumhauer,  Wied. 
Ann.,  i.,  462,  1877.  Martin,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxx.,  521,  1H78. 

Striations  on  black  diamond  (carbonado),  due  to  friction,  Daubree,  C.  R.,  Ixxxiv.  1277, 
1877. 

Anomalous  optical  characters  explained,  Jannetlaz,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii.,  124,  1879. 

Occurrence  in  South  Africa,  E.  J.  Dunn,  Q.  J.  Geol.  Soc.,  xxxiii.,  879,  1877;  xxxvii., 
609,  1881;  Chapet,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii.,  195,  1879;  Friedel,  ib.,  ii.,  197;  Fouque  and  Levy, 
ii.,  216  ;  iii.,  189  ;  J.  A.  Roorda  Smit,  Arch.  Neerland,  xv.,  61,  1880  ;  A.  Sjdgren,  Geol. 
For.  Forh.,  vi ,  10,  1882.  In  South  America,  Oorceix,  Bull  Soc.  Min.,  iii.,  36,  1880  ;  and 
C.R.,  xciii.,  98,  1881. 

Made  artificially,  J.  B.  Hannay,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.,  xxx.,  188,  450,  1880. 

DIAPHORITE. — App.  I.,  p.  4;  see  also  Freieslebenite,  p.  48. 
DIASPORE. — Min.,  p.  168;  App.  II.,  p.  17. 

Dickinsonite.     Gr.  J.  Brush  and  E.  S.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xvi.,  114,  1878. 

Monoclinic ;  pseudo-rhombohedral.  Axes,  c  :  b  :  a  =  0'6917 : 
0-5773  :  1;  ft  =  61°  30'.  Observed  planes  (see  figure)  :  0  (c\ 
i-l  (b),  i-i  (a\  1  (p),  2  (*)  -  3-z  (a?).  1  f\l  =  66°  36',  c  A  a  =  118° 
30',  c  A  x  =  137°  30',  c  A  p  =  118°  52',  c  A  «  =  97°  58'.  Crys- 
tals rare,  tabular  in  habit,  with  triangular  striations  on  basal 
plane ;  commonly  foliated  to  micaceous.  Massive  ;  also  curved 
lamellar,  radiated  or  stellated.  Cleavage  :  basal  perfect. 

H.  =  3-5-4.  G.  =  3-338-3-343.  Lustre  vitreous,  on  cleav- 
age face  somewhat  pearly.  Color  olive  to  oil  green,  in  masses 
dark  grass  green.  Streak  nearly  white.  Transparent  to 
translucent.  Fracture  uneven.  Brittle.  Planes  oi'  light- 
vibration  parallel  (grass  green)  and  normal  (yellow-green)  to  edge  c/a  in  basal  section. 

Composition  :  4R3P2O8  +  3aq.  If  R  =  Mn  :  Fe  :  Ca  :  Na2  =  5  :  2£  :  3  :  Ii,  percentage 
composition  :  P205  40'05,  FeO  12-69,  MnO  25'04,  CaO  11-85,  Na20  6-56,  H2O  3'81  =  100. 


38  APPENDIX   HI. 

Analyses  :  1,  2,  by  S.  L.  Penfield  ;  1,  after  deduction  of  impurities,  viz.,  3-30  p.  c.  quartz, 
and  6'89  p.  c.  eosphorite  ;  2,  after  deducting  1-89  p.  c.  quartz,  6 '89  p.  c.  eosphorite. 

P005         FeO         MnO          CaO          LioO      NaoO       KoO       H,0 

1.  39-36        12-40        25-10         13-36         0-03        5-25        0-89        3'86  =  100-25. 

2.  39-53        11-90        23-96        [14-98]        0-24        4-78        0'73        3*88  =  100-00. 

In  the  closed  tube  gives  water,  the  first  portions  of  which  are  neutral,  but  the  last 
portions  react  faintly  acid;  the  residue  is  magnetic.  Fuses  in  the  naked  lamp-flame,  and 
B.  B.  in  the  forceps  colors  the  flame  at  first  green  then  greenish  yellow ;  reacts  for  iron 
and  manganese  with  the  fluxes.  Soluble  in  acid. 

Occurs  at  Branchville,  Fail-field  Co.,  Conn.,  intimately  associated  with  eosphorite,  trip- 
loidite,  and  other  species  in  nests  in  a  vein  of  albitic  granite.  Often  disseminated  in 
minute  plates  through  massive  eosphorite,  giving  it  a  green  color  ;  similarly  imbedded 
in  lithiophilite.  Named  after  Eev.  Wm.  Dickinson,  formerly  of  Redding. 

Dietrichite.  V.  SchrocJcinger,  Verb.  G.  Eeichs.,  1878,  189.  Arzruni,  Z,  Kryst.,  vi.,  92, 
1881.  In  fine  fibrous,  tufted  forms,  as  an  efflorescence  or  incrusting.  Monoclinic  ( V),  Arzruni. 
H.  =2.  Lustre  silky.  Color  dirty  white  to  brownish  yellow.  Easily  soluble  in  water; 
taste  like  vitriol.  B.B.  fusible.  Composition  (Zn,Fe,Mn)  S04  +  A1,S30J2  +  22aq.  Analy- 
sis by  Dietrich : 

S03  Al  03  ZnO  FeO  MnO          MgO  H-20 

35-94  10-92  3-70  3-11  1-74  0'33  44-38  =  100-12. 

A  recent  formation  (within  14  years")  in  an  abandoned  working  at  Felsobanya,  Transyl- 
vania. [Belongs  with  the  related  alums,  mendozite,  bosjemanite,  halotrichite,  etc.] 

DIOPSIDE. — See  Pyroxene,  p.  100. 
DIMORPHITE. — Min.,  p.  28;  App.  II.,  p.  17. 

DIOPTASE,  Min.,  p.  401;  App.  II.,  p.  17. — Cryst.,  v.  Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  vi.,  285, 
1875;  vii.,  218,  18:8.  Chili,  vom  Ratli,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  257,  1880;  Bauer,  ZS.  G.  £es. 
xxxii.,  714,  1880.  [Bauer  states  that  the  reported  occurrence  of  dioptase  in  Nassau  is  a 
mistake,  see  Syst.  Min.,  p.  402;  Text-Book,  p.  279.] 

DOLEROPHANITE. — App.  II.,  p.  17. 

DOLOMITE,  Min.,  p.  68;  App.  II.,  p.  17. — Cryst.,  Bex,  Switzerland,  v.  Kokscharof,  Min. 
Russl.,  vii.,  1,  1875;  Bull.  Ac.  St.  Pet.,  xxi.,  47,  1875.  Binnenthal,  etc.,  Groth,  Min.- 
Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  127,  1878. 

Relation  to  the  other  rhombohedral  carbonates  discussed,  Tschermak,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth., 
iv.,  99,  1881. 

Anal.,  Bleiberg,  Carinthia,  von  ZepharovicTi,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  100.  Anal,  of  var.  micmite 
(by  John),  from  Zepce,  Bosnia,  F.  v.  Hauer,  Verh.  G.  Reichs.,  1879,  121. 

Origin  of  dolomite  discussed,  Doelier  and  Hoernes,  Jahrb.  G.  Reichs.,  xxv.,  293,  1875; 
Hoppe-Seyler,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxvii.,  495,  1875. 

DOMEYKITE. — Min.,  p.  36;  App.  II.,  p.  17. 

DOPPLERITE,  Min.,  p.  749. — A  black  gelatinous  hydrocarbon,  related  to  dopplerite,  is 
described  by  T.  Cooper  (Eng.  Min.  Journ.,  Aug.  13,  1881),  as  found  in  a  stratum  of  muck 
below  a  peat  bed,  at  Scranton,  Penn.  More  particularly  described  by  H.  C.  Lewis  (Am.  Phil. 
Soc.  Philad.,  Dec.  2,  1881).  When  first  found  it  was  jelly-like  in  consistency,  but  on 
exposure  to  the  air  it  becomes  tougher  and  is  elastic,  somewhat  like  india-rubber,  and 
finally  when  quite  dry  it  is  brittle  and  nearly  as  hard  as  coal.  Only  partially  dissolved  in 
hot  alcohol,  but  completely  in  caustic  potash.  When  dry  burns  with  a  yellow  flame. 
Analysis  by  J.  M.  Stinson,  of  material  dried  at  100°  C.,  gave:  C  28-99,  H  5-17,  N  2 -46, 
0  56-98,  ash  6-40  —  100;  for  which  the  empirical  formula  CioH23Oi<i  is  calculated.  Lewis 


APPENDIX   III.  39 

suggests  that  the  various  allied  jelly-like  hydrocarbons  may  be  grouped  together  under  the 
name  PHYTOCOLLITE  (cpvrov,  «dA/la,  as  plant  jelly),  but  the  new  name  is  hardly  needed. 

DUDLEYITE.  —  App.  II.,  p.  18. 

DUFRENITE,  Min.,  583;  App.  II.,  p.  18.  —  Anal.,  Dept.  of  Freirina,  Atacama,  Domeyko, 
Min.  Chili,  3d  ed.,  p.  161,  1879.  From  the  Rothlaufchen  mine,  near  Waldgirmes  (krau- 
rite),  Streng,  J.  Min.,  1881,  i.,  110. 

In  radiated  coarsely  fibrous  masses  of  a  dark  greenish-brown  color,  forming  an  irregular 
bed  of  about  10  inches  in  depth,  underlying  limonite,  in  Rockbridge  Co.,  Va.  ;  anal,  by  J. 
L.  Campbell:  Po05  31  '76,  Fc,08  50-85,  Al,03  0-21,  FeO  6-14,  MnO  0-40,  CaO  1-12,  MgO 
0-76,  H20  8-53,  insol.-O'lS  =  99'89.  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxii.,  65,  1881.  The  same  occur- 
rence was  earlier  analyzed  by  Massie  (Ch.  News,  xlii.,  24,  181,  1880),  and  with  almost 
identical  results. 

DUFRENOYSITE.  —  Min.,  p.  92;  App.  II.,  p.  18. 

Dumortierite.  Gonnard,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  2,  1881;  Bertrand,  ib.,  iii.,  171;  andiv., 
9;  Damour,  ib.,  iv.,  6. 

Orthorhombic  (on  optical  grounds).  Occurs  in  minute  prismatic  crystals,  always  twins, 
prismatic  angle  inferred  to  be  about  1^0°.  Biaxial,  negative  bisectrix  parallel  to  the 
longitudinal  direction  of  the  crystals,  axial  angle  small,  dispei-sion  p  <  v.  Remarkably 
dichroic  ;  colorless  when  the  crystals  are  parallel,  and  deep  cobalt  blue  when  perpendicular 
to  the  plane  of  polarization.  The  phenomenon  of  houppes  observed  in  fragments  of  '01 
mm.  thickness,  even  more  strikingly  than  in  andalusite  (Bertrand).  G.  =  3'36  (see  below). 
Color  light  blue.  Analysis,  Damour: 


Al,03  Fe,03  MgO  i-n 

60-O.J  1-01  0-45  2-25  =  99-53. 

Calculated  formula  [Al.,]  ,Si,0,  „,  which  requires  :  Si02  30'40,  A1203  69-60.  [The  material 
analyzed  was  obtained  by  attacking  the  granite  in  which  it  occurred  with  a  mixture  of  HF 
and  HoSO,.  This  mineral  was  then  separated  from  the  quartz  and  ether  substances  unde- 
comppsed  by  the  Thoulet  liquid.  Necessarily,  therefore,  more  or  less  doubt  surrounds  the 
chemical  composition;  the  Ios.s  by  ignition  is  also  neglected  in  the  formula.]  Damour 
thinks  the  blue  color  may  be  due  to  blue  oxide  of  titanium.  B.  B.  infusible,  loses  color  on 
strong  ignition  ;  with  cobalt  solution  a  beautiful  blue,  characteristic  of  aluminum.  With 
salt  of  phosphorus  gives  a  slightly  bluish  opaline  bead. 

Found  in  fibrous  forms  imbedded  in  feldspar  in  blocks  of  gneiss  at  Chaponost,  near  Lyons, 
France,  original  locality  probably  Beaunan.  Named  for  the  pala3ontologist  M.  Eugene 
Dumortier. 

Duporthite,  J.  H.  Collins,  Min.  Mag.,  i.,  226,  1877. 

In  fibrous  masses  occupying  fissures  in  serpentine.  H.  =2.  G.  —  2*78.  Lustre  silky. 
Color  greenish  to  brownish  gray.  Flexible  in  thin  fibres  like  asbestos.  Analysis  gave  : 
SiO,  49-21,  A1203  27-26,  FeO  6-20,  MgO  11-14,  CaO  0-^9,  Na,0  0-49,  11,0  3-90,  do.  hygro- 
scopic 0-63  =  99-27.  About  half  the  water  goes  off  only  at  an  elevated  temperature.  A 
relation  to  neolite  (Min.,  p.  406),  is  suggested.  From  Duporth,  near  St.  Austell,  Cornwall. 
[Needs  further  examination.] 

DURANGITE,  App.  L,  p.  4.—  Des  Cloizeaux  has  investigated  the  crystalline  form  and 
optical  properties  (Ann.  Ch.  Phys.,  V.,  iv.,  401,  1875).  An  analysis  by  G.  W.  Hawes 
(Brush,  Am.  J.  So.,  III.,  xi.,  464,  1876),  of  small  dark-colored  crystals  (G.  =  4-07,  other 
light-colored  crystals  gave  G.  =3  -937),  afforded: 

As205       A1203      Fe,03    Mn,,03      Na20       Li20          F 

53-11        17-19        9'23        2-08        13'06        0-63        7-67*  =  102-99,  deduct  3-23  0  cor- 

[responding  to  F  =    99  -76. 
*  A  second  determination  gave  F  =  7'49. 


40  APPENDIX   III. 

This  gives  the  atomic  ratio  R  :  [R2]  :  As  =  2  :  1  :  2;  the  ratio  of  0  :  F  =  4'7  :  1.    The 

formula  may  be  written  R2  [R2]  As2  (0,  F2)a  or  nearly  [R2]  As208  +  2RF ;  which  is  analo- 
gous, as  remarked  by  Brush  (1.  c. ),  to  amblygonite,  to  which,  however,  in  form  and  optical 
characters  it  has  apparently  no  relation  (Des  Cl. ). 

Durangite  is  described  by  H.  G.  Hanks  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xii.,  274,  1876),  as  occurring 
at  the  Barranca  tin  mine,  eighteen  miles  north-east  of  Coneto,  State  of  Durango,  and  about 
ninety  miles  north-east  of  the  city  of  Durango.  The  mineral  is  found  not  \vith  the  stream 
tin,  but  in  a  vein  four  to  six  inches  in  thickness ;  the  crystals  are  sometimes  attached  to  the 
walls  of  the  vein  (here  the  large,  light,  orange-colored  variety,  App.  I.,  p.  4),  sometimes 
with  cassiterite  in  the  white  pulverulent  matter  which  fills  the  veins  (small,  dark-colored 
variety,  see  above).  The  largest  crystal  found  was  19  mm.  long,  11  mm.  thick,  and 
weighed  3*022  grams. 

Diirfeldtite.     Raimondi,  Mineraux  du  Perou,  p.  125,  1878. 

In  masses  with  indistinct  fibrous  structure,  also  in  fine  needles.  H.  =  2'5.  G:  =  5'40. 
Color  light  gray.  Lustre  metallic.  Associated  with  quartz  as  gangue.  After  deduction 
of  impurities  (31  "31  p.  c.  gangue),  the  composition  is : 

S  Sb  Pb  Ag          Cu          Fe          Mn 

24-15        £0-53        25-81        7'34        1-86        2'24        8D6  =  100. 

For  this  the  formula  3RS  +  Sb.2S3  is  deduced.  B.  B.  on  charcoal  gives  off  antimonial 
fumes,  gives  a  lead  coating,  and  leaves  a  globule  rich  in  silver.  With  borax  reacts  for 
manganese.  From  the  Irismachay  mine,  Anquimarca,  province  Cajatambo,  Peru.  Named 
after  M.  R.  Diirfeldt.  [This  mineral  is  very  near  stylotypite,  but  differs  in  containing 
lead  instead  of  copper.  An  analysis  of  the  pure  mineral  is  to  be  desired.] 

Duxite.  Ddlter,  Verh.  G.  Reichs.,  1874,  145.  A  resin  from  the  lignite  of  Dux, 
Bohemia.  Opaque.  Color  dark  brown.  G.  =  1-133.  Melts  at  246°.  Fischer  obtained 
besides  2-72  water  and  1-94  ash:  C  78'25,  H  8'14,  0  13'19,  S  0'42  =  100.  Near  ^alchovite, 
Min.,  p.  741. 

Dysanalyte.    A.  Knop,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  284,  1877.     PEROFSKITE  of  former  writers. 
Isometric ;  in  cubes.     Cleavage  cubic.     G.  =  4-13.     Color  black.     Analyses:  1,  2,  Seneca 
(Ann.  Chem.  Pharm.,  civ.,  371,  1856) ;  3,  Knop;  4,  same  as  3  after  deduction  of  impurities: 

Ti02  Cb,05  FeO  MnO    CeO  CaO   Na20 

1.  58-95  ....  6-23    35'69    . . . .  =  100-87. 

2.59-30  ....  5-99    35'94    ....=101-23. 

3.40-57  22-73  5'70  0-42    5-58  19-36    3-50  Si022'31,  MgO,  K20,  Al203F,tr.=  100-17. 

4.41-47  23-23  5-81  0-43    5'72  19-77    3-57=100. 

The  atomic  ratio  for  R  :  Cb  :  Ti :  0  =  7  :  2  :  6  :  24,  corresponding  approximately  to 
the  formula  RCb206  +  6RTi03.  Found  in  the  granular  limestone  of  Vogtsburg,  Kaisers- 
tuhlgebirge,  Baden.  The  mineral  has  previously  been  called  perol'skite,  but  is  in  fact 
closely  related  to  pyrochlore  (Min.,  p.  512),  and  koppite  (App.  II.,  p.  32.  Named,  in  allu- 
sion to  the  difficulty  of  the  analysis,  from  dvSavdXuroS,  hard  to  undo. 

DYSCRASITE.— Min.,  p.  35;  App.  I.,  p.  5. 

DYSODILE,  Min.,  p.  746. — Anal.,  Church,  Ch.  News,  xxxiv.,  155,  1876. 

Eggonite.    Schrauf,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  352,  1879. 

Triclinic.  In  minute  (£  to  1  mm.)  crystals  resembling  common  forms  of  barite  (Min.,  p. 
616,  figs.  505  E,  F),  henceorthorhombic  in  habit.  Closely  related  in  angle  tohopeite(Min., 
p.  544,  see  also  this  Appendix,  p.  59).  H.  =  4-5.  Color  light  grayish  brown.  Streak 
white.  Lustre  sub-adamantine.  Translucent  to  transparent.  B.  B.  infusible,  becomes  gray 
and  opaque.  On  charcoal  with  soda  a  cadmium  coating  (no  zinc  observed).  With  salt  of 
phosphorus  a  colorless  bead  enclosing  a  skeleton  of  silica.  Insoluble  in  HC1  or  HN03. 
Regarded  as  essentially  a  silicate  of  cadmium. 

Occurs  on  and  implanted  in  crystallized  calamine,  which  in  turn  fills  cavities  in  smith- 


APPENDIX  III.  41 

sonite;  the  last  mineral  is  massive,  coarse  granular,  and  of  a  light  brown  color,  and  mixed 
more  or  less  with  red  clay.  The  eggonite  is  so  called  from  FyyoroS,  grandson,  as  being  the 
third  generation  in  the  series  of  'zinc-cadmium  compounds.  From  Altenberg.  [Needs 
further  examination.] 

EHLITE.  —  See  Pseudomalacliite,  p.  97. 
Eisenbrucit.  —  See  Brucite,  p.  18. 

Ekdemite.    NordensJciold,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  hi.,  379,  1877. 

Tetragonal  (  ?).  Massive,  coarsely  granular  :  also  as  a  crystalline  incrustation.  Cleav- 
age :  basal,  nearly  perfect.  Optically  uniaxial.  H.  =  2'5-3.  G.  =  7'14.  Lustre  on 
cleavage  plane  vitreous,  on  fracture  surfaces  greasy.  Color  bright  yellow  to  green.  Trans- 
lucent in  thin  splinters.  Brittle.  Composition:  Pb5As.08  +  2PbCl2  =  As2O5  10'59,  PbO 
59-67,  Cl  7-58,  Pb  22-16  =  100.  Analysis  (1.  c.): 

Aso03  PbO  Cl  Pb 

10-60  58-25  8-00  23  "39     =     100-24. 

Fuses  easily  to  a  yellow  mass,  with  the  loss  of  lead  chloride  as  a  white  sublimate  ;  gives 
a  lead  coating  on  charcoal.  Soluble  readily  in  nitric  or  warm  hydrochloric  acid. 

Found  at  Langban,  Wermland,  Sweden,  in  small  granular  masses,  imbedded  in  a  yellow 
manganesian  calcite;  also  as  an  incrustation.  Named  from  Zxdt/jiioS,  unusual. 


A  mineral  of  similar  appearance,  also  a  compound  of  arsenic,  lead,  and  chlorine,  having 
the  same  pyrognostic  characters,  occurs  at  Langban,  as  small  lemon  yellow  grains  in  cal- 
cite. Held  to  be  orthorhombic  on  basis  of  crystalline  form  and  optical  character.  OA!  = 
114°  36',  1  A  1  =  101°  '28;  but  as  Groth  shows  (Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  307),  these  angles  give  a  ratio 
1  :  -967  for  the  lateral  axes,  so  that  it  may  be  identical  with  ekdemite,  and  not  as  Norden- 
skiold  suggests,  a  dimorphous  form. 

EL^EOLITE.—  See  Nephelite,    p.  84;  and  App.  IT.,  p.  18. 
Eleonorite.  —  See  Beraunite.  p.  13. 

Elroquite.  C.  V.  Shepard,  Min.  Contr.,  1877.—  An  apple  green  to  gray,  massive  sub- 
stance ;  translucent  to  nearly  opaque.  H.  =  6.  G.  =  2'35-2-40.  Composition  :  SiOo  16'4, 
AlsOs  16-4,  Fe203  13-8,  HaO  21-8  [P205  32-00  by  difference]  =  100.  Regarded  as  a  hydro- 
silicate  of  Al,03  and  Fe.Os,  mixed  with  opaline  silica  and  a  supposed  chromium  phosphate, 
to  which  "the  green  color  was  found  to  be  due."  To  the  chromium  phosphate  the  name 
PHOSPHOCHROMITE  is  given  [see  App.  I.,  p.  9].  From  the  Island  of  Elroque,  Caribbean 
Sea.  [The  description  of  the  mixture  is  so  incomplete  that  the  existence  or  the  supposed 
species  cannot  be  regarded  as  proved.] 

EMBOLITE,  Min.,  p.  115;  App.  II.,  p.  18.  —  A  mineral  from  the  silver  mines  in  the 
Troitzker  Bezirk,  Orenburg,  gave  W.  von  Beck  (J.  Min.,  1876,  165)  :  Br  28  -44,  Cl  8  -2  1,  Ag 
63-35  =  100,  or  AgBr  66  -83,  AgCl  33-17  =  100,  which  corresponds  to  3AgBr  -t-  2AgCl.  It 
occurs  in  minute  octahedral  crystals,  and  in  thin  crusts. 

EMERALD.—  See  Beryl,  p.  13. 

EMPLECTITE,  Min.,  p.  86;  App.  II.,  p.  18.—  Anal.,  Aamdal,  Thelemarken,  Norway,  Daw, 
Ch.  News,  xl.,  225,  1879. 

ENARGITE,  Min.,  p.  107;  App.  II.,  p.  18.—  Cryst.,  Matzenkopfl,  near  Brixlegg,  Tyrol, 
von  Zepharomch,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  600,  1879.  In  compound  crystals,  twins  and  star-shaped 
threelings,  twinning  plane  *-f,  Argentine  Republic,  vom  Rath,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  426.  Also 
f  rom  Mancayan,  Luzon,  twins,  etc.,  Zetiler  (Klein),  J.  Min.,  1880,  i.,  159  (ret). 

Anal.,  quoted  by  Brackebusch,  Min.  Repub.  Argentina,  49.  1879. 
»  Occurrence  in  Mexico,  Burlchart,  Naturaleza,  iii.,  336,  1875. 

See  also  Clarite,  p.  27,  Famatinite,  p.  45. 


42  '      APPENDIX  III. 

ENSTATITE,  Min.,  p.  208;  App.  II.,  p.  18. — Oryst.,  Kjorrestad,  near  Bamle,  Norway,  in 
enormous  crystals,  with  analyses,  Brogger  and  vom  Rath,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  18,  1877.  Groditz- 
berg,  near  Liegnitz,  Silesia,  cryst.  and  optical  exam.,  v.  Lasaulx,  J.  Min.,  1878,  673. 
Snarum,  pseudomorphous  crystals,  Seligmann,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  81,  1878. 

Anal.,  Georgia,  Xonig,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1877,  198. 

Enysite,  Collins,  Min.  Mag.,  i.,  14,  1876;  C.  Le  Neve  Foster,  ibid.,  p.  9. 

Forms  a  bluish  green  stalagmitic  crust.  H.  =  2-2 -5.  G.  —  1'59.  An  analysis  gave: 
S03  8-12,  A1203  29-85,  CuO  16'91,  CaO  1-35,  Si02  3'40,  C02  1-05,  H20  (over  H,SO4  after  3 
days)  14-04,  at  150°  C.  18-21,  at  a  red  heat  7'17,  Fe203,  Cl,  Na20  tr.  -  100*10,  Compare 
analyses  by  Flight  (J.  Ch.  Soc.,  Jan.,  1871)  and  Pisani  (Phil.  Mag.,  Ap.,  1868). 

Found  at  St.  Agnes,  Cornwall,  in  one  of  the  caves  at  the  old  quay.  Named  after  J.  S. 
Enys,  F.  G.  S.  [A  most  improbable  compound.  Groth  shows  that  it  is  to  be  regarded  as 
merely  a  mechanical  mixture  (Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  75).] 

EOSITE. — App.  I.,  p.  5. 
Eosphorite.— See  Cliildrcnite,  p.  24. 
EPIBOULANGERITE. — App.  I.,  p.  5. 

EPIDOTE,  Min.,  p.  281;  App.  II.,  p.  18. — Cryst.,  v.  Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  vi.,  297, 
1874.  Heponselka,  Finland,  Wiik,  (Efv.  Finsk.  Vet.  Soc.,  xix.,  69,  1876-7.  Optical  exam., 
Fouque-Levy,  Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  xii.,  434,  1877,  Groth,  Min.-Samml.,  Strassburg,  p.  195, 
1878.  Cryst.  monograph,  description  of  crystals  from  many  localities,  with  a  large  num- 
ber of  new  forms,  and  a  catalogue  of  all  occurring  planes,  Bucking,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  321, 
1878.  Cryst.  monograph,  giving  many  measurements,  and  the  constants  deduced  from 
them,  N.  von  Kokscharof,  Jr.,  St.  Petersburg,  1879  (Min.  Russl.,  viii.,  48,  1881). 

Photometric  measurements  of  light  absorption,  Pulfrich,  Z.  Kryst.,  vi.,  157,  1881. 

Anal.,  Allochetthal,  Tyrol,  Ddlttr,  Min.  Mitth.,  1875,  175.  Syra,  Ludecke,  ZS.  G.  Ges., 
xxviii.,  262,  1876.  Quenast,  Belgium,  Kenard,  Bull.  Ac.  Belg.  II.,  1.,  170,  1880.  Amelia 
Co.,  Va.,  Lippit,  Ch.  News,  xliii.,  208,  1881.  Analyses  of  varieties  occurring  crystallized 
together  in  parallel  position,  Zoptau,  Silesia,  Bauer,  J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  78.  Analyses  and 
discussion  of  composition  of  the  species  of  the  epidote  group,  Laspeyres,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii., 
525,  1879.  The  doubts  suggested  by  Laspeyres  in  regard  to  the  correctness  of  the  accepted 
formula  H2Ca4[Al..]3Sifi02G  are  answered  by  Tschermak  and  tiipocz,.  Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  Ixxxii., 
141,  1880,  and  still  further  by  Ludwig,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  iv.,  153,  1881. 

EPIGENITE. — App.  I.,  p.  5. 
EPIPHANTTE. — App.  I.,  p.  6. 

EPISTILBITE,  Min.,  p.  443;  App.  II.,  p.  19. — Des  Cloizeaux  finds  epistilbite  to  be  mono- 
clinic  in  optical  characters  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii.,  161,  1879).  A  similar  result  is  reached  by 
Tenne  (J.  Min.,  1879,  840;  1880,  i.,  43)  ,who  discusses  fully  the  crystalline  form.  He  also 
quotes  an  analysis  by  Jannasch,  Si02  58'55,  Ala03  17-15,  CaO  8'99,  HaO  15-41  =  100-10, 
which  corresponds  nearly  to  thQ  accepted  formula  Ca[Al2]  SifiOin  -f  5aq. 

Found  by  Seligmann  with  heulandite,  stilbite,  etc.,  at  Viesch,  Canton  Wallis,  Switzer- 
land, Tenne,  J.  Min.,  1880,  i.,  285. 

Tenne  has  examined  the  PARASTILBITE  of  von  Waltershausen,  and  refers  it  with  little 
question  to  epistilbite,  J.  Min.,  1881,  ix.,  195. 

Ludecke  finds  that  REISSITE  (App.  I.,  p.  .14)  is  nearly  identical  in  form  with  epistilbite 
(monoclinic),  so  that  it  should  probably  be  united  to  that  species;  it  differs  only  in  hard- 
ness, and  in  that  it  is  said  to  contain  alkalies,  J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  200;  1881,  i.,  162. 

EPSOMITE,  Min.,  p.  463. — Argentine  Repub.,  analyses  quoted  by  Braekebuseli,  Min.  Ar- 
gentin.,  73,  1879. 

A  massive  variety  is  called  REICIIARDTITE  by  Krause  (Arch.  Pharm.,  III.,  v.,  423,  and 
vi.,  41,  in  Z.  Ges.  Nat.,  II.,  x.,  554)— [the  new  name,  however,  is  most  unnecessary]. 
Crystalline,  granular  or  foliated.  Cleavage  easy.  G.  =  1-6-1-7.  Transparent  to  trans- 


APPENDIX  III.  43 

lucent     Fracture   conchoidal.     The  analyses  agree  closely  with  the  formula  MgS04  + 
7aq,  viz. : 

S03  MgO  II..O 

1.  Stassfurfc  0)  S9-23  9'83  51-17     =     100-22. 

2.  Leopoldshall  19-31  9'77  51-20     =     KJO'28. 

Occurs  forming  thin  layers  associated  with  carnallite,  at  Stassfurt  and  Leopoldshall. 

ERDMANNITE.— Engstrom  (Inaug.  Diss.  Upsala,  1877.  abstr.  in  Z.  Kryst.  iii.,  199,  1878) 
has  analyzed  a  mineral  from  the  Stocko,  Norway,  which  he  regards  as  probably  the  same 
as  that  named  erdmannite  by  Esmark  (Mm.,  p.  414,  see  Berlin,  Pogg.  Ann.,  Ixxxviii.,  162), 
and  also  identical  with  that  analyzed  by  Michaelson  and  Nobel  (Michaelsonite,  Min.,  p. 
289).  He  obtained  :  SiO..  25-15,  B2O3  8'18,  Zr02  2  14,  ThO,  9'93,  Fe203  3-01,  Ce.203  9-00, 
Dio(La2)03  8-66,  Y,O3  1-64,  Er,03  0-50,  FeO  316,  CaO  18  78,  BeO  3-16,  Na,0  1'02,  K20 
0'42,  H20  5-25  =  100.  The  author  writes  the  formula  R3Si06  +  Be2SiO6  +  3aq,  and  sug- 
gests a  relation  to  datolite. 

Another  mineral  related  to  erdmannite,  analyzed  by  Damour  (Ann.  Ch.  Phys.,  V.,  xii., 
411,  1877)  gave  results  varying  somewhat  widely  from  the  above  analysis;  he  found  12*10 
p.  c.  HV>O  (see  Homilite,  p.  59). 

Erilite.  //.  C.  Lewis,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1880,  292.  Minute  acicular  crystals, 
looking  like  tufts  of  white  wool,  observed  in  a  cavity  in  quartz  from  Herkimer  Co.,  N.  Y. ; 
chemical  nature  unknown.  The  cavity  also  contained  a  liquid  of  undetermined  character. 
[A  substance  of  unknown  characters,  not  even  proved  to  be  new,  does  not  deserve  a  name 
— the  practice  of  provisionally  attaching  names  in  such  cases  is  to  be  condemned.] 

Eriochalcite.  Copper  chloride  from  Vesuvius  (1870),  by  Scacchi  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i., 
132). 

ERSBYITE. — Min.,  p.  361;  App.  II.,  p.  19. 
ERYTHRITE. — Min.,  p.  558;  App.  II.,  p.  19. 

ERYTHROSIDERITE,  App.  II.,  p.  19. — Vesuvius,  Search  i,  Contrib.  Min.,  II.,  p.  42,  1874. 
DOUGLASITE,  from  Douglasshall,  is  2KC1,  FeCl2,  211 20,  Ochsenius,  Prccht,  Ber.  Ch. 
Ges.,  xiii.,  2328,  1881. 

Brythrozincite.  Damour,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iii.,  156,  1880.  Occurs  in  thin  plates  appar- 
ently crystalline.  Color  red.  Streak  pale  yellow.  Translucent.  Contains  sulphur,  zinc, 
and  manganese,  as  proved  by  a  qualitative  examination  on  the  small  amount  of  material 
available.  B.  B.  gives  sulphurous  fumes  in  the  open  tube,  fuses  in  the  forceps  to  a  black- 
ish slag.  Dissolves  in  nitric  acid  with  the  separation  of  a  little  sulphur.  Occurs  in  veins 
of  lapis  lazuli,  from  Siberia.  Des  Cloizeaux  (ib.,  iv.,  40,  1881)  finds  that  cleavage  plates 
of  this  mineral  show  in  polarized  light  a  black  cross  (positive),  resembling  that  of  wurtzite, 
both  natural  and  artificial.  lie  concludes  that  it  is  probably  a  inanganesian  variety  of 
this  mineral. 

ESMARKITE. — See  Anorthite,  p.  7;  and  App.  II.,  p.  19. 

ETTRIXGITE,  App.  II.,  p.  19. — Optically  uniaxial,  negative,  Bertrand,  Bull.  Soc.  Min., 
iv.,  34,  1881. 

Euchlorite. — See  Mica  Group,  p.  77. 

EUCLASE,  Min.,  p.  379;  App.  II.,  p.  19. — Oryst.,  Kulibin,  Verh.  Min  Ges.  St.  Pet.,  II., 
xiv.,  147,  1879.  Brazil,  Guyot,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  250,  1880.  From  the  Hohe  Tauern,  Tyrol, 
perhaps  from  Kauris,  crystals  describecl  by  Becke,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  iv.,  147,  1881. 

Eucrasite.     S.  R.  Paijkull,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iii.,  350,  1877. 

Orthorhombic(?).    H.  =  4'5-5.  G.  =  4'39.  Lustre  greasy.   Color  blackish  brown.  Streak 


44 


APPENDIX  IH. 


brown.  Slightly  translucent  in  thin  splinters.  Fracture  uneven.  Brittle.  Analysis  • 
Si02  16-20,  Ti02  1-27,  Sn02(?)  1-15,  ZrOo  0-60,  Mn02  2-34,  Th02  35-96,  CeOa  5-48  Cea08 
6-13,  La203  (Di203)2-42,  Y203  4-33,  Er203 1-62,  Fea08  4-25,  A1203 1-77,  CaO  4'00,  MgO  0-95, 

K20  0-11,  Na20  2-48,  H20  9'15  =  100-21.  The  quantivalent  ratio  for  R  :  [R2] :  II  :  Si  (Ti)  • 
H  =  2-18  :  4-47  :  6-67  :  9-14  :  8-13.  B.  B.  fusible  (at  4)  on  the  edges.  The  borax  bead  in 
the  R.  F.  is  violet,  in  the  0.  F.  yellow.  In  hydrochloric  acid  partially  soluble,  with  the 
evolution  of  chlorine.  Completely  soluble  in  sulphuric  acid.  Occurs  near  Barkevik, 
Brevig,  Norway.  Named  from  ev  and  xpc?tfz?.  [This  is  the  mineral  which  has  been 
referred,  with  a  question,  to  polycrase,  and  also  to  polymignite,  Dana,  Min.,  p.  523.  It 
seems,  however,  to  be  closely  related  to  thorite,  Min.,  p.  413.] 


Eucryptite. 
Hexagonal. 


G.  J.  Brush  and  E.  S.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  Ill,,  xx.,  266,  1880. 
Cleavage  probably  basal.  In  symmetrically  arranged  crystals,  imbedded  in 
albite  (see^figure).  G.  =2-667.  Color. white.  Com- 
position Li2  [A12]  SiaOn,  which  requires:  SiOo  47*51, 
Alo03  40-61,  Li20  11-88  =  100.  Gelatinizes  in  hydro- 
chloric acid. 

Eucryptite  forms  with  albite  an  apparently  homo- 
geneous substance,  called  by  the  authors  ' '  ft  spodu- 
mene ;  "  it  is  derived  from  the  alteration  of  spodu- 
mene.  The  microscope  shows  the  two  minerals  of 
which  this  substance  is  made  up,  and  chemical  analy- 
sis serves  to  separate  the  latter  into  a  soluble  portion 
(eucryptite),  and  an  insoluble  portion,  albite.  31iis  is 
further  explained,  with  analyses,  on  p.  113.  From 
Branchville,  Conn.  Named  from  ev,  well,  and  xpvic- 
rds,  concealed. 


EUDIALYTE,  Min.,  p.  248;  App.  II.,  p.  19.— Green- 
land, v.  Kokscharof,  Verh.  Min.  Ges.  St.  Pet.,  II.,  xiv., 
205,  1878;  Min.  Russl.,  viii.,  29,  1878. 


EUDNOPHITE,  Min.  p.  433.— Anal.,  Damour,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  239,  1881. 

EULYTITE,  Min  ,  p.  391  ;  App.  II.,  p.  19. — Bertrand  regards  the  apparently  tetrahedral 
crystals  as  formed  of  four  rhombohedrons  of  120°,  placed  with  their  vertices  at  a  common 
point.  A  section  cut  parallel  to  a  tetrahedral  face  exhibits,  in  converging  polarized  light, 
a  single  negative  axis  perpendicular  to  it,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  61,  1881. 

EURALITE. — App.  I.,  p.  6. 

• 

EUSYXOHTTE,  Min.,  p.  609.— A  related  mineral  from  Laurium,  Greece,  gave  Pisani  (C.  R., 
xeii.,  1292,  1881) :  V205  25-53,  PbO  50-75,  CuO  18-40,  CaO  1-53,  H20  4-25=  100-46,  corre- 
sponding to  (Pb,  Cu)3V208,  if  the  water  is  neglected.  Occurs  in  crystalline  crusts  on 
quartz  ;  color  greenish  black  to  olive  green. 

Another  closely  related  mineral  is  called  TRITOCHORITE  by  A.  Frenzel  (Min.  Petr.  Mitth., 
iii.,  506;  iv.,  97, 1881).  Massive,  structure  fibrous-columnar.  Cleavage  parallel  to  fibres, 
distinct.  H.  =  3 '5.  G.  =  6'25.  Color  blackish  brown  to  yellowish  brown.  Analysis  : 


(I) 


VaO. 

24-41 


3-76 


PbO 
53-90 


CuO 
7-04 


ZnO 

11-06     =     100-17. 


Formula  approximately  R3V208,  with  R  =  Pb,  Cu,  Zn.  B.  B.  fuses  easily  with  intumes- 
cence, giving  off  arsenical  fumes.  On  charcoal  gives  coatings  of  lead  and  zinc,  and  in 
R.  F.  a  lead  globule.  Soluble  in  HNO«  and  in  HC1.  From  "  Mexico  or  South  America." 
Named  from  rpiroS,  third,  and  x^pe^,  to  follow,  in  allusion  to  its  relation  to  eusynchite 
and  araoxene  (Rammelsberg,  Min.  Chem.,  2d  ed.,  p.  290,  291). 

EUXENITE,  Min.,  p.  521;  App.  II. ,  p.  20.— Cryst.  form,  Brogger,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  483, 
1879. 


APPENDIX  HI. 


45 


A  mineral  occurring  with  samarskite  in  Mitchell  Co.,  N.  C.,  gave  J.  L.  Smith  (Am.  J. 
Sc.,  Ill  xiii  365  1877):  CbaO6  54-12,  W03,  Sn03  0*21,  Ya03,  Cea03  24'10,  U2O3  9-53,  CaO 
5-53,  MnO  0-08,  FeO  0-31,  H20  5'70  =  99'58.  G.  =  4 '593-4 '642.  Color  brownish  black 
to  hair  brown  ;  translucent  in  thin  fragments;  lustre  resinous.  [Smith  calls  this  euxenite, 
but  that  it  cannot  be;  for  example,  Rainmelsberg  finds  in  true  euxenite  20-23 '5  p.  c.  Ti02, 
and  G.  =  4-67-5-1.] 

FAHLERZ. — See  Tetrahedrite,  p.  120. 
FAHLUNITE.—  Min.,  p.  484;  App.  II.,  p.  20. 

Fairfieldite.     a.  J.  Brush  and  E.  S.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xvii.,  359,  1879. 
Triclinic.     Axes:  c  :  I  :  a  =  0*7065  :  3 -5757  : 1-0000    Observed  planes  (see  figure)  i-l  (a), 

i-l(b),  0(c\  *-|' (g),  I'(m\  i-\'  (n\  *-2(o),  I(u\-l'(p\-$'(q\-$ 
(r)t  _4_4(S).  Angles  ab  =78%  ac  —  92 J,  ap  —  123  30',  cp  —  147°, 
bp  -=  101°  30'.  Cleavage  b  highly  perfect,  a  less  so.  Usually 
in  foliated  to  lamellar  crystalline  aggregates ;  occasionally  curved, 
foliated,  or  fibrous,  in  radiating  masses.  H.  =  3*5  G.  —  3*15. 
Color  white  to  pale  straw  yellow.  Streak  white.  Lustre  pearly 
to  sub-adamantine,  on  the  surface  of  perfect  cleavage  (&)  very 
brilliant.  Transparent.  Brittle.  The  planes  of  light  vibration 
intersect  a  in  lines  making  angles  of  40°  and  50°  with  the  obtuse 
edge  a  /  b;  in  the  latter,  an  optic  axis  is  visible  toward  the  edge 
named.  The  planes  intersect  b  in  lines  making  angles  of  10° 
and  80°  with  the  edge  a  /  b,  the  second  axis  visible  in  this 
plane. 

Analyses  by  S.  L.  Penfield,  1,.  of  a  clear  transparent  variety, 
filling  cavities  in  reddingite  ;  2,  of  the  massive,  somewhat 
friable  variety  : 


P205        FeO        MnO         CaO       Na.O       K20        H20     Quartz 

1.  38-39        5-62        15'55        28'85        0-73        0-13        9-98        1-81      =    100-56. 

2.  39-62        7-00        12-40        30*76        0"30  9'67        0'55      =    100-30. 


The  ratio  of  P205  :  RO :  HoO  is  1  :  3  :  2,  and  the  formula  R3P208  +  2aq,  with  R  =  Ca: 
(Mn  +  Fe)-2:l.  This  requires:  P,05  39-30,  FeO  6-64,  MnO  13-10,  CaO  30'99,  H20 
9'97  =  100.  B.  B.  glows,  blackens,  and  fuses  at  4*15  to  a  dark  yellowish  brown  mass, 
coloring  the  flame  pale  green,  with  faint  reddish  yellow  streaks  on  the  upper  edge.  Reac- 
tions for  iron  and  manganese  with  the  fluxes.  In  the  closed  tube  gives  off  neutral  water; 
turns  first  yellow,  then  dark  brown,  and  becomes  magnetic.  Soluble  in  HC1  and  HN03. 
Occurs  with  other  manganesian  phosphates  at  Branchviiie,  Fairfield  Co.,  Conn.  In  com- 
position fairfieldite  is  analogous  to  roselite,  p.  105. 

FAMATINITE,  App.  II.,  p.  20. — With  enargite  from  Cerro  de  Pasca,  Peru,  anal.  Frenzel 
(J.  Min.,  1875,  679)  S  33-46,  Sb  10-93,  As  7'62,  Cu  41-11,  Fe  6'43  =  99'55,  corresponding 
to  the  formula  8Cu3S  +  (Sb,  As)2S5,  or  that  of  enargite/ 

According  to  'com  Rath  (Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  426),  the  famatinite  from  the  Argentine  Repub- 
lic, which  also  occurs  with  enargite  (App.  II.,  p.  20),  has  the  same  form  and  angles  as 
the  latter  mineral,  as  was  to  be  expected  from  the  essential  identity  in  composition. 

See  also  Enargite,  p.  41,  and  Clarite,  p.  27. 

FAUJASITE.— Min.,  p.  433;  App.  II.,  p.  20. 

FELDSPAR  GROUP,  Min.,  pp.  335  to  361;  and  App.  II.,  p.  20.— Cryst.,  methods  of  twin- 
ning of  triclinic  feldspars,  vom  Rath,  J.  Min.,  1876,  169. 

Microscopic  structure,  Rutley,  Q.  J.  G.  Soc. ,  1875,  479.  Optical  examination  of  micro- 
cline,  orthoclase,  and  various  triclinic  feldspars,  Des  Cloizeaux,  Ann.  Ch.  Phys.,  V.,  ix., 
433,  1876.  Cryst.  and  opt.  examination,  Wiik,  CEfv.  Finsk.  Vet.  Soc.,  xix.,  60,  1876-77, 
giving  results  similar  to  those  more  fully  obtained  by  Schuster  (see  below).  Determination 
bjr  optical  methods  in  thin  rook  sections,  Levy,  Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  xii.,  440  et  seq.,  1877; 


46  APPENDIX   III. 

see  also  Th<Ailct,  Ann.  Min.,  xiy.,  115  et  seq.,  1878.  Discussion  of  the  specific  gravities  of 
the  feldspar  species,  Goldschmidt,  J.  Min.,  Beil.-Bd.,  i.,  203,  1»81. 

Schuster  (Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  iii.,  117,  1880),  has  carried  through  a  long  series  of  observa- 
tions as  to  the  optical  characters  of  the  triclinic  feldspars ;  and  has  established  the  important 
conclusion  that  in  an  optical  sense  there  is  the  same  gradual  transition  from  one  extreme 
(albite},  to  the  other  (anorthite),  as  is  observed  in  the  chemical  composition.  Thus,  he  finds 
that  the  position  of  the  extinction-directions,  as  observed  011  the  basal  and  clinodiagonal 
planes,  the  position  of  the  axes  of  elasticity,  the  dispersion  of  the  axes,  and  the  axial  angle,  all 
show  this  gradual  change  in  the  same  direction.  These  conclusions  obviously  confirm 'the 
now  almost  universally  accepted  view  of  Tschermak,  that  the  intermediate  triclinic  feld- 
spars (plagioclase)  are  to  be  regarded  as  isomorphous  mixtures  of  albite  and  anorthite. 

Mallard  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  96,  1881),  has  gone  further  and  shown  that  by  means  of 
formulas  deduced  by  him  (ib.,  p.  71),  on  the  view  that  in  isomorphous  mixtures  (as  of  albito 
and  anorthite)  each  element  usually  enters  without  change  of  its  own  characters,  it  is  possi- 
ble to  calculate  the  direction  of  extinction  for  the  two  planes  (0  and  i-l)\  the  results  of 
calculation  and  experiment  agree  very  closely.  Experiments  by  Fouque  and  L'tiy  (Bull. 
Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  63,  1881),  on  a  series  of  feldspathic  microlites  intermediate  between  albite 
and  anorthite,  give  results  at  variance  with  the  above  conclusions. 

Analyses  of  feldspars  from  various  localities  in  Scotland,  monograph,  Ilcddlc,  Trans. 
Roy.  Soc.  Edinb.,  xxviii.,  197  et  seq.,  1877;  Min.  Mag.,  ii.,  36,  1878.  From  volcanic 
rocks  of  the  Andes,  vorn  Rath,  ZS.  Gr.  Ges.,  xxvii.,  295  et  seq.,  1875.  Discussion  of 
composition  by  the  same,  J.  Min.,  1875,  397.  Smita,  Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  265. 

Examination  of  the  feldspar  pseudomorphs  of  the  Wilhelmsleite,  near  llmenau,  Dalmer, 
J.  Min.,  1878,  225. 

Species  determined  by  the  flame  reactions,  Szabb  (for  title  see  Bibliography  in  Introduc- 
tion); determined  by  their  fusibility,  Bischof,  Dingi.  Pol.  Journ.,  ccxxii.,  319;  ccxxiii,  265. 

Artificial  formation  of  feldspar  species:  Fouque  and  Levy,  C.  R.,  Ixxxvii.,  700,  779;  xc., 
620,  1880;  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  63,  1881  (see  also  under  Orthoclase,  p.  87). 

Genth  (Report  Min.  Penn.,  p.  224,  1876)  shows  that  the  varieties  of  orthoclase,  called  by 
Lea  lennilite  and  delawarite,  are  identical;  an  analysis  showed  9'11  K20,  4'88  Na20. 
Analysis  of  Lea's  cassinite  from  Blue  Hill,  Delaware  Co.,  gave: 

Si02     Al.,03  Fe203    BaO    CaO   MgO    SrO  Na20  K,0    is?n 
G.  =  2-692    (i)    62-00    19-97      0-12     3'71    019    0'02     tr.      4-43    9'00    0-19  =  100-23. 

This  feldspar  is  remarkable  for  affording  3'7  p.  c.  BaO,  but  an  optical  examination  is 
needed  to  decide  its  true  relations. 

Another  feldspar  containing  barium  has  been  described  optically  by  Des  Cloizeaux,  and 
chemically  by  Pisani  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  84,  1878);  locality  unknown.  Triclinic,  with  the 
angle  between  the  cleavage  planes  =  86°  37'  (near  labradorite),  in  optical  relations,  ap- 
proaches oligoclase  and  albite.  An  analysis  gave : 

Si02     A1203   Fe203  BaO    CaO    MgO    Na20   K20    ign 
G.  =  2-835        55-10    23-20     0-45    7-30    1-8J    0-56     7-45     0-83    3-72     =     100-44. 

Quantivalent  ratio  of  R  :  [Ro]  :  Si  =  1 :  3  :  8,  or  that  of  hyalophane,  giving  the  formula 
(Na2,  Ba)  [Al,]  Si4012  [but  note  the  loss  of  3-7  p.  c.], 
See  also  albite,  anorthite,  labradorite,  microcline,  oligoclase ,  orthoclase. 

FERGUSONITE,  Min.,  p.  524;  App.  II.,  p.  21.— New  localities:  Rockport,  Mass.,  anal.  J. 
L.  Smith,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xiii.,  367,  1877;  Burke  Co.,  N.  C.,  id.,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iii., 
195,  also  Hidden,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xx.,  150,  1880.  Mitchell  Co.,  N.  C.,  Shepard,  Am.  J. 
Sc.,  III.,  xx.,  57. 

FERRITE. — App.  II.,  p.  21. 
FEEEOILMENITE. — App.  I.,  p.  6. 

Ferrotellurite.    F.  A.  Genth,  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  xvii.,  119,  1877;  or  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  8. 
In  delicate  radiating  tufts,  also  in  very  minute  prismatic  crystals.     Color' between  straw 


APPENDIX  m.  47 

and  lemon-yellow  inclining  to  greenish  yellow.  Contains  iron,  tellurium.  Composition 
suggested  on  the  basis  of  a  qualitative  analysis,  FeTe04.  Insoluble  in  ammonia ;  soluble 
in  HC1.  Found  as  a  coating  on  quartz  associated  with  native  tellurium  and  tellurite.  at 
the  Keystone  mine,  Magnolia  District,  Colorado.  [Needs  further  examination.] 

FERROTUNGSTEN.— App.  II.,  p.  21. 

FIFBROFERRITE,  Miii.,  p.  656;  App.  II.,  p.  21. — Anal.,  [Fe.>]  S2H4Oii  +  8aq,  Chili,  Brun, 
Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  104,  1880. 

FIBROLITE,  Min.,  p.  373;  App.  II.,  p.  21.— St.  Michel,  Finland,  F.  J.  Wiik,  Z.  Kryst., 
ii.,  496. 

Optical  examination,  orthorhombic,  Des  Cloizeaux,  Bull.  Soc.  Min..  iv.,  258,  1881. 

FICHTELITE. — Min.,  p.  735;  App.  II.,  p.  21. 

Fillowite.     G.  J.  Brush  and  E.  S.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xvii.,  363,  1879. 

Monoclinic;  pseudo-rhombohedral.  Axis  c  (vert.)  :  b  :  d  =  -8201  :  '5779  :  1 ;  ft  —  89°  51'. 
Observed  planes  (see  fig.):  0  (c),  2-i  (d),  1  (p).  Angle  cd  =  121°  29',  cp  —  121°  20',  pp  = 
84 J  37'.  Cleavage  basal,  nearly  perfect.  In  granular  crystalline  masses.  H.  =  4-5. 
G.  =3*43.  Lustre  sub-resinous  to  greasy.  Color  wax-yellow,  yellowish  to  reddish  brown, 
colorless.  Streak  white.  Transparent  to  translucent.  Analysis  by  S.  L.  Penfield  : 

P205       FeO      MnO       CaO      NaaO      Li2O      HaO    Quartz. 
(|)        39-10       933        39-42        4'08        5'74        O'OG        1'66        0-88  =  100-27. 

The  ratio  for  P,05  :  RO  :  HoO  =  1:8:^,  and  the  formula  is 
3R3P,0,  +  aq.  If  R  =  Mn  :  Fe  :  Ca  :  Na_>  =  6  :  1  :  1  :  1,  this 
requires:  P206  40- 19,  FeO  6-80,  MnO  40-19,  CaO  5'28,  X;i -,(') 
5-84,  II20  1-70  —  100.  B.  B.  fuses  at  1-5,  with  intumescence 
to  a  black  feebly  magnetic  mass,  coloring  the  flame  momenta- 
rily pale  green,  then  intensely  yellow.  In  the  closed  tube  ,-i 
little  neutral  water.  With  the  fluxes  reactions  for  manganese 
and  iron.  Soluble  in  HC1  and  HX<):. 

Occurs  with  other  manganesian  phosphates,  especially  reddingite  and  triploidite,  in  a 
vein  of  albitic  granite  at  Branch ville,  Conn.  Named  after  Mr.  A.  N.  Fillow,  of  Branch- 
ville. 

FISCHERITE,  Min.  p.  582.—  Des  Cloizeaux,  Verb.  Min.  Ges.  St.  Pet.,  II.,  xi.,  32,  1876; 
v.  Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  vii.,  23. 

. 
FLUOCERITE.— Min.,  p.  126;  App.  II.  p.  21. 

FLUORITE,  Min.,  p.  123;  App.  II.,  p.  21.— Oryst.,  Striegau,  Silesia,  v.  Lasaulx,  J.'Min., 
1875,  134,  and  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  359,  1877;  Kongsberg,  Norway,  same,  ib.,  p.  368;  Munsterthal, 
Klocke,  Ber.  Nat.  Ges.  Freiberg,  vi.,  461,  1876.  Natural  etchings  on  crystalline  faces, 
due  to  trapezohedron  3-3,  Werner,  J.  Min.,  1881,  i.,  14. 

"Photo-electricity,"  Hankel,  Wied.  Ann.,  ii.,  66,  1877.  Constants  of  elasticity,  Klang, 
Wied.  Ann.,  xii.,  321,  1881. 

Dark-colored  varieties  from  Walsendorf  ( ' '  antozonite  ")  yield  free  fluorine  on  fresh  frac- 
ture, perhaps  from  eerie  fluoride,  Loew,  Ber.  Chem.  Ges.,  xiv.,  1144,  1881. 

According  to  Mallard  (Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  115,  1876),  fluorite  is  only  pseudo-isometric, 
the  method  of  grouping  of  the  individual  crystals  being  analogous  to  analcite  (q.  v. ;  also 
see  p.  viii). 

FORESITE,  App.  II.,  p.  22.— Similar  to  stilbite  in  optical  characters,  Des  Cloizeaux,  J. 
Min.,  1876.  640 

Analysis  by  Sansoni-.  (f )  SiO,  49-97,  AL03  24-12,  CaO  8-3%  Na20,  K20  0-46,  H20  17-06, 
MgO  tr.  =  99-94.  He  calls  attention  to  the  similarity  to  stilbite,  and  questions  whether  the 
species  is  really  independent  of  it.  Att.  Soc.  Tosc.,  iv.,  317,  1879. 


48  APPENDIX  m. 

Franklandite,  Reynolds,  Phil.  Mag.,  V.,  iii.,  284,  1877. 

Massive,  with  fine  fibrous  structure.  H.  =  1.  G.  =  1-65.  Color  white.  An  analysis 
gave  : 

B203  CaO  Na20  H20  (Na,K)  Cl    CaS04  +  2aq. 

[43-76*]  12-10*  12-37  27-92  2-41  1-44    =    100. 

*  Other  independent  determinations  gave  B2O3  41  '81,  CaO  11  '94,  H2O  27'66. 

Deducting  impurities,  the  formula  deduced  is  Na4Cfa2B]L-Ooy,  15H20.  Slightly  soluble 
in  water,  readily  in  dilute  HC1  and  HN03.  Fuses  easily.  From  Tarapaca,  Peru.  [Very 
near  ulexite,  Min.,  p.  598.] 

FRANKLINITE,  Min.,  p.  152;  App.  II.,  p.  22.—  Franklin  Furnace,  N".  J.,  analyses  giving 
the  spinel  ratio,  Seyms,  Am.  J.  So.,  III.,  xii.,  210,  1876. 

Fredricite.—  See  Tennantite,  p.  119. 


Morawski,  quoted  by  him,  yielded  the  same  result,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  159,  1878. 
Bertrand  mentions  diaphorite  from  Zancudo,  Xew  Granada,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iii.,  Ill,  1880. 

FRENZELITE.  —  See  Guanajuatite,  p.  53. 

Freyalite.    Esmark  ;  Damour,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  33,  1878. 

Resembles  some  brown  thorites.  Scratches  glass  slightly.  G.  =  4-06-4-17.  Color 
brown.  Streak  yellowish  gray.  Translucent  in  thin  splinters.  Lustre  resinous.  An 
approximate  analysis  gave: 

SiO3    Ce304  LaaOa,  Di203  Th02  Al203(Zr02?)  Fe203  Mn304  K20,  Na20  H20  ign. 
20-02    28-80          ?47         28-39          6-31  2-47    1-78  2-33       7-400-82=100-79. 

B.  B.  swells  up  but  does  not  fuse.  In  the  closed  tube  decrepitates,  gives  off  water,  and 
becomes  white.  With  salt  of  phosphorus  in  R.  F.  dissolves,  forming  an  opal-like  glass, 
which  in  0.  F.  becomes  brown,  and  on  cooling  is  colorless  and  translucent.  With  borax  in 
O.  F.  gives  a  transparent  brown  bead,  becoming  almost  colorless  on  cooling,  and  showing  in 
the  spectroscope  an  absorption  band  on  the  border  of  the  red  and  orange  (Di).  Dissolves 
readily  in  acid,  giving  gelatinous  silica.  With  II.C1  chlorine  is  given  off.  From  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Brcvig,  Norway. 

Friedelite.    Bertrand,  C.  R.,  Ixxxii.,  1167,  1876;  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  86. 

Rhombohedral  ;  c  (vert.)  =  0'5624.  Crystals  often  tabular.  Observed  planes  0,  R,  and  /, 
the  two  last  often  striated  parallel  to  their  intersection-edge.  0  A  R  =  147°,  R  A  R  = 
123°  42'.  Double  refraction  strong,  axis  negative.  Cleavage  basal  perfect.  Massive,  with 
saccharoidal  structure  and  distinct  cleavage,  passing  into  close  compact  with  indistinct 
cleavage.  H.  =  4-5.  G.  =  3  '07.  Color  rose  red.  Powder  pale  rose.  Transparent-trans- 
lucent. Optically  uniaxial,  negative.  Analysis  (mean  of  several)  : 

Si02  MnO(FeOtr.         MgO.  CaO  H.-O 

36-12  53-05  2-96  7'87  =  100. 

Formula  deduced:  Mn4Si3Oi0,  2H20.  B.  B.  fuses  easily  to  a  black  glass.  Gives  off 
water  in  the  closed  tube.  Reaction  for  manganese  with  the  fluxes.  In  HC1  dissolves, 
forming  a  jelly.  Associated  with  rhodochrosite  and  alabandite  at  the  manganese  mine 
of  Adervielle,  vallee  du  Louron,  Hautes  Pyrenees.  [The  formula  may  be  written 
H4Mn4Si3Oi2  =  R2Si04,  the  composition  then  corresponds  with  that  of  dioptase  H2CuSi04, 
to  which  it  seems  to  be  related  in  form.] 


APPENDIX  m.  49 

Prieseite. — See  Sterribergite,  p.  115. 
Frigidite.— See  Tetrdhedrite,  p.  115. 

GADOLINITE,  Min.,  p.  293;  App.  II.,  p.  22. — Microscopic  examination  of  specimens  from 
different  localities,  A.  SjSgren,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iii.,  268,  1877. 

Anal.,  Stora  Tuna,  Gr.  Lindstrom,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  218,  1874.  Humpidge  and 
Burney,  J.  Ch.  Soc.,  xxxv.,  117,  1879  (Z.  Kryst.,  vi.,  94). 

Examination  of  earths  contained,  Mnrigtiac,  Bibl.  Univ.  Gen.,  Ixi.,  283,  1878;  (ytterbium), 
Ixiv.,  1878.  Containing  scandium,  Ckve,  CEfv.  Ak  Stockh.,  xxxvi.,  7,  p.  3,  1879. 

GAHNITE,  Min.,  p.  149;  App.  II.,  p.  23. — Anal.,  Brazil,  Damour,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  93, 
1878.  Tiriolo,  Calabria,  Mauro,  Ace.  Line.  Trans.,  III.,  iii.,  65,  1879. 

Formed  with  tridymite  at  a  zinc  furnace,  from  the  alteration  of  the  distillation  vessels, 
Schulze  and  Stelz-ner,  J.  Min.,  1881,  i.,  120. 

GALENITE,  Min.,  p.  40;  App.  TT.,  p.  23. — Cryst.,  Freiberg,  etc.,  Grotk,  Min.-Samml. 
Strassburg,  p.  46,  1878.  Hesselbach,  Westphalia,  vom  Math,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  428,  1880. 
"Schlagfiguren,"  Weiss,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxix.,  209,  1877. 

Habach,  Salzburg  (BiaS8  1  97  p.  c.,  G.  =  7.50).  Octahedral  cleavage  very  perfect,  cubic 
less  so.  After  ignition  cubic;  cleavage  most  readily  obtained  ;  with  interposed  twinning 
lamella?  parallel  3-3,  v.  Zepharovich,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  155,  1877.  A  crystal  (15  grams)  with 
perfect  octahedral  cleavage  has  been  found  by  Brun  on  the  glacier  of  Leschant,  Mont 
Blanc,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  260,  1881. 

Recent  formation  from  Bourbonne-les-Bains,  Daubree,  C.  R.,  Ixxx.,  604,  1875  ;  Ixxxi., 
184.  Containing  selenium,  Guanajuato,  Mexico,  Navia,  Naturaleza,  iv.,  42,  1877. 

Pseudomorph  after  staurolite,  Brittany,  Firket,  Bull.  Soc.  Geol.  Belg.,  vi.,  152,  1879. 

See  also  Huascolite,  p.  60. 

Galenobismutite.     H.  Sjogren,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iv.,  109,  1878. 

Massive,  compact,  sometimes  radiated.  H.  —  3-4.  G.  =  6 '88.  Lustre  metallic,  brill- 
iant. Color  tin  white.  Streak  grayish  black,  shining.  Composition  PbBiS4,  or  PbS  + 
Bi2S3  =  S  16-95,  Bi  55-62,  Pb  27 "43  =  100.  Analyses  (1.  c.): 

S  Bi  Pb  Fe 

1.  17-35  54-69  2765  tr.         =     99-69. 

2.  16- 18  54-13  27-18  tr         =     98'09. 

B.  B.  reacts  for  bismuth  and  lead,  fusing  easily  on  charcoal.  Dissolves  with  difficulty  in 
hydrochloric  acid,  readily  in  strong  nitric  acid.  Occurs  with  bismutite  at  the  Kogrufva, 
Nordmark,  Wermland,  Sweden.  Sometimes  carries  gold.  [The  bismuth  compound  corre- 
sponding to  zinkenite  and  sartorite.  ] 

A  related  mineral,  containing  a  little  selenium,  is  described  by  Atterlerg  as  occurring  at 
Fahlun,  Sweden  (Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  76,  1874^,  as  follows  : 

Massive.  H.  =  2-3.  Lustre  metallic.  Color  steel  gray,  becoming  slightly  reddish. 
An  analysis  gave  (5):  Bi  68'40,  S  10-H9,  Se  1'15,  Pb  17'90,  Fel'52,  insol.  (quartz)  1'60  = 
100-96.  The  calculated  formula  is  Bi3PbS3.  The  substance  is  regarded  as  an  intimate 
mixture  of  native  bismuth  with  a  sulphobismutite  of  lead  (PbS,  Bi2S3).  The  author  adds 
that  such  mixtures,  containing  metallic  bismuth,  are  not  uncommon  (see  Silaonite,  p.  53). 

Another  related  mineral,  also  from  Fahlun,  has  been  examined  by  Nordstrom  (ib.,  iv., 
268,  1879),  containing  4'79-5'H  p.  c.  Se. 

Ganomalite.    Nordenskiold,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iii.,  121,  1876;  883,  1877. 

Massive,  without  distinct  cleavage.  Strongly  doubly- refracting.  Optically  biaxial,  with 
very  small  angle  (Des  Clpizeaux,  Bull.  Soc.  Mm.,  i.,  8,  1878).  H.  -  4.  G.  —  4-98.  Lustre 
greasy.  Colorless  or  white,  to  whitish-gray.  Transparent.  Composition  (Pb,  Mn)Si03; 
approximate  analysis,  G.  Lindstrom  : 

Si02  PbO  MnO  CaO  MgO 

34-55  34-89  20-01  4"89  3 -68  alkalies,  ign.  1-88  =  99 -58. 

4 


50  APPENDIX   III. 

B.  B.  fuses  easily  to  a  clear  glass,  which  in  R,  F.  is  colored  black  by  reduced  lead.  On 
charcoal  with  soda  a  lead  globule,  and  a  coating  of  lead  oxide.  Easily  soluble  in  nitric 
acid,  with  the  separation  of  gelatinous  silica. 

Occurs  very  sparingly  with  tephroite  (which  it  closely  resembles),  native  lead,  calcite, 
and  jacobsite,  at  Langban,  Wermland,  Sweden.  Named  from  ydvoHia,  brightness. 

Nordenskiold  (p.  384)  mentions  the  occurrence  at  Langban,  of  a  second  lead  silicate, 
very  similar  in  appearance  and  blowpipe  reactions  to  the  above,  but  with  two  distinct  cleav- 
ages, at  an  angle  of  104°  33'.  The  material  available  was  too  scanty  for  full  examination, 
but  he  suggests  that  it  may  be  a  more  distinctly  crystallized  variety  of  ganomalite.  [Coin- 
pare  the  other  lead  silicates,  Kentrolite,  Hyalotekite,  Melanotekite.~\ 

GARNET,  Min.,  p.  265;  App.  II.,  p.  23.— Cryst.,  Geye'r,  Saxony,  v.  Lasaulx,  J.  Min., 
1875,  149.  As  a  secondary  mineral  on  trap  rock,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  also  anal.,  E.  8. 
Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xiv.,  215,  1877.  Ptitschthal,  Tyrol,  vom  Bath,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  173, 
1878;  Piz  Alpetta,  Dissentis,  Switzerland,  vom  Rath,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  495,  1881. 

(Colophonite)  possessing  double-re  fraction,  and  in  part,  at  least,  to  be  referred  to  vesu- 
vianite,  Wichmann,  Pogg.,  clvii ,  282,  1876;  v.  Lasaulx,  J.  Min.,  1876,630.  Specific 
gravity  determinations,  Church,  Geol.  Mag.,  II.,  ii.,  321,  18,5. 

Anal.,  in  lava  of  Sautorin  (melanite),  Fouque,  C.  R.,  Ixxx.,  631, 1875.  Yancey  Co.,  N.  C. 
(spessartite),  Konig<ProG.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1876,  53.  St.  Marcel  (spessartite),  l-'isani, 
C.  R.,  Ixxxiii.,  167,  1876.  Fichtelgebirge,  v.  Gerichten,  Ann.  Ch.  Pharm.,  clxxxv.,  209. 
Kaiserstuhl  (melanite,  3-7  p.  c.  Ti02\  Knop,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  62,  1877.  Scotland,  several 
localities  (11-15  p.  c.  MnO),  Heddle,  Min.  Mag.,  ii.,  85,  1878  (Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  Ed.,  xxviii., 
299  et  seq.,  187«).  Leiperville,  Delaware  Co.,  Penn.  (grossularite),  Konig,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat. 
Sc.  Phil.,  1878,  81.  Ural  (green  var.),  Church,  Min.  Mag.,  ii.,  191,  1871)  (but see  Z.  Kryst., 
v.,  614).  Pic  Posets,  near  La  Maladetta,  Pyrenees  (chrome)  Damour,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii., 
165,  1870.  Syssersk,  Ural  (demantoid),  Rammelsberg,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxix.,  819,  1877  ;  Wai* 
ler,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iv.,  184, 1878  ;  Loseh,  J.  Min.,  1879,  785  (see  Church,  above)  ;  v. 
Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  viii.,  310,  1881.  Wakefield,  Quebec  (4 -1:5  p.  c.  Cr203),  Har- 
rington, Can.  Nat.,  II.,  ix.,  305,  1880.  New  South  Wales,  Liversidge,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc. 
N.  S.  W.,  Sept.  1,  Nov.  3,  1880. 

Absorption  spectrum,  Voyel,  Ber.  Chesi.  Ges.,  Berlin,  x.,  373,  1877. 

Altered  to  chlorite,  La_ke  Superior,  Pumpelly,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  x.,  17,  1875. 

Occurrence  in  Hungarian  trachytes,  Szabo,  J.  Min.,  Beil.-Bd.,  i.,  J!02,  1881. 

Referred  by  Mallard  (Ann.  Min.,  VII. ,  x.,  100,  1876)  to  the  triclinic  system  (pseudo- 
isometric).  His  conclusions  are  supported  by  Bertrand  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  12,  13,  1881), 
who  describes  more  fully  the  supposed  method  of  grouping  of  the  biaxial  elements.  For 
example,  a  dodecahedral  crystal  of  aplome,  according  to  this  view,  is  made  up  of  48  biax- 
ial crystals  in  the  form  of  triangular  pyramids  meeting  at  the  centre  of  the  dodecahedron; 
the  bases  of  four  of  these  pyramids  together  form  a  dodecahedral  plane.  The  acute 
negative  bisectrix  is  sensibly  normal  to  the  base  of  the  pyramid,  and  the  plane  of  the  axes 
sensibly  parallel  to  the  longer  diameter  of  the  rhombic  face;  the  axial  angle  is  about  90°. 
Bertrand  adds  that  such  a  crystal  can  be  mechanically  divided  into  the  48  individuals  cor- 
responding to  the  optical  division  [but  see  also  p.  viii,  analcite,  p.  5,  boracite,  p.  17]. 

GARNIERITE,  App.  II.,  p.  23.— It  has  been  shown  that,  as  previously  suggested,  the  sub- 
stance called  garnierite  is  not  a  definite  mineral,  but  consists  of  a  hydrous  magriesian  sili- 
cate more  or  less  impregnated  with  nickel  oxide;  the  amounts  of  magnesia  and  nickel  vary 


C.  It.,  Ixxxii.,  1454,  1876;  Ixxxvi.,  684,  1878;  Des  Cloizeaux,  anal,  by  Damour,  Bull.  Soc. 
Min.,  i.,  29,  1878;  vom  Rath,  Ber.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn,  Jan.  and  July,  1878  (analyses  by 
Ulrich  and  Kiepenheuer) ;  Liversidge,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  Dec.  9,  1874,  and  Sept. 
1,  1880.  Liversidge  calls  the  commonly  occurring  dark  green  unctuous  mineral,  noumea- 
ite,  and  the  rarer  pale  green  adhesive  mineral,  garnierite  ;  the  latter  he  characterizes  as  a 
green-colored  halloysite;  in  the  former  the  NiO  varies  between  32'52  and  0'24  p.  c.,  and  the 
MgO  between  10-61  and  24 '82  p.  c. 
Similar  deposits  have  been  found  in  Spain,  Meissonier,  C.  R.,  Ixxxiii.,  229,  1876. 

Gastaldite.— See  Glaucophane,  p.  52. 


APPENDIX  III.  51 

GAY-LUSSITE,  Min.,  p.  706. — According  to  De3  Cloizeaux,  the  so-called  pseudomorphs  of 
calcium  carbonate  after  gay-lussite,  from  Sangerhausen,  have  nothing  to  do  with  the  latter 
mineral,  but  are  probably  pseudomorphs  after  celestite;  Groth  regards  them  as  pseudo- 
morphs after  anhydrite  (Min.-Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  142,  1878).  Clarence  King,  however, 
describes  large  tufa-like  deposits  of  calcium  carbonate  in  Nevada,  forming  beds  20  60  feet 
thick,  and  at  a  height  of  470  feet  above  the  present  level  of  Pyramid  Lake.  These  deposits 
are  regarded  as  the  shore  formation  of  an  enormous  lake,  called  Lake  Lahontan,  believed 
to  have  existed  in  quaternary  times.  This  calcium  carbonate  shows  occasionally  crystalline 
forms  resembling  true  gay-lussite,  and  the  whole  deposit  is  believed  to  have  existed  origin- 
ally as  this  mineral.  This  view  is  supported  by  the  fact  that  gay-lussite  is  now  found  well 
crystallized  in  a  lake  near  Ragtown,  Nevada,  which  is  also  a  remnant  of  Lake  Lahontan. 
For  this  pseudomorphous  shore  deposit  King  proposes  the  name  of  thinolite  (from  3/?, 
shore],  Geology  of  the  40th  Parallel,  vol.  i.,  508,  1879. 

Gay-iussite  has  been  made  artificially  by  'Favre  and  Soret,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  168, 
1881.  Crystallographic  and  optical  examination  of  natural  and  artificial  crystals,  Arzruni, 
Z.  Kryst.,  vi.,24,  1881. 

Gedanite.  Otto  Helm,  Arch.  Pharm.,  Ill,  xiii.,  503,  1878  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  133). 
A  resin  resembling  amber,  but  not  containing  succinic  acid,  and  less  rich  in  oxygen. 
II.  =  1-5-2.  G.  =  1-058-1-068.  Color  wine  yellow,  more  or  less  clear.  Transparent. 
Fragile.  Fracture  conchoidal.  Analysis  :  C  81 '01,  H  11  -41,  O  7'33,  S  0-25  =  100  (ash  l)-()6). 
Fuses  to  a  clear  odorless  liquid  at  18t>°,  and  sometimes  at  140°.  Found  with  amber  on  the 
shores  of  the  Baltic.  Named  from  Gfedanum,  Latin  name  of  Danzig. 

GEHLENITE. — Min.,  p.  370;  App.  II.,  p.  23. 
GENTHITE. — Min.,  p.  471;  App.  II.,  p.  24. 

GKOCKOMTJ:,  Min..  p.  105. — Anal.  (6  p.  c.  Cu),  Bjorkskognas,  Sweden,  Naucklioff,  Geol. 
For.  Forh.,  i.,  88,  1872. 

GERSDORFFITE,  Min.,  p.  72  ;  App.  II.,  p.  24.— Anal.  (12-54  p.  c.  Co),  Benahanis,  prov. 
of  Malaga,  Spain,  Genth,  Am.  Ch.  J.,  i.,  b24,  1879. 

An  auriferous  gersdorffite,  from  Rezbanya,  Hungary,  has  been  called  SOMMARUGAITE 
(Bull.  Soc.  Min,  i.,  143). 

GEYSERITE. — App.  II.,  p.  24. 

GIBBSITE,  Min  ,  p.  177.— Anal.,  French  Guiana,  Jannettaz,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  70,  1878. 

GIESECKITE. — Min.,  p.  479  ;  App.  II.,  p.  24. 

Ginilsite.  (Fischer,  Mitth.),  Rammelsberg,  Min.  Chem.,  2d  ed.,  ii.,  704  ;  ZS.  G.  Ges., 
xxviii.,  2:56,  Is76. 

Massive.  Color  grayish  yellow.  G.  =  3-404.  Analyses  :  1,  made  in  Rammelberg's 
laboratory;  2,  Rammelsberg,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxviii.,  236,  1876. 

Si03  AL03  Fe208  MgO  CaO  H20 

1.  38-75  4  83  16'33  9-48  26  52  3'73  =    99-63. 

2.  37-83  7-77  15-63  9'73  26-67  3'30  =  100'93. 

Formula  R,[R,].2Si702S  +  2aq.  This  requires:  SiOa  3710,  A1203  7 -85,  Fe203  16*07,  MgO 
4-42,  CaO  26-38,  H20  3'18  =  100.  Earlier  analyses  by  Fellenberg  and  others,  giving  very 
different  results,  are  discarded  by  Rammelsberg.  B.  B.  fuses  on  the  edges  to  a  dark  glass. 
From  Ginilsalp,  Gratibunden,  Switzerland.  [Needs  further  examination.] 

GISMONDITE,  Min.,  p.  418;  App.  II.,  p.  24.— Cryst..  Salesel,  Bohemia,  Seligmcmn,  Z. 
Kryst..  i. ,  336,  1877.  Schrauf,  Z.  Kryst. ,  i.,  596, 1877.  Scblauroth,  near  Gorlitz,  A.  v.  La- 
taulx,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  172,  1879.  The  crystalline  system  of  gismondite  was  first  given  as 


52  APPENDIX  m. 

tetragonal,  afterward  as  orthorhombic.  Later,  Schrauf  (1.  c.)  was  led  by  the  observed 
variations  in  angle  to  suggest  that  the  crystals  were  twins,  perhaps  of  triclinic  individuals ; 
von  Lasaulx  (1.  c.)  has  carried  on  a  more  extended  series  of  observations,  both  optical  and 
crystallographic,  and  has  established  the  truth  of  Schrauf 's  suggestion,  showing  the  met  hods 
of  twinning,  and  the  way  in  which  the  pseudo- tetragonal  forms  result  through  it. 

.  Giufite  (or  GIUFFITE). — See  Milarite,  p.  81. 
GLANCESPAR. — App.  II.,  p.  24. 
^GLASBACHITE. — App.  II.,  p.  24. 

GLAUBERITE,  Min.,  p.  627  ;  App.  II.,  p.  24. — Cryst.,  Pendschab,  India,  Schimper,  Z. 
Kryst.,  i.,  70,  1877. 

Aranjuez,  Tajo- Valley,  optical  investigation,  Laspeyres,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  529,  1877. 
Anal.,  Atacama,  Domeyko,  6th  App.,  Min.  Chili,  p.  45,  1878. 

GLAUCODOT,  Min.,  p.  80;  App.  II.,  p.  25. — Cryst.,  W.  J.  Lewis,  Phil.  Mag.,  V.,  in.,  354, 
1877;  Becke,  Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  101.  Sadebeck,  Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  35&  Groth,  Min.- 
Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  42,  1878. 

GLAUCONITE,  Min.,  p.  462  ;  App.  II.,  p.  25. — Anal.,  Is.  Gozzo,  v.  Bambergcr,  Min. 
Mitth.,  1877,  271.  Ashgrove,  near  Elgin,  Scotland,  Heddle,  Trans.  Soc.  Edinb.,  xxix., 
79,  1879. 

GLAUCOPHANE,  Min.,  p.  244. — Near  amphibole  in  form  and  composition,  from  Zermatt, 
Bodewig,  Pogg.  Ann.,  clviii  ,  224,  1876.  Syra,  anal.,  Ludecke,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxviii.,  249, 
1876.  With  garnet  and  mica  from  Balade  mine,  Ouegoa,  New  Caledonia,  anal.,  Liversidge, 
Proc.  R.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  Sept.  1,  1880.  Discussion  of  composition,  Hotter,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv., 
33,  1879.  Analyses  :  1,  Bodewig  (1.  c.)  ;  2,  Ludecke  (1.  c.);  3,  Liversidge  (1.  c.). 

Si02  A1.2O,  FeoO3  FeO  MnO  MgO  CaO  Ka.,O 

1.  Zermatt,  G.=  3-091  (1)57-81    12-03    2-17    578  ....     13'07  2'20  7'33  =  100-45. 

2.  Syra,  55'64     IS'll    3'08    6'85  0'56      7'80  2'40  9 '34  =  100-78. 

3.  New  Caledonia,  G.  =3-12(1)52-79    14'44   ....     9'82  tr.      11'02  4'29  5'26,  K2O  0'88,  H2O  1'38  =  99'88. 

A  mineral  closely  related  to  glaucophane,  is  called  GASTALDITE  by  Cr.  Struver,  Mem. 
Accad.  Lincei,  II.,  ii.,  333,  1875.  Description  as  follows  : 

Monoclinic.  In  prismatic  crystals  with  /and  i-i,  but  not  distinctly  terminated.  In 
fibrous  or  columnar  masses.  Cleavage  prismatic,  124°  25'  (like  amphibole).  H.  =  6-7. 
G.  =  3 '044.  Lustre  vitreous  to  pearly.  Color  azure  blue  to  blackish  blue.  Streak  gray- 
ish blue.  Fracture  conchoidal.  Optic-axial  plane  clinodiagonal.  Double  refraction  nega- 
tive. Dispersion  inclined ;  strongly  pleochroic. 

Composition  :  3RSi03  +  2[Al2]Si300,  with  R  =  Fe,  Mg,  Ca,  Na2.     Analysis,  Cossa  : 

Si02         Alo03        FeO       MgO       CaO       Na,0      K20 
(|)  58-55        21-40        9-04        3'92        2-03        4'77         tr.     =     99'71. 

Occurs  in  the  western  Alps  in  chlorite  slate  in  the  valley  of  Aosta,  at  Brosso,  near 
Ivrea,  and  in  the  valley  of  Locana,  Italy,  accompanied  by  pyri'te,  chalcopyrite,  garnet,  and 
apatite.  Named  after  Prof.  Bartolomeo  Gastaldi. 

GLAUCOPYRITE. — App.  I.,  p.  6. 

GMELINITE,  Min.,  p.  436;  App.  II.,  p.  £5.—  Analyses,  Nova  Scotia  and  Bergen  Hill, 
Howe,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xii.,  270,  1876. 

GOLD,  Min.,  p.  3;  App.  II.,  p.  25.—  Cryst.,  v.  Jfokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  vi.,  321,  1874. 
Syssertsk,  Ural,  IMmhacker,  Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  1.  Vom  Rath,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  1,  1877. 


APPENDIX  IIL  53 


W.  J.  Lewis,  Phil.  Mag.,  V.,  iii.,  456,  1877.     Vorospatak,   Werner,  J.  Min.,  1881,  i.,  1 
(occurrence,  Posepny,  Verb.  Geol.  Reichs.,  1875,  97). 

Gold  and   silver  alloy  (electrum)  with  4'J-9  p.  c.  Ag,  Comstock  Lode,  Nevada,  Attwood, 
Am   J.  Sc.,  III.,  ix.,  229,  1875.    From  the  Bodie  mines,  California;  G.  =  15'15;  Ag  =  36 '4 


ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxix.,  82,  1877. 

GOSLARITE,  Min.,  p.  647.—  Freiberg,  cryst.,  (Schrauf),  anal. ,  Frenzel,  J.  Min.,  1875,  675. 
Anal.,  Capanne  Vechie,  Elba,  Grattarola,  Boll.  Com.  Geol.,  1876,  343. 

GOTHITE.  Min.,  p.  169;  App.  II.,  p.  25. — Cryst.,  Cornwall,  Groth,  Min.-Samml.  Strass- 
burg,  p.  91,  1878. 
Occurrence  in  Adair  Co.,  Mo.,  G.  C.  Broadhead,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xiii.,  420,  1877. 

GRAHAMITE,  Min.,  p.  753. — Huasteca,  Mexico,  occurrence,  Kimball,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  xii., 
277,  1876. 

GRAPHITE,  Min,  p.  21 ;  App.  II,  p.  25. — Mexico,  Castillo,  Naturaleza,  iii.,  275,  1875. 
Siberia,  anal.,  Kern,  Chem.  News,  xxxii.,  229,  1875. 

GREEXOCKITE,  Min.,  p.  53;  App.  II,  p.  25.— Cryst.,  von  Kolcscharof,  Min.  Russl  ,  viii., 
125,  1881. 

GROCHAUITE — App.  II.,  p.  25. 

GRUNAUITE,  Min.,  p.  47.— See  Polydymite,  p.  95. 

GUADALCAZARITE. — See  Onofrite,  p.  86,  and  App.  II.,  p.  25. 

GUANAJUATITE,  App.  II.,  p.  22. — The  sulphoselenido  of  bismuth,  from  Guanajuato, 
Mexico,  first  mentioned  by  Castillo  (1873),  and  fully  described  by  Frenzel  (J.  Min.,  1874, 
679),  was  called  Frenzelite  in  Append.  II.  (q.  v.).  It  appears,  however,  that  the  same  min- 
eral was  described  in  1873  by  V.  Fernandez,  and  named  Guanrtjuatite  (La  Repiibliea  : 
Periodico  oficial  del  Gobierno  del  Estado  de  Guanajuato,  July  13);  the  latter  name  has,  con- 
sequently, the  priority.  Fernandez  concludes  that  the  mineral  contains  only  Bi2S3,  the 
sulphur  being  due,  in 'his  opinion,  to  pyrite.  He  obtained:  Se  35-18,  Bi  61  -00,  gangue  y  '70, 
Fe,  S,  loss  0-12  -  100.  He  also  gives,  H.  =  3;5,  G.  =  6  62;  the  locality  is  the  Santa  Cata- 
rina  mine,  Sierra  de  Santa  Rosn,  near  Guanajuato.  The  same  mineral  is  called  castillite 
by  Domeyko,  Min.  Chili,  3d  ed.,  p.  310, 1879. 

Mallet  has  re-examined  the  mineral,  and  obtained  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xv.,  294,  1878)  : 

Se  S  Bi  Al,03         Fe2O3          Si02  HoO 

31-61  061  51)92  2-53  tr.  347  1'46    =    99'63. 

After  deducting  6 '72  p.  c.  halloysite,  and  0'56  Si02,  present  as  impurities,  the  result 
obtained  is  :  Se  34'33,  S  0-68,  Bi  65  -01  =  100.  The  formula  is  then  Bi2Ses,  with  a  little  of 
the  selenium  replaced  by  sulphur ;  the  pure  mineral  contains  no  zinc. 

The  SILAONITE  of  V.  Fernandez  and  S.  Navia  (La  Repiibliea,  Guanajuato,  Mexico,  Dec. 
25,  1873),  is  a  massive,  bluish-gray  mineral.  H.  —  2'75.  G.  =  6'43-6'45.  Described  as 
having  the  composition  BinSe.  Shown  subsequently  by  Fernandez,  and  also  by  H.  D.  Bruns 
(Chem'.  News,  xxxviii ,  109, 1878),  to  b3  a  mixture  of  guanajuatite  and  native  bismuth,  and 
not  a  homogeneous  mineral. 

GUANO,  App.  I.,  p.  6 — Domeyko  (C.  R.,  xc.,  544,  1880),  gives  the  following  analyses  of 
minerals  occurring  in  the  guano  of  Mejillones.  (1)  Of  imperfect  crystals  in  the  form  of  rect- 
angular prisms,  implanted  on  walls  of  natural  fractures  in  the  rock ;  colorless,  with  vitreous 
lustre.  (2)  Fibrous  and  in  very  elongated  crystals,  pyramidal  in  form,  grouped  in  diverg- 


54  APPENDIX  m. 

ing  bundles;  grayish,  lustre  vitreous.     (3)  In  small  concretions  in  the  earthy  mass  of  the 
guano ;  soft  on  exterior,  within  compact  and  homogeneous ;  amorphous ;  color  yellowish. 

P205  MgO        CaO  H20  (and  organic  matter). 

1.  64-89  35  11  =  100. 

2.  40-13  18-53        5-80        3600  =  100-46. 

3.  27-60  24-38        014        38'30  B203  6'80  (A1203)  Fe203  2-30  =  99-52. 

Guanipite. — See  Oxammite,  p.  88. 
GUANO VULITE. — App.  II.,  p.  64. 

GUARINITE,  Min.,  p.  383;  App.  II.,  p.  26. — Oryst.,  Guiscardi,  Rend.  Ace.  Nap.,  Jan., 
1876. 

Guejarite.     Cumenge,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii.,  201,  ~LS79',Friedel,ib.,  ii.,  203. 

Orthorhombic ;  in  prismatic  (20  mm.  long)  crystals  flattened  parallel  to  the  brachypina- 
coid,  with  the  planes  i-2,  *-|,  *-|  in  the  prismatic  zone,  also  1-2  and  ^-?,  and  several  others 
less  certain.  I /\  7  =  101°  9',  i-t /\  l-£  =  138'  6'.  Cleavage*-?  neatly  perfect  (Friedel). 
H.  =  3'5.  G.  =  5  03.  Color  steel  gray,  with  a  tinge  of  blue.  Analysis,  Cumenge  (1.  c.): 

S  Sb  Cu  Fe  Pb 

25-0  58-5  15-5  0'5  tr.  =  99*5. 

The  calculated  formula  is  Cu2Sb4S7,  or  Cu,S  +  2Sb,S3.  Related  to  chalcostibite  (Min.,  p. 
85),  the  formula  for  which  is  Cu^S  +  Sb2S3,  and  which  has  /-A  /=  101".  B.  B.  on  charcoal 
gives  off  antimonial  fumes,  and  yields  when  treated  with  soda  metallic  copper.  Occurs 
with  siderite  at  the  copper  mines  at  the  foot  of  Muley-Haceu,  in  the  district  of  Guejar, 
Sierra  Nevada,  Andalusia. 

GUMBELITE,  App.  I.,  p.  Q.—ff  Umbel  (Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  ii.,  189,  1879),  has  analyzed  a 
mineral  occurring  as  the  petrifying  material  of  coal  plants  in  the  Tarentaise,  with  the  fol- 
lowing results :  SiOa  49-71,  TiO,  1'04,  A1203  28'62,  Fe90,  2-69,  MnO  tr.,  MgO  1'60,  CaO 
tr.,  K20  6-80,  Na20  2'21,  H20  7'38  (and  coal)  =  100-05.  It  occurs  in  fine  white  pearly 
scales,  somewhat  greasy  to  the  feel.  G.  =  2'8.  Exfoliates  like  pyrophyllite.  These  results 
show  that  the  mineral  is  essentially  the  same  as  that  called  giimbelite  by  von  Kobell,  or  a 
sort  of  pinite.  Gentli  (Am.  Phil.  Soc.  Philad..  xviii.,  259,  1879),  describes  a  mineral 
occurring  in  a  similar  manner  to  the  above  in  coal  shales,  and  as  a  petrifying  material;  but 
it  is  a  true  pyrophyllite. 

GUMMITE,  Min.,  p.  179. — Occurrence  at  the  Flat  Rock  mine,  Mitchell  Co.,  N.  C.,  Kerr, 
Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xiv.,  496,  1877;  Hidden,  ib.,  xxii.,  22,  1881.  Genth  (Am.  Chem.  J.,  i., 
89,  1879),  has  analyzed  this  gummite  from  North  Carolina,  and  concludes  that  it  is  a 
mechanical  mixture  of  uranium  hydrate,  uranotil,  lead  uranate,  and  barium  uranate. 

GYPSUM,  Min.,  p.  637;  App  II.,  p.  26.— Cryst.,  Laspeyres,  Min.  Mitth.,  1875,  113 
(Reusch,  ib.,  1876,  67).  mien,  Pogg.  Ann.,  civil.,  611,  1876. 

Elasticity  in  different  directions,  Coromilas,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  407,  1877.  Magnitude  and 
position  of  optical  axes  of  elasticity,  von  Lang,  Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  Ixxvi ,  793,  1877.  Etching 
figures,  Weiss,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxix..  211,  1877.  Thermo- electrical  properties,  Ilankel,  Wied. 
Ann.,  i.,  277,  1877.  Influence  of  heat  on  double  refraction,  Dufet,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv., 
113,  191,  1831. 

Occurrence  at  Vesuvius,  Scaccki,  Att.  Ace.  Napoli,  vi.  (Contr.  Min.,  ii.,  57). 

GYROLITE,  Min.,  p.  398.    See    Tobermorite,  p.  123. 
Haddamite.— See  Microlite,  p.  80. 


APPENDIX   III.  55 

HALITE,  Min.,  p.  112.— Vesuvius,  Scacclii,  Att.  Ace.  Nap.,  vi.,  1873  (Contr.  Min.,  ii.,  23). 

Elasticity  in  different  directions  determined,  Voigt,  Pogg.  Ann.,  Erg.-Bd.,  vii.,  1,  177, 
1875;  (froth,  Pogg.  Ann.,  civil.,  115,  1876. 

Figures  produced  by  etching,  Sohncke,  Pogg.  Ann.,  clvii.,  329,  1876;  Exner,  ib.,  clviii., 
319,  1876. 

An  argentiferous  variety  of  halite  is  called  HUANTAJAYITE  by  Raimondi  (in  Domeyko,  5th 
Appendix  Min.  Chili,  1876;  also  Min.  Perou,  p.  64,  1878). 

Isometric ;  occurs  in  cubes,  also  in  incrustations  made  up  of  minute  cubic  crystals,  also 
fibrous.  H.  =  2.  Color  white,  not  altered  by  exposure.  Transparent.  Fragile  not  sec- 
tile  like  cerargyrite.  Composition:  20NaCl  +  AgCl;  an  analysis  (fj)  gave:  NaCl  89,  AgCl 
11  =  100.  B.  B.  decrepitates  and  fuses  easily;  on  charcoal  yields  silver  with  soda.  Occurs 
in  a  calcareous  gangue  with  cerargyrite,  embolite,  etc.,  at  the  mine  of  San  Simon,  Huan- 
tajaya,  Tarapaca,  Peru.  Called  lechedor  by  the  miners.  First  described  by  Raimondi  in 
the  Annales  de  la  Societe  do  Pharmacie  de  Lima,  1873.  See  also  Domeyko,  Ann.  Min., 
VII.,  xix.,  329,  1881. 

HALLITE. — App.  II.,  p.  26. 

HALLO YSITE,  Min.,  p.  475;  App.  II ,  p.  26. — Anal.,  Steinbriick,  Gamper,  Verh.  G.  Reichs., 
1876,  354.  Tuffer,  Styria,  John,  Jahrb.  G.  Reichs.,  1878,  386.  Drenkova,  Banat,  Helm- 
hacker,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  ii.,  231,  1879.  Distr.  San  Mateo,  Peru,  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou, 
p.  304,  1878. 

A  white  porcelain  clay,  valuable  in  the  arts,  from  Lawrence  Co.,  Indiana,  is  called 
INDIANAITE  by  fax  (Rep.  Geol.  Indiana,  1874,  15;  1878,  154).  It  occurs  with  allophane  in 
beds  four  to  ten  feet  thick.  H.  =  2-2'5.  G.  =  2-31-2'53.  Analyses,  1,  2,  3,  by  Pemberton : 

Si02  A1303  H.,0      HaO  at  100°  C.     CaO,  MgO      Alkalies. 

39-00  36-00  14-00  9'50  0-63  0-54  =  99-67. 

30-35           36-35                      22^90                             0-40                   . .  =  99-00. 
38-90  37-40  23-60  undet =  99-90. 

HALOTRICEITE,  Min.,  p.  654.— Anal.,  Idria,  v.  Zcpharomch,  Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  Ixxxix.,  183, 
1879. 

HAMARTITE. — See  Sastudsite,  App.  I.,  p.  2  and  7;  also  Tysonite  in  this  App.,  p.  126. 

Hannayite.  vom  Rath,  Ber.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn,  Jan.  13,  1878;  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii.,  79, 
1879. 

Triclinic;  in  prismatic  crystals,  1  /\  I  =  114°  34',  /A  ir-l  —  140°  28'.  Cleavage  basal 
perfect,  less  so,  parallel  /and  /'.  Prismatic  planes  vertically  striated.  G.  =  1'893.  An- 
alysis by  Maclvor: 

P205  MgO  HMN  H.,0 

(5)          45-70  18-90  8-09  28-20  =  100-89. 

Heated  36  hours  at  100°  undergoes  no  change;  between  100°  and  110°  or  115°  loses  21-08 
p.  c.,  becoming  opaque;  heated  over  a  Bunscn  flame  loses  the  remainder  of  the  water  and 
the  ammonia  (36'48  —  total  loss).  The  remainder  fuses,  but  dissolves  only  in  part  in  con- 
centrated HC1.  Taking  the  loss  between  100°  and  120°  as  water  of  crystallization,  the 
formula  is  H»'NH,)MgaP40,6  +  8aq,  which  requires:  P205  44^8,  MgO  18-75,  H3N  8-73, 
H.jO  28*12  —  100. 

Discovered  by  Maclvor  of  Melbourne  in  the  guano  of  the  Skipton  caves,  Victoria^,  and 
recognized  as  new  by  Ulrich,  as  stated  in  a  letter  to  vom  Rath;  occurs  with  struvite  and 
newberyite.  Named  after  Prof.  J.  B.  Hannay,  of  Manchester. 

HARMOTOME,  Min.,  p.  439;  App.  II.,  p.  26.— Mallard  (Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x,  153,  1876), 
following  Des  Cloizeaux,  classes  harmotome  among  pseudo-orthorhombic  species,  and  calls 
attention  to  its  relation  in  form  to  analcite  and  also  phillipsito.  JBaumhauer  (Z.  Kryst.,  ii., 
113, -1878)  describes  the  results  of  a  careful  optical  examination,  and  doubts  the  correctness 


56  APPENDIX  III. 

of  referring  it  to  the  inonoclinic  system,  but  Fresenius  (ib.,  iii.,  42)  supports  the  conclusion 
of  Des  Cloizeaux. 

HATCHETTITE,  Min.,p.  731;  App.  II.,  p.  26.  Monte  Falo,  near  Savigno,  Italy,  Casali, 
Bombicci,  Mem.  Ac.  Bologna,  III.,  viii.,  1877  (Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,'  506). 

Hatchettolite.  J.  L.  Smith,  Am.  J.  Sci.,  III.,  xiii.,  365,  May,  1877.  0.  D.  Allen,  ibid., 
xiv.,  128,  Aug.,  1877. 

Isometric;  in  octahedrons  with  planes  of  the  cube,  and  3-3.  H.  =5.  G.  =  4-77-4-90. 
Lustre  resinous.  Color  yellowish  brown.  Translucent.  Fracture  subconchoidal. 

Analyses:  1,  2,  3,  Smith  (1.  c.);.4,  5,  Allen  (1.  c.): 

Ta205    Cb205  Ti02    WO3    SnO2     UO3    CaO  Y203*  FeO  MgO  K2O  Na2O  H2O 

1.  66-01  075  15-20    7'72    2'00    2'08     ....     0'50     .  5'16  Pb  tr.  =99'42,  Smith. 

2.  G7'86  ....  0-60  15'63    7'09    086)    251     ....     1'21     ....      4-43  =  100-18,  Smith. 

3.  67-25  ____  0'91  16'Ql     7'11    0'64    2'12     ____  undet  .....      5'02=   99'06,  Smith. 

4.  29-83        34-24     1'61  0'30  15'50    8'87    ....     2'19     0'15     tr.      1'37     4'49  Pb  tr.  =  98'55,  Allen. 


5.    29-60  94  ........     8-89    ....     2'33     ................     Allen. 

*  With  cerium  oxide. 

IT  II      T 

From  analysis  4  Allen  deduces  the  formula  R^B^O?  +  2RRaOa  +  4aq,  with  B  =  U02,  Ca, 

Fe,  Mg,  Na2,  and  R  =  Ta,  Cb.  Allen  calls  attention  to  the  close  relation  to  pyrochlore,  and 
suggests  that  the  original  mineral  in  this  case  may  have  been  anhydrous  and  hence  analo- 
gous to  it  in  composition.  The  pyrognostic  characters  are  near  those  of  pyrochlore. 

Occurs  with  samarskite,  sometimes  implanted  on  the  former  .mineral,  in  the  mica  mines 
of  Mitchell  Co.,  North  Carolina.  Named  after  the  English  chemist  Hatchett. 

Haughtonite.  —  See  Mica  Group,  p.  77. 

HAUYXITE,  Min.,  p.  332;  App.  II.,  p.  26.—  Cryst.,  Albani  Mts.,  Bella,  Z.  Kryst.,  i., 
235,  1877. 

HAYESINE,  Min.,  p.  599.—  AnaL,  Atacama,  Chili,  Domeyko,  Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  26,  1876. 

HEDYPHANE,  Min.,  p.  537.  —  Langban,  Sweden,  Lindstrdm  (Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iv.,  266, 
1879'.  G.  —5-82.  Color  white  or  yellowish  white.  Analysis  after  deducting  a  little 
CaC03:  As,05  29-01,  P205  0-55,  PbO  41  -01,  BaO  8'27,  CaO  7-85,  MgO  0-25,  Pb  917,  Cl 
3-14,  Fe203  0-08,  Na20  0'15,  K20  0-09  =  99-57;  this  corresponds  to  the  usual  formula 
3R3As.208  4-  PbClo,  but  the  variety  is  remarkable  as  containing  so  much  barium.  The 
hedyphane  of  Paisberg  contains  no  barium  or  at  most  only  a  trace. 

According  to  Des  Cloizeaux  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  93,  1881),  the  Langban  hedyphane  is 
monoclinic  and  perhaps  isomorphous  with  caryinite,  p.  20. 

See  also  Mimetite,  p.  81. 

HEBRONITE.  —  See  Amblygonite,  p.  5. 

Heldburgite.    Luedeclce,  Zeitsch.  gesammt.  Nat.,  III.,  iv.,  291,  884,  1879. 

Tetragonal,  c  (vert.)  =  0*7590.  In  minute  (3  mm.  long,  i  to  £  mm.  thick),  prismatic  crys- 
tals. Planes  i-i,  I,  1;  angle  I  /\  1  =  136°  41'  (near  zircon).  In  habit  resembles  guarinite. 
H.  less  than  that  of  steel.  Lustre  adamantine.  Color  yellow.  Streak  white.  Trans- 
parent. B.  B.  infusible.  Composition  unknown  (Ti02  absent).  Occurs  in  the  feldspar 
of  the  phonolyte  of  the  Heldburg  near  Coburg.  [Needs  further  examination.] 

HELVITE,  Min.,  234;  App.  II.,  p.  27. 

HEMATITE,  Min.,  p.  140;  App.  II.,  p.  27.  —  Cry»t.,  Vesuvius,  ScaccM,  Att.  Accad.  Napoli, 
vi.,  1873  (Contr.  Min.,  ii.,  1).  Sadebeck,  Pogg.  Ann.,  clvt,  557.  Binnenthal,  Bucking,  Z. 
Kryst.,  i.,  532;  ii.  416.  Groth,  Min.-Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  73,  1878.  Biancaville,  Etna, 
v.  Lasaulx,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  294,  1879.  Reichenstein,  Silesia,  Hare,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  297, 
1879.  Ascension  Island,  vom  Rath,  Z.  Kryst.,  vi.,  192,  1881. 


APPENDIX   III.  57 


magnetite  in  parallel  posit 
Pogg.  Ann.   Erg.-Bd.,  viii.,  C25 

HEXRYITE.— App.  II.,  p.  27. 

Henwoodite.     J.  H.  Collins,  Min.  Mag.,  i.,  11,  1876;  C.  Le  Neve  Foster,  ibid.,  p.  8. 

In  botryoidal  globular  masses  having  a  crystalline  structure.  H.  =  4-4*5.  G.  =  2 '67. 
Color  turquoise  blue.  Streak  white  with  bluish  green  tinge.  Fracture  conchoidal.  Anal- 
yses, Collins  (1.  c.): 

P-O,       Aln03      Fe-Oa      CuO       CaO         H,0         Si02 

1.  48-94        18-24        2'74        710        054        1710        1'37     _oss3'97  =  100. 

2.  48-20          7-00        .  '19-50        

The  iron,  lime,  and  silica  are  regarded  as  due  to  impurities ;  but  aside  from  this  the 
analyses  are  so  obviously  imperfect,  that  it  is  useless  to  attempt  to  give  a  formula ;  the 
mineral,  however,  seems  to  be  related  most  closely  to  turquoise.  In  the  closed  tube  decrepi- 
tates slightly,  gives  off  water,  and  turns  brown.  B.  B.  infusible,  colors  the  flame  green. 
Copper  reactions  with  borax.  Occurs  on  limonite  at  the  West  Phenix  mine,  Cornwall. 
Named  from  Mr.  Win.  Jory  Ileuwood. 

Hermannolite.     See  Columbite,  p.  29. 

Herrengrundite.  Brezina,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii;,  359,  March  25,  1879.  URVOLGYITE.  Szdbd, 
Min.  Mitth.,  ii.,  311,  1879  (Lit.  Ber.  Ungarn,  iii.,  510,  1879). 

Monoclinic  (triclinic?)  :  c  (vert.)  :  &  :  d  =  2*8004  :  1  : 1-8161.  ft  =  91°  9'.  Observed 
planes:  0,  -±-i,  -^-i,  -H,  %-i,  1,  J,  *'-£,  i-},  i-*,  i-},  i-\  i-\.  I A  J=  57°  42',  0  A  1  = 
106"  52',  0  A  !•=•  90°  34'.  Cleavage  basal  perfect.  J  less  so,  also  i-2  or  i-§>  (?).  Occurs 
in  spherical  groups  of  thin  six-sided  plates.  The  basal  plane  striated  parallel  i-i.  Twin- 
ning plane  generally  0.  Optic  axes  in  plane  parallel  to  the  direction  of  striation.  2E<x  = 
59°  2'  (Li),  Go0  18'  to  66°  53'  (Na),  68°  39'  (Tl).  Double  refraction  negative.  (Brezina.) 
Dichroism  weak,  bluish  green  and  greenish  yellow.  II.  —  2'5.  G.  =  3-132.  (Winkler.) 
Lustre  vitreous,  on  cleavage  face  sometimes  pearly.  Color  emerald  green,  verdigris  green, 
and  bluish  green.  Streak  light  green.  Transparent.  Analyses;  1,  Berwerth,  Z.  Kryst., 
iii.,  373;  2,  Schenek,  Min.  Mitth.,  ii.,  315,  1879. 

S03  CuO  CaO  11,0 

1.  24-62  54-16  2-05  1<)-61=100. 

2.  2462  49  52  8'59  16'73,  SjO2  0-33,  FeO  0'14,  MnO,  MgO  tr.  =99*93. 

Brezina  regards  the  CaO  as  present  in  the  form  of  gypsum  as  an  impurity ;  deducting 
this  the  result  obtained  is  :  S03  23'04,  CuO  57'52,  HaO  1944  =  100.  Szabo,  on  the  contrary, 
regards  the  CaO  as  essential,  and  writes  the  formula:  (CuS04  +  aq)  +  3H2Cu02  +  (CaS04  + 
2aq).  [The  view  of  Szabo  seems  very  improbable,  and  is  not  established  by  his  experiments 
made  to  decide  the  point;  the  mineral  needs  further  examination  on  the  chemical  side.] 

Occurs  with  malachite  and  calcite  in  a  quartz  conglomerate  at  Herrengrund  in  Hungary. 
Related  to  langite,  brochantite,  etc.  Named  from  the  locality  Herrengrund  =  Urvolgy  in 
Hungarian. 

HERSCHELITE,  Min.,  p.  437;  App.  II.,  p.  27. — The  hcrschelite  of  Richmond,  Victoria 
(called  seebachite  by  Bauer,  App.  II.,  p.  50),  is  referred  to  phacolite  (chabazite)  by  vom 
Rath  (Ber.  Ak.  Berlin,  1875,  523);  Becke,  however,  shows  (Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  ii.,  416,  1879), 
that  it  differs  from  chabazite;  he  regards  the  form  as  mbnoclinic  united  by  twinning  in  a 
manner  analogous  to,  but  not  identical  with,  chabazite.  A  similar  result  is  reached  by  von 
Lasaulx  (Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  338,  1881)  for  the  herschelite  from  Aci  Castello,  Sicily;  an  analysis 
yielded  :  Si02  47'15,  Ala08  21-42  (with  Fe,03),  CaO  5'34  (with  MgO),  Na20,  K20  [6'69],  H2O 
19-40  =  100,  leading  to  the  formula  (Na,  K)a  Ca  [Ai2]2Si8024  +  12aq. 


58  APPENDIX  m. 

HESSITE,  Min.,  p.  50;  App.  II.,  p.  27.—Schrauf  (Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  242,  1878),  describes  a 
highly  modified  crystal  from  Rezbanya;  he  refers  it  to  the  isometric  system,  and  shows  that 
the  species  is  isomorphous  with  argentine,  he  notes,  however,  the  variations  in  the  measured 
angles,  but  concludes  that  they  fall  within  the  probable  errors  of  observation.  A '/•<//// cr 
(Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  542),  describes  isometric  crystals  of  unusual  perfection  from  the  Jacob  and 
Anna  mine,  Botes  Mt.,  between  Zalathna  and  VorOspatak,  Transylvania.  Becke  (Min.  Petr. 
Mitth.,  iii.,  301,  1880)  has  subjected  the  crystals  from  Botes  to  a  careful  examination,  and 
argues  [but  not  conclusively]  that  they  must  be  referred  to  the  triclinic  system,  although 
they  closely  approximate  to  the  isometric  form.  An  analysis  gave  him :  Ag  GO -6!),  Au  1  -37, 


Te  '^7 '22,  quartz  0'40=  9968,  corresponding  to  Ag2Te  with,  as  assumed  by  the  author,  a 
little  Au2Te3. 

From  Kearsarge  mine.  Dry  Canon,  Utah,  G-cntTi  (anal,  by  Ralit),  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  Philad., 
xvii.,  115,  1877  (or  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  3).     Chili,  DomeyJco,  C.  11.,  Ixxxi.,  63;>    1875. 


Hetaerolite.  G.  E.  Moore,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  Ill,  xiv.,  423,  Nov.,  1877.  HETAIRITE,  Nau- 
mann-Zirkel,  Min.,  11  ed.,  p.  371.  ' 

Announced  as  follows,  but  not  fully  described :  In  botryoidal  coatings  with  columnar 
radiate  structure.  H.  =  5.  G.  =  4'933.  Lustre  metallic  to  submetallic.  Color  black. 
Streak  brownish  ^black.  Opaque.  Brittle.  Contains  zinc  and  manganese,  and  stated  to 
be  a  zinc  hausmannite,  but  no  analyses  published.  Occurs  intimately  associated  with  chal- 
cophanite  (whence  name  from  erafpoS,  companion)  at  the  Passaic  zinc  mine,  Sterling 
Hill,  New  Jersey.  [A  more  complete  description  is  needed.] 

HETAIRITE. — See  Hetcerolite. 

HETEROGENTTE,  App.  II.,  p.  27. — St.  Anton  mine,  Heubach,  near  Wittichcn,  Baden, 
Sandberger,  J.  Min.,  1876,  280. 

0 

HETEROMOBPIIITE. — See  Jamesonite,  p.  64. 

Heubachite.    F,  Sandberger,  Ber.  Ak.  Munchen,  1876,  238. 

In  thin  soot-like  incrustations;  in  dendritic  or  small  spherical  aggregates.  H.  =  2"5. 
G.  -—  3 '44.  Color  deep  black.  Streak  submetallic.  Analysis,  Zeitschel  (1.  c.): 

CoaOs  Ni203  Fe,03    '        Mn203  H20 

65-50  14-50  513  150  12-59  =  99-22. 

This  corresponds  to  3R203  +  4H20.  B.  B.  infusible.  Soluble  in  concentrated  hydro- 
chloric acid,  with  evolution  of  chlorine;  the  solution  deep  bluish  green,  but  on  dilution 
with  water  becomes  rose  red.  Occurs  as  a  secondary  product  coating  barite  at  the  St.  Anton 
mine,  in  the  Heubachthal,  near  Wittichen,  Baden ;  also  at  the  mine  Eberhard,  near  Alpirs- 
bach,  Wurtemberg.  This  mineral  was  first  referred  to  hcterogenitc  by  Sandberger,  J.  Min., 
1876,  280.  [Is  the  substance  homogeneous  ?] 

HEULANDITE,  Min.,  p.  444;  App.  II.,  p.  28. — Cryst.,  Turkestan,  <o.  Jercmejef,  Verb. 
Min.  Ges.  St.  Pet,  II.,  xiii.,  389  (Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  503). 

Anal.,  Orange  Free  State,  So.  Africa,  Cohen,  J.  Min.,  1875,  116.  San  Piero,  Elba, 
Grattarola  and  Sansoni,  Att.  Ace.  Tosc.,  iv.,  175,  1879;  ib.,  p.  314. 

Occurs  at  Leipervillc,  Delaware  Co.,  Penn.,  Kdnig,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  303,  1878. 

See  also  Epistilbite,  p.  42 ;  and  Oryzite,  p.  87. 

Hexagonite. — See  AmpTiibole,  p.  5. 

Hibbertite.    Heddle,  Min.  Mag ,  ii  ,  24,  1878. 

Pulverulent.  Color  lemon  yellow.  Analysis  after  deducting  20'68  p.  c.  of  the  matrix, 
kammererite,  insoluble  in  dilute  acid  :  CO,  25'44,  FeO  3'23,  MnO  0'58,  MgO  26-56,  CaO 
28-46,  H2O  15-73  =  100.  From  a  quarry  of  chromite  on  the  island  of  Unst.  Named  after 
Mr.  Hibbert,  the  discoverer  of  the  chromite.  [The  investigation  of  the  substance  is  not  suf- 
ficiently complete  to  prove  that  it  is  a  distinct  species;  it  seem  to  be  a  mixture  allied  to 
predazzite  and  pencatite,  Min.,  p.  708,  709;  and  App.  II.,  p.  45  ] 


APPENDIX  HI.  59 

Hiddenite. — See  Spodumene,  p.  112. 

HISINGERITE,  Min.,  p.  489;  App.  II.,  p.  28. — Anal,  of  a  related  mineral  (Collins),  Japan, 
Milne,  Min.  Mag.,  iii ,  99,  1879. 

Hofmannite.  BecM,  Ace.  Line.  Trans.,  III.,  ii.,  135,  1878.  Occurs  in  tabular  crystals, 
shaped  like  rhombs;  they  are  colorless,  tasteless,  and  odorless.  G.  =  1'0535.  Soluble  in 
alcohol  (5  pts.  in  1000  p'ts.  alcohol  at  14°)  more  readily  than  in  ether.  Melts  at  71°  to  a 
fluid  resembling  olive  oil,  burns  with  a  bright  flame.  Composition  C2oH360;  an  analysis 
gave:  C  82 '23,  H  12 '20,  0  5  57.  Forms  a  white  crystalline  efflorescence  on  lignite  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Siena.  Named  after  Prof.  A.  W.  Hofmann,  of  Berlin. 

Homilite.  S.  R.  Paijkull,  Geol.  For.  Forh..  iii.,  229,  1876.  Des  Cloizeaux  and  Damour, 
ib.,  iii.,  385,  1877,  or  Ann.  Chiin.  Phys.,  V.,  xii.,  405,  1877. 

Monoclinic.  In  angles  closely  related  to  gadolinite  and  datolite.  /  A  I~  116°,  0  A  *'-*' 
=  90°  39',  0  A  2-1  =  147°  20'  (0,  J,  2-1=  i-i,  2-1,  I  of  datolite,  Min.,  p.  380).  Crystals 
octahedral  in  habit  by  extension  of  1  and  2-4.  also  0  and  i-i  prominent.  Cleavage  indis- 
tinct. Axes  in  a  plane  perpendicular  to  plane  of  symmetry,  bisectrix  nearly  parallel  to 
prismatic  edge.  2Ha  =  5)7°  5'  to  98°  22'  (red).  Dispersion  p  >  v,  also  of  bisectrices 
horizontal  (Des  Cloizeaux).  H.  =  4*5-5  (5'5  Paijkull).  G.  —  3'34(3'28  Paijkull).  Lustre 
resinous  to  vitreous.  Color  black  or  blackish  brown.  Streak  grayish.  Translucent  in 
thin  splinters.  Analyses:  1,  Paijkull  (1.  c.);  2,  Damour  (1.  c.); 

SiO2     B303    A1203  Fe.,03  FeO  MnO    MgO    CaO    Cea08*  Na20  K2O       ign. 

1.  31-87  [18-08]    1-50    215    1625....     0'52    27'28     1'09    0'41       0'85  =  100. 

2.  33-00  [15 -21]    18-180-74    27'00     2'56       I'Ol    2'30  =  100. 

*  With  La-jOg,  Di2O3. 

From  analysis  1  the  following  formula  is  calculated:  FeCa2B2Si20,o,  which  corresponds 
closely  with  that  of  datolite,  to  which  the  mineral  is  similar  in  crystalline  form.  This  simi- 
larity was  first  pointed  out  by  Nordenskiold  (Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iii.,  232,  1876).  B.  B.  homi- 
lite  fuses  very  readily  to  a  black  glass  ;  reacts  for  iron  and  boracic  acid.  Completely 
decomposed  by  HC1  with  gelatinization.  Found  on  the  Stocko  near  Brevig,  Norway,  with 
meliphanite  and  erdmannite.  Named  from  6uiA.e(*),  to  occur  together. 

Des  Cloizeaux  remarks  that  some  crystals  of  homilite  are  throughout  doubly  refracting, 
others  are  composed  of  a  green  doubly  refracting  kernel  surrounded  by  a  yellowish  crust  of 
singly  refracting  material,  while  still  others  are  entirely  singly  refracting.  In  this  respect  it 
is  closely  similar  to  gadolinite;  whether  this  variation  is  certainly  due  to  alteration  does 


(C 

M 

the  similarity  in  appearance  of  the  isotropic  mineral  analyzed  by  him  to  true  erdmannite, 

and  adds  that  the  mineral  supposed  to  be  the  latter  contains  no  boron  (see  also  p.  4:3). 

HOPEITE,  Min.,  p.  544.—  Damour  and  Des  Cloizeaux,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii.,  131,  1879. 
Friedel  and  Sarasin,  ib.,  p.  15:>. 

Des  Cloizeaux  has  made  a  crystallographic  and  optical  examination  of  hopeite,  confirming 
and  extending  the  results  of  Levy  and  llaidinger.  Damour  shows  that  it  is  essentially  a 
zinc  phosphate,  and  Friedel  and'  Sarasin  have  succeeded  in  forming  artificially  crystals 
which  have  the  form  and  optical  properties  of  hopeite,  and  which  have  the  composition 
ZnsP208  +  4aq,  which  requires  :  P205  31 -07,  ZnO  53'18,  H,0  15*75.  They  conclude  that 
this  formula  expresses  also  the  composition  of  natural  hopeite.  According  to  Schrauf  his 
new  species  eggonite  (q.  v.)  is  closely  related  in  form  to  hopeite. 

HORBACHITE. — App.   II.,  p.   28. 

HORNBLENDE.— See  Amphibole,  p.  5. 

HORTONOLITE. — App.  I.,  p.  7. 

HOWLITE.— Min.,  p.  598;  App.  II.,  p.  28. 


(50  APPENDIX  in. 

Huantajayite. — See  Halite,  p.  55. 

HUASCOLITE,  Min.,  p.  42. — A  massive  mineral  having  a  bluish  gray  color  is  referred  to 
huascolite  by  Raimondi  (Min.  Perou,  p.  202,  1878).  He  obtained  alter  deducting  14'50  p.  c. 
gangue:  S  27  76,  Pb  26-86,  Zn  44-50,  Fe  0'88  =  100,  from  the  Poderosa  mine,  Province  of 
Dos  de  Mayo,  Peru.  Domeyko  describes  a  mineral  from  Morochocha,  Peru,  corresponding 
in  composition  to  PbS  +  (Zn,  Fe)  S,  with  Zn=16'59;  another  from  Coro-Coro,  Bolivia, 
afforded  5  p.  c.  ZnS  (6th  App.  Min.  Chili,  p.  17,  1878). 

HUBNERITE,  Min.,  p.  603;  App.  II.,  p.  28. — Nevada,  containing  thallium,  Sandberger, 
J.  Min.,  1877,  508.  From  Morochocha,  Peru,  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou,  p.  241,  1878. 
Occurs  at  Rabenstein,  Sandberger,  J.  Min.,  1879,  369.  Found  by  W.  P.  Jenney,  in  the 
Black  Hills,  Dakota,  at  the  Comstock  mine,  near  Deadwood. 

Hullite.    K  T.  Hardman,  Prop.  Roy.  Ir.  Acad.,  II.,  iii.,  161,  1878. 

Massive.  H.  =  2.  Color  velvet  black.  Lustre  waxy  but  dull.  Analysis,  Hardman  : 
Si02  39-44,  A1203  10'35,  Fe203  20'72,  FeO  3'70,  MgO  7'47,  CaO  4-48,  H20  13  62,  MnO  tr., 
C02  tr.  =  99 '78.  Occurs  filling  and  coating  vesicular  cavities  in  the  basalt  of  Carn money 
Hill,  near  Belfast,  Ireland. 

Heddle  remarks  that  hullite  may  be  considered  as  a  desiccated  chlorophaeite,  but  he  also 
gives  the  following  analysis  of  a  similar  mineral  from  the  basalt  at  Jvinkell,  in  Fifeshire, 
Scotland:  Si02  38'59,  A1203  17'34,  Fe203(FeO  undet.)  15'97,  MnO  1-56,  CaO  3-94,  MgO 
8-65,  K20  0-67,  H20  13-48  (at  100°  8'0i)  =  100-20.  This  he  regards  as  a  homogeneous 
mineral,  and  believes  it  to  somewhat  support  the  claim  of  hullite  to  be  considered  as  an 
independent  species,  Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  Edinb.,  xxix.,  89,  187i).  [Near  delessite;  compare 
also  diabantite.] 

Huminite.  A  hydrocarbon  from  Ostmark,  in  Wermland,  Sweden,  which,  according  to 
Bkman  (CEfv.  Ak.  Stockh.,  1868,  138),  has  the  composition  (ash  free):  C  67-15,  0  29'8a,  H 
2-55,  N  0'47,  S  [0*40]  =100.  A  similar  coal  from  Gryhytte,  Finberget,  Sweden,  has, 
according  to  Holland  (Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  521,  1875),  the  composition  (ash  free):  C  67'67 
0  28-11,  H  3-89,  N  tr.,  S  0'33  =  100. 

HUMITE,  Min.,  p.  363.— See  Chondrodite,  p.  26;  and  App.  II.,  p.  28. 
Huntilite.— See  Macfarlanite,  p.  71. 
HYALITE.— Min.,  p.  199;  App.  II.,  p.  28. 
HYALOSIDERITE. — Min.,  p.  256;  App.  II.,  p.  28. 

Hyalotekite.    Nordenskiold,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iii.,  382,  1877. 

Massive.  Coarsely  crystalline.  Cleavage  easy  in  two  directions,  at  an  angle  of  approxi- 
mately 90° ;  also  less  easy  in  a  third  direction,  in  the  same  zone  (Des  Cloizoaux).  H.  =  5-5 '5. 
G.  —  3  "81.  Lustre  vitreous  to  greasy.  Color  white  to  pearly  gray.  Transparent  in  very 
thin  plates.  Brittle.  Optically  biaxial,  axes  in  a  plane  parallel  to  the  axis  of  the  zone  of 
three  cleavages:  2H  =  98°-99°  (red),  bisectrix  positive  (Des  Cloizeaux,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i., 
9,  1878).  An  incomplete  analysis  gave  : 

Si03  PbO  BaO.          CaO  ign. 

39-62  25-30  20'66  7'00  0'83    A1203,  K20,  etc.,  tr. 

B.  B.  fuses  to  a  clear  glass,  which  in  R.  F.  becomes  blackened  with  reduced  lead.  On 
charcoal  with  soda  in  small  amount  fuses  to  a  clear  glass ;  with  more  soda  in  R.  F.  gives  a 
lead  globule  and  a  coating  of  lead  oxide.  In  salt  of  phosphorus  dissolves,  leaving  a  skel- 
eton of  silica.  Insoluble  in  hydrochloric  or  sulphuric  acids.  Occurs  sparingly  in  a  gray- 
ish-white feldspar,  with  hedyphane  and  schefferite,  at  Langban,  Wermland,  Sweden. 
Named  from  vaA.o?,  glass,  and  rrjKEiv,  to  melt. 

HYDRARGILLITE. — See  Cfibbsite,  p.  51 


APPENDIX  in.  61 

HYDKARGYRITE.  — App.  II. ,  p.  28  (8). 
Hydrocastorite.— See  Petalite,  p.  91. 

Hydrocerussite.     NordensUold,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iii.,  381,  1877. 

A  hydrous  lead  carbonate  (perhaps  2PbC03  -f  H20),  occurring  sparingly  as  a  coating  on 
native  lead,  at  Langban,  Wermland,  Sweden.  It  consists  of  white,  colorless,  crystalline 
plates,  showing  one  perfect  cleavage ;  soft.  Soluble  in  acid  with  evolution  of  carbon  diox- 
ide. According  to  Bertrand  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  87,  1881),  the  mineral  occurs  in  hexago- 
nal plates,  and  optically  is  uniaxlal,  negative.  [Needs  further  examination.] 

HYDROCUPRITE. — App.  II.,  p.  28. 
HYDROCYANITE. — App.  II.,  p.  29. 

Hydrofluorite.  Scacclii,  Att.  Ace.  Napoli,  vi.,  1873  (Contrib.  Min.,  ii.,  65).  Hydro- 
fluoric acid  gas  observed  at  Vesuvius,  especially  after  the  eruptions  of  1870  and  1872. 

Hydrofranklinite.  According  to  the  late  W.  T.  Rcepper,  a  new  hydrous  oxide  of  zinc, 
manganese,  and  iron.  Occurs  in  small,  very  brilliant  iron-black  regular  octahedrons ;  with 
octahedral  cleavage  highly  perfect.  H.  =  4-4  '5.  G.  =  4'06-4'09.  From  Sterling  Hill, 
No  J.  [The  original  investigation  was,  unfortunately,  never  completed.] 

HYDROHALITE. — App.  II.,  p.  29. 
Hydroilmenite. — See  Menaccanite,  p.  76. 
HYDROMAGNESITE. — App.  II.,  p.  29. 

Hydroniccite.  A  name  suggested  for  a  doubtful  substance  conjectured  to  be  a  hydrated 
oxide  of  nickel,  Texas,  Penn.,  C.  U.  Shepard,  Min.  Contr.,  1877. 

Hydrophilite.— See  Chlorocalcite,  p.  25. 

Hydrorhodonite.    N.  Engstrom,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  468,  1875. 

Massive  ;  crystalline.  Cleavage  easy  in  one  direction.  H.  =  5-6.  G.  =  2 '70.  Lustre 
vitreous.  Color  red-brown.  Streak  brownish  white.  Translucent,  in  thin  splinters  trans- 
parent. Fracture  splintery.  Analyses  : 

SiO,   -     MnO        FeO       MgO       CaO        Li.O          Na20  HoO 

1.  44-07        30-83        1'04        6-98        3-60        1-23  0'39  11:84    =     99-98 

2.  44-06        31-15        1-00        7-24        3-54    (LiCl,  NaCl  =  4'80)       11-96. 

Formula  ESi03  +  H20,  or  rhodonite  plus  a  molecule  of  water.  Soluble  in  HC1,  with 
the  separation  of  silica.  B.  B.  fuses  easily  to  an  opaque,  brownish  red  bead ;  reacts  for 
manganese.  The  powdered  mineral  becomes  black  on  heating.  From  Laugban,  in  Werm- 
land, Sweden.  [Perhaps  simply  a  hydrated  rhodonite.] 

Hydrotitanite.— See  Perofskite,  p.  91. 

HYGROPHILITE,  App.  II.,  p.  29.— Related  mineral  from  Reuschbach,  Palatinate,  Gumbel, 
J.  Min.,  1878,  385. 

HYPERSTHENE,  Min.,  p.  209;  App.  II.,  p.  29.— Anal.,  Adirondacks,  N.  Y.,  Leeds,  Amer. 
Chem.,  March,  1877.  Finland,  (Efv.  Finsk.,  xvii.,  72-3.  Arvieu,  Arveyron,  Pisani,  C.  R. 
Ixxxvi.,  1419,  1878.  Santorin,  Fouque,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  46,  1878.'  Romsas,  Askim, 
Meinich,  HjortdaJil,  Z.  Kryst,  iv.,  519,  1880. 


62  APPENDIX  m. 

Crystallographic  and  optical  description  with  analyses,  Bodenmais,  Becke,  Min.  Petr. 
Mitth.,  in.,  60,  1880.     From  Demavend,  Persia,  in  trachyte,  Blaas,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth    iii 

479,  1881. 

HYPOCHLORITE. — Min.,  p.  392;  App.  II.,  p.  30. 

ICE,   Min.,  p.  135.— Optical  structure,  Koch,  J.   Min.,  1877,   449.      Bertm.  Ann.  Ch 
Phys.,  V.,  xiii.,  283,  1878.     Klocke,  J.  Min.,  1879,  272;  1881,  i.,  23. 

IDOCRASE. — See  Vesumanite,  p.  129. 

Idrocastorite  (Hydrocastorite). — See  Petalite,  p.  91. 

Igelstromite. — See  Pyroaurite,  p.  99. 

Ihleite.     Schrauf,  J.  Min.,  1877,  252. 

Amorphous.     Forms  an  efflorescence  on  graphite,  having  a  botryoidal  or  small  reniform 
structure.     G.  =  1'812.     Color  orange  yellow,  becoming  pale  yellow  in  dry  air.     Analyses: 


7S03        A1203,  Fe3O8 
1.            38-2               2^5" 

V  

FeO      CaO           H20 
2-1         ...            35-5     =     100-3. 

2.           37-4        0-3                 : 

36T~              0-4           35-6     =      998. 

3.            37-2               256 

1-4          0-3            353     =      99-8. 

Formula  perhaps  [Fe2]S3012  +  12aq.  =  S03  38-96,  Fe,03  25*96,  H20  35 '07.  Soluble  in 
cold  water.  Occurs  at  the  graphite  deposits  at  Mugrau,  Bohemia,  owing  its  origin  to  the 
decomposition  of  imbedded  crystals  of  pyrite.  Named  for  Mr.  Ihle,  superintendent  of 
mines  in  Mugrau.  [Near  coquimbite.] 


Ilesite.    A.  F.  Wuensch,  Mining  Index,  Leadville,  Colorado,   Nov.  5,  1881.     In  loosely 
Iherent  crystalline  a 
ble.     Analysis  by  M. 


adherent  crystalline  aggregates,  prismatic.     Color  white.     Taste  bitter,  astringent.     Fria- 
^r.  Il( 


S03  MnO  ZnO  FeO  H20 

35-85  2318  5'63  4'55  30-18     =     99'39. 

This  corresponds  approximately  to  RS04  +  4aq.,  which,  with  R  =  Mn  :  Zn  :  Fe  =  5  : 1  : 1, 
requires  :  S03  35 -63,  MnO  22*58,  ZnO  5  15,  FeO  4'58,  H20  32-06  =  100.  Readily  soluble 
in  water.  Occurs  m  a  siliceous  gangue  with  the  sulphides  of  iron  and  zinc  (from  which  it 
has  been  formed  \  in  veins  2  to  8  inches  wide.  Locality  in  Hall  Valley,  Park  Co.,  Colorado. 
Named  after  Dr.  M.  W.  lies,  of  Leadville. 

ILMENITE. — See  Menaccanite,  p.  76. 
•      ILMENORUTILE. — See  Rutile,  p.  105. 
ILSEMANNITE. — App.  I.,  p.  7. 

ILVAITE,  Min.,  p.  296  ;  App.  II..  p.  30.— Analyses,  (1\  Elba,  Bipocz  (Min.  Mitth.,  1875, 
72),  an  unaltered  crystal;  (2\  Early,  quoted  by  Reynolds  (Chem.  News,  xxxvi.,  85,  1877), 
Proc.  Roy.  Ir.  Acad.,  II.,  iii.,  52,  1877. 

Si02    Feo03    FeO    MnO    CaO     HoO 

1.  G.  =  4-037  (44)  29-67    21-26    33-09    0'74    13-33    2-32  =  100-41, 

2.  29-93    2016    31'83    3'02    13-71    0'42,  A13O8  0*36,  MgO  0-30,  K20  0-20, 

[Na20  0-29  =  100-22. 


APPENDIX  nr.  63 

Sipocz  makes  the  water  essential,  and  adopts  the  formula  of  Stadeler  :  R7[R2]  Si40i8,  or 
HoCaoFe,  [~Fe2]Si4Oi8;  Reynolds  neglects  the  water,  and  writes:  R6[R2]Si4017,  or  Ca2(Fe, 
Mn),[Fe.2]Si4017. 

According  to  Websky,  isomorphous  with  humite,  Ber.  Ak.  Berlin,  1876,  201. 

Indianaite. — See  Halloysite,  p.  55. 

lodobromite.    A.  von  Lnsauh;  J.  Min.,  1878,  619. 

Isometric,  in  octahedrons  with  cubic  planes.  Cleavage  octahedral  indistinct.  G.  — 
5-713.  Color  sulphur  yellow,  sometimes  greenish.  Sectile.  Composition:  2  Ag  (Cl,Br)  + 
Ag  I  =  Cl  7-79,  Br  17-18,  I  14*15,  Ag  60-88  =  100.  Analysis,  Lasaulx  (1.  c.): 

Cl  Br  I  Ag 

7-09  17-30  15-05  59-96     -     99-40. 

B.  B.  gives  off  bromine  vapors  and  leaves  a  silver  globule.  Found  in  small  cavities  in 
ferruginous  quartz  at  the  mine  "  Scheme  Aussicht,"  near  Dernbach,  Nassau,  associated 
with  beudantite,  carminite,  and  probably  greenockite. 

IODYRITE,  Min.,  p.  117. — Artificial  crystals,  hemimorphic,  v.  Zepharovich,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv., 
119,  187s). 

Cryst.,  Dernbach,  Nassau,  Seligmann,  Corr.  Bl.  Nat.  Ver.  Bonn,  xxxvii.,  130,  1880. 
Occurrence  at  Caracoles,  Chili,  Domeyko,  6th  App.  Min.  Chili,  p.  29,  1878. 

IOLTTE,  Min.,  p.  291);  App.  II.,  p.  30.— Elba,  D'Achiardi.  Att.  Ace.  Tosc.,  ii.,  July  4, 
1875  (ZS.  G.  Ges,  xxvi.,  462).  Pseudomorphs,  Wiclimann,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxvi.,  675,  1874. 
In  Hungarian  trachytes,  Szabo,  J.  Min.,  Beil-Bd  ,  i.,  802,  1881. 

lonite.     S.  Purnel?,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xvi.,  153,  August,  1878. 

A  fossil  hydrocarbon  found  in  a  more  or  less  impure  condition  in  the  lignite  of  lone 
Valley.  Amador  County,  California.  Structure  firm,  earthy.  Color  brownish  yellow. 
Partially  soluble  in  cold  alcohol,  largely  soluble  in  ether,  completely  so  in  chloroform.  A 
brown  tarry  oil  containing  a  small  quantity  of  paraffine  is  separated  by  dry  distillation. 
Exact  chemical  nature  unknown. 

IRIDIUM,  Min.,  p.  12. — Cryst.,  Ural,  v.  Jcremejef,  Vcrh.  Min.  Ges.  St.  Pet.,  II.,  xiv., 
155,  1879  (Z.  Kryst,  iii.,  4'37). 

IRIDOSMINE.  Min.,  p.  12.— (Nefdanskite),  v.  Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  vi ,  237,  239,  1874. 

IRON,  Min  ,  p.  15;  App.  II.,  p.  30.— The  native  iron  of  Ovifak,  Disco  Bay,  Greenland, 
discovered  by  Nordens/ciold  in  1870  (CEfv.  Ak.  Stockh.,  1870,  1058,  and  1871,  1,  or  Geol. 
Mag.,  ix.,  1872),  and  by  him  regarded  as  of  meteoric  origin,  has  been  exhaustively  studied 
both  initsgeognostic  and  chemical  relations :— See  Nordstrom,  CEfv.  Ak.  Stockh.,  1871,  453; 
NditeJeto/,  ib.,  Bihang,  i.,  April,  1872  (or  Min.  Mitth.,1874,  109);  Daubree,  C.  R.,  Ixxiv., 
1516,  1872,  and  Ixxv.,  240,  1872,  and  Ixxxiv.,  65,  1877;  Wohler,  Gott.  Gelehrt.  Anzeig., 
1872,  197,  and  J.  Min.,  1879,  852;  Tschermak,  Min.  Mitth.,  1874,  165;  Steenstrup,  Ved. 
Medd.  Copenhagen,  1875,  Nos.  16-19  (or  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxviii.,  225,  1876);  Tornebohm,  CEfv. 
Ak.  Stockh.,  Bihang,  1878;  Meunier,  C.  R.,  Ixxxix.,  215,  1879;  J.  Lawrence  Smith,  Ann. 
Ch.  Phys.,  V.,  xvi.,  453,  1870.  The  observations  of  Steenstrup,  and  later  more  particularly 
those  of  Tornebohm  and  Smith  make  it  very  certain  that  the  iron  is  not  meteoric  but  of 
terrestrial  origin. 

Iserite. — See  Rutile,  p.  105. 
ISOCLASITE. — App.  I.,  p.  7. 


ITTNERITE,  Min.,  p.  333. — It  is  concluded  by  van  Werwerks  on  the  basis  of  a  microscopi- 
a,mlnation  that  ittnerite  and  skolopsite  belong  together,  and  that  both 


cal  and  chemical  examination 


64  APPENDIX  in. 

are  results  of  the  partial  alteration  of  haiiynite  (J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  264).     This  confirms  the 
conclusion  of  Rammelsberg  (Syst.  Min.,  p.  333,  and  Min.  Chem.,  2d  ed.,  p.  459). 

IVIGTITE. — App.  I.,  p.  7. 

JACOBSITE,  App.  I.,  p.  8. — Langban,  Wermland,  Sweden,  anal,  by  Lindstrom:  Feo03 
58-39,  Mn203  6-96,  MnO  29'93,  MgO  1-68,  CaO  0'40,  PbO  1-22,  P205  0-06, -insol.  2'17  = 
100  -81.  This  corresponds  to  Mn  [Fe<>,  Mn2]04;  quoted  by  Nordenskiold,  Geol.  For.  Forh., 
iii.,  384,  1877. 

JADEITE,  Min.,  p.  292. — Analyses  of  related  minerals,  Damour,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv., 
157,  1881. 
See  also  Neprite,  p.  84. 

JAIPURITE,  Min.,  p.  47  (Syepoorite,  Jeypoorite,  wrong  orthog.,  Mallet). — According  to  a 
recent  investigation,  by  I'.  R.  Mallet,  of  the  cobalt  minerals  of  the  Khetri  mines,  Rajpu- 
tana,  India,  the  simple  cobalt  sulphide,  originally  called  syepoorite,  probably  lias  no 
existence;  the  cobalt  minerals  identified  were  cobaltite  and  danaite.  Records  Geol.  Surv. 
India,  xiv.,  pt.  2,  190,  1881. 

JALPAITE. — Min.,  p.  39;  App.  II.,  p.  30. 

JAMESONITE,  Min.,  p.  90;  App.  II.,  p.  30. — Related  mineral  (heteromorphite)  from  Arns- 
berg,  Westphalia,  anal,  corresponding  to  7PbS  +  4Sb2S3,  Pisani,  C.  R.,  Ixxxiii.,  747, 1876. 

Anal.  (Sarlay)  Wiltau,  Pichler,  Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  355.  Sevier  Co.,  Arkansas,  Dunning- 
ton,  Amer.  Assoc.,  1877,  184.  Spain,  Province  of  Huelva,  Genth,  Am.  Ch.  Journ.,  i.,  325, 
1879.  Arkansas,  C.  E.  Wait,  Trans.  Amer.  Inst.  Min.  Eng.,  viii.,  51,  1880. 

JAROSITE,  Min.,  p.  660. — Oryst.,  v.  Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  vi.,  227,  1874. 

Occurrence  at  the  Vulture  mine,  Arizona,  Silliman,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xviii.',  73,  1879;  anal. 
(1),  Penfield,  ib.,  xxi.,  160,  1881.  Occurrence  at  the  Arrow  mine,  Chaffee  Co.,  Colorado, 
and  anal.  (2),  Konig,  Am.  Chem.  Journ.,  ii.,  375,  1881.  Occurrence  in  the  province  of 
Cajamarca,  Peru,  Ramondi,  Min.  Perou,  p.  234,  1878. 

S03         Fe203       K20       Na20        IIaO          SiOa 

1.  G.  =  3-09          30-42         48'27        8'53        0-28        [11-42]        1-08  =  100. 

2.  G.  =  3144        29-33         52'3G        7'30        0'90          10-55         =  100  '44. 

The  water  determined  in  (1),  viz.,  12'91,  was  too  high,  the  result  obtained  by  difference  is 
nearer  correct.  In  (2),  the  silica  has  been  deducted,  and  8 -8  p.  c.  of  turgite  remains  to  be 
rejected.  The  formula  is  then  K2  [Fe,,]3S4022,  6H20  =  K2S04  +  [Fe2]Sa012  +  2[Fe2] 
H6O6. 

JAULINGTTE,  Min.,  p.  800.— A  related  resin  (C2UH4302),  from  Koflach,  Styria,  for  which 
the  name  KOFLACHITE  is  provisionally  suggested  by  Dolter,  J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  152  (ref.). 

JEFFERISITE. — Min.,  p.  494;  App.  II.,  p.  30;  see  ako  Vermiculite,  p.  129. 
JEFFERSONITE. — Min.,  p.  215  ;  App.  II.,  p.  30. 
Jogynaite. — See  Scorodite,  p,  108. 

JORDANITE.— Min.,  p.  88;  App.  II.,  p.  31.— Cryst.,  Binnenthal,  W.  J.  Lewis,  Z.  Kryst., 
>ii.,  191,  1878. 

JULIANITE. — App.  I.,  p.  8. 

-KAKOCHLOR. — See  Psilomelane,  p.  98. 


APPENDIX  m.  65 

KALUSZITE. — App.  II.,  p.  31  (54). 

KAOLINTTE,  Min.,  p.  473;  App.  II.  p.  31. — Anal.,  Quenast,  Belgium,  de  Koninck,  Bull. 
Ac.  Belg.,  II.,  xliv.,  733,  1877. 

Chemical  and  microscopical  discussion  of  kaolin  from  the  "Bunt  Sandstein"  of 
Thuringia,  Herold,  Inaug.  Diss.  Jena,  1875.  Schmid,  in  an  extended  discussion  on  the 
same  subject,  names  two  kinds  of  crystallites  observed  by  him  mikrovermiculit,  and  mikro- 
schorlit,  the  latter  Ire  regards  as  probably  tourmaline,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxviii.,  87,  1876. 

KARARFVEITE. — App.  II.,  p.  32. 
KARSTENITE.— Min.,  p.  621;  App.  II.,  p.  31. 
Karyinite. — See  Caryinite,  p.  20. 
Keatingine. — See  Rhodonite,  p.  104. 

KEILHAUITE,  Min.,  p.  387. — Contains  scandium,  Clew,  CEfv.  Ak.  Stockh.,  xxxvi.,  No.  7, 
p.  3,  1879. 


jffelyphite.     Schrauf,    Verh.    G.    Reichs.,  1879,   244.      Gray  serpentinous  coating  of 
pyrope  crystals  from  Kremze,  near  Budweis,  Bohemia.     The  pyrope  has  been  analyzed  by 
irizer. 


pyrop 
Scliai 


KENNGOTTITE. — See  Miargyriie,  p.  77. 

Kentrolite.     Damour  and  vom  Rath,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  32,  1880. 

Orthorhombic ;  axes,  c  (vert.) :  &  :  &  =  0-784,  1  :  0  633.  Observed  planes:  7,  1,  and  i-1 
small.  I  A  1  =  115°  18',  1  A  1  (terminal)  =  87°  29'  and  125°  32'.  Cleavage:  prismatic, 
distinct.  Crystals  minute,  often  grouped  in  sheaf -like  forms  resembling  stilbite,  planes 
rough,  and  'the  prismatic  horizontally  striated.  Also  massive.  H.  =  5.  G.  =  6'19 
Color  dark  reddish  brown,  on  the  surface  blackish  (vom  Rath).  Analysis,  Damour: 

SiO2  Mn02  PbO 

15-95  24-50  (or  Mn203  22-26)  59-79     =     100-24. 

The  state  of  oxidation  of  the  manganese,  and  hence  the  true  composition  of  the  mineral, 

is  left  in  doubt;  on  the  first  supposition  it  is  expressed  PbMnSiOB,  which  requires:  SiO2 16*21, 
Mn02  23  52.  PbO  60  27  =  100;  on  the  second  it  is  Pb2  [Mn2]  SiaO»,  which  requires:  SiOa 
16-58,  Mn,03  21  83,  PbO  61'59  =  100.  [The  latter  formula  is  the  more  probable  one;  see 
Melanotekite,  p.  75.]  B.  B.  on  charcoal  gives  a  lead  coating  and  with  soda  a  globule  of 
lead.  In  a  salt  of  phosphorus  bead  dissolves  and  gives  in  R.  F.  a  slight  yellowish  color, 
after  the  addition  of  saltpeter  becomes  bright  violet.  Dissolves  in  part  in  dilute  sulphuric 
acid  with  the  separation  of  manganese  oxide  and  silica.  With  HC1  chlorine  is  disengaged. 
From  southern  Chili,  exact  locality  unknown.  Occurs  with  quartz,  barite,  apatite.  Named 
from  xevrpov,  spike.  Websky  calls  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  angles  of  kentrolite 
agree  very  closely  with  those  of  descloizite  (Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  552). 

KERRITE. — App.,  p.  31. 

KIESERITE. — Min.,  p.  641;  App.  II.,  p.  31. 

KILLINITE. — See  Spodumene,  p.  112. 

KJERULFINE,  App.  II.,  p.  31.— See  Wagnerite,  p.  130. 

KLAPROTHOLITE.— App.  I,  p.  8. 
5 


66  APPENDIX  m, 

KLINOCROCITE. — See  Clinocrocite,  p.  28. 

KLINOPH^EITE. — See  Clinophmte,  p.  28.  » 

KOCHELITE. — App.  I.,  p.  8. 
KSflachite. — See  Jaulingite,  p.  64. 
KOHLERITE. — App.  II.,  p.  31. 

KOLLOPHAN. — App.  I.,  p.   9. 

KONGSBERGITE,  App.  II.,  p.  32. — See  Amalgam,  p.  4. 
KOPPITE.— App.  II.,  p.  32. 

KORARFVEITE. — App.  II.,  p.  32. 

KOTTIGITE,  Min.,  p.  561. — Cryst.,  isomorphous  with  vivianite,  Groth,  Min  -Samml. 
Strassburg,  p.  166,  1878. 

KRAURITE.— See  Dufrenite,  p.  39. 

Krennerite.  BUNSENIN,  Krenner,  Termesz.  Fiizetek,  1877  (Wied.  Ann.,  i.,  637).  KREN- 
NERTTE,  vomRath,  Ber.  Ak.  Berlin,  1877,  292  (Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  014,  1877).  Schrauf,  ib  ,  ii., 
235,  1878. 

Orthorhombic  (monoclinic?  Schrauf).  Axes:  c  (vert.)  :  b  :  a  —  '504 15  :  1  :  '94071. 
Observed  planes  :  0,  i-l,  i-l,  1,  i-2,  i-},  i-2,  i-3,  1,  2-i,  3-*,  1-4,  i-I,  1-2, 1,  1-2,  *-£. 
1  A  /=  93°  30';  0  A  \-i=  151°  48';  6  A  M  =  153°  14'  :  0  A  1  =  143°  39'.  In  verti- 
cally striated  prismatic  crystals.  Cleavage :  basal  perfect  (v.  Rath).  Lustre  metallic,  brill- 
iant. Color  silver  white  to  brass  yellow.  Opaque.  Brittle. 

Contains  gold  and  tellurium,  with  a  little  silver  and  copper,  but  exact  composition  not  yet 
determined;  Schrauf  obtained  from  an  approximate  blowpipe  analysis,  Au  +  Ag(Pb?)  52, 
or  Au  31.  B.  B.  decrepitates  violently.  Found  at  Nagyag,  Transylvania,  associated  with 
quartz  and  pyrite.  Related  to  sylvanite  in  the  angles  of  two  zones,  but  different  in  others. 
Also  related  in  composition  to  calaverite. 

This  is  the  mineral,  according  to  Krenner  and  Schrauf,  which  has  formerly  gone  by  the 
names  gelberz,  weisstellur,  mlillerine,  etc.,  see  Min.,  p  81. 

As  the  name  bunsenite  has  been  accepted  for  the  nickel  protoxide  from  Johanngeorgen- 
stadt,  vom  Rath  has  given  this  mineral  the  name  krennerite  from  the  original  discoverer. 

KronnMte.  /.  Domeylco,  5th  Appendix  Min.  Chili,  1876;  also  3d  ed.  Min.  Chili,  p. 
250,  1879. 

Triclinic  (?).  In  irregular  prismatic  crystalline  masses  with  coarsely  fibrous  structure. 
Cleavage  distinct  parallel  to  an  edge  of  the  prism.  G.  =  2*o.  Lustre  vitreous.  Color 
azure  blue,  changing  somewhat  on  exposure  to  the  air.  Composition :  CuS04  4-  Na2S04  + 
2aq  =  copper  sulphate  47  23,  sodium  sulphate  4209,  water  10'68  =  100.  Analysis  by 
Kronnke  :  CuS04  46 '28,  N^S04  42 '95,  HaO  10'77  =  100.  Perfectly  soluble  in  water. 
Found  in  the  copper  mines  near  Calama,  on  the  road  from  Cabija  to  Potosi,  Bolivia. 

Krugite. — See  Polyhalite,  p.  96. 

LABRADORITE,  Min.,  p.  341;  App.  II.,  p.  32. — Anal.,  Adirondacks,  N.  Y.,  Leeds,  Arner. 
Ch.,  March,  1877.  Arvieu,  Arveyron,  Pisani,  C.  R.,  Ixxxvi.,  1420,  1878.  Element,  Min. 
Petr.  Mitth.,  i ,  366,  1878;  Schuster,  ib.,  p.  367. 

See  also  feldspar  Group,  p.  45. 


LANARKITE,  Min.,  p.  628  ;  App.  II.,  p.  33.— Cryst.  description,  wi 
viously  accepted  angles,  Schrauf,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  31,  1877. 


with  correction  of  pre- 


APPENDIX  III.  67 

LANGITE.— Min.,  p.  685;  App.  II.,  p.  33. 
LAPIS  LAZULI.— Min.,  p.  334;  App.  II.,  p.  33. 

LAUMONTITE,  Min.,  p.  399;  App.  II.,  p.  33.— Anal.,  New  South  Wales,  Liversidge,  Min. 
Mag.,  i.,  54,  1876.  Monte  Catini,  Bechi,  Accad.  Line.  Trans.,  III.,  iii.,  114,  1879. 

Analysis  by  A.  Smita  (Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  268),  of  LEONHARDITE  from  the  Floitenthal 
(see  Brezina,  ib.,  1877,  98)  gave:  SiO,  52  92,  AL03  22'44,  CaO  12-23,  H20  12-38  =  9997, 
for  material  dried  over  sulphuric  acid,  and  SiO,  60-15,  Al,03  25-91,  CaO  14-19  =  100-25 
for  ignited  material.  The  first  corresponds  with  the  previously  accepted  formula  :  Si4[Al2] 
CaH6Oi5,  which,  however,  expresses  the  composition  of  the  mineral  only  after  it  has  lost 
in  dry  air,  or  at  100°,  a  part  of  its  water.  Smita  confirms  the  conclusion  that  leonhardite 
is  to  be  referred  to  laumontite,  differing  from  it  only  in  having  lost  a  part  of  the  water 
which  goes  off  at  100°. 

LAURITE,  Min.,  p.  74;  App.  II.,  p.  33. — Artificially  prepared,  St.  Claire  Deville  and 
Debray,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii.,  185,  1879. 

Lautite.     Frenzel,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  iii.,  515  ;  iv.,  97,  1881. 

In  small  brilliant  crystals,  short  prismatic,  with  /,  i-l  and  0 ;  orthorhombic.  Generally 
massive  ;  compact.  Columnar  to  fine  fibrous,  radiated,  also  fine  granular.  H.  =  3-3  5. 
G.  =  4-96.  Lustre  metallic.  Color  iron  black.  Streak  black.  Opaque.  Not  brittle. 

Analyses,  Frenzel  : 

S  As  Sb  Ag  Cu 

1.  18-00  4206  ....  11-74  27-60  =     99-40. 

2.  17-60  41-06  ....  11-62  28'29  =     98'57. 

3.  18-57  42-60  0'58  3  03  33  54,  Fe  0'44  =  98-76. 

The  iron  in  (3)  is  due  to  chalcopyrite ;  another  determination  of  the  silver  gave  7'78  p.  c. 
Formula  deduced  CuAsS  [see  below],  with  Ag  replacing  in  part  the  Cu,  this  requires : 
S  18-78,  As  44-01,  Cu  37 '21  =  100.  B.  B.  decrepitates  violently  ;  fuses  easily,  giving  off 
arsenical  fumes.  In  the  closed  tube  yields  an  arsenical  mirror.  Soluble  in  nitric  acid; 
gives  with  hydrochloric  acid  a  silver  chloride  precipitate.  Found  at  Lauta,  near  Marien- 
berg,  Saxony;  accompanied  by  metallic  arsenic,  ruby  silver,  tetrahedrite,  chalcopyrite, 
galenite,  and  barite.  [A  homogeneous  mineral  ?  May  it  not  contain  metallic  arsenic  ?] 

LAVENDULAN,  Min.,  p.  560.— Anal.,  Chili,  Goldsmith,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  So.  Philad.,  p.  192, 

1877. 

LAVROFFITE. — Min.,  p.  216;  App.  II.,  p.  33. 

Lawrencite.     Daubree,  C.  R.,  Ixxxiv.,  66,  Jan.,  1877. 

Iron  protochloride,  shown  by  Daubree  to  be  present  in  the  Greenland  native  iron. 
Named  after  Dr.  J.  Lawrence  Smith,  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  who  detected  the  same  substance 
in  the  meteoric  iron  of  Tazewcll.  Daubree  also  uses  the  name  STAGMATITE  (from  6rdyf.iat 
drop). 

LAXMANNITE. — App.  I.,  p.  9. 

LAZULITE,  Min.,  p.  572;  App.  II.,  p.  33. — Anal.,  discussion  of  formula,  Zermatt,  Gam- 
per,  Jahrb.  G.  Rsichs.,  1878,  611.  Canada,  Hoffmann,  Geol.  Canada,  Rep.,  1879-80  (Am. 
J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxi.,  410). 

LEAD,  Min.,  p.  17;  App.  II.,  p.  33. — Russia,  occurrence,  v.  Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  vi., 
236.  Huancavelica,  Peru,  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou,  p.  145,  1878. 

LEADHILLITE,  Min.,  p.  624  ;  App.  II.,  p.  m.—Laspeyres  (Z.  Kryst ,  i.,  193,  1877)  finally 
concludes  that  his  supposed  species,  MAXITE  (App.  II.,  p.  38),  is  really  identical  with  lead- 


68  APPENDIX  III. 

hillite.  The  crystalline  form  is  monoclinic,  according  to  him,  with  /?  =  89°  48',  and  the 
composition  is  expressed  by  the  empirical  formula  H10Pb1(.CyS5056,  which  requires  S03 
8;17,  CO,  8-08,  PbO  -81-91,  H20  1-84  =  100  (seealsoJ.  pr.  Ch.,  xi.,  26,  1874;  xii.,347,  1876; 
xiii.,  370,  1876).  The  extremely  complex  character  of  the  formula  makes  it  somewhat 
improbable. 

Bertrand  (C.  R.,  Ixxxyl,  348,  1878)  describes  leadhillite  from  Matlock,  Derbyshire,  with 
2E  =  72°  yellow  (Sardinia  and  Scotch  crystals  have  2E  =  21");  the  angle  diminishes  with 
rise  in  temperature,  and  finally  2E  =  66°  at  250° ;  above  this  point  the  crystals  fly  to 
pieces.  As  bearing  upon  the  question  of  the  independent  character  of  susannite,  Bertrand 
describes  crystals  from  Leadhills,  in  which  he  finds  gray  colored  spots  with  2E  =  21  °,  and 
green  colored  spots  which  are  uniaxial.  The  species  leadhillite  and  susannite  are  prob- 
ably identical. 

Leidyite.    Konig,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1878,  84. 

In  verrucif orm  incrustations,  consisting  of  fine  scales  with  silky  lustre  ;  also  stalactitic ; 
crystalline  (?).  H.  =  1-2.  Lustre  resinous.  Color  grass-,  blue-,  or  olive -green.  Streak 
white.  Analysis : 

Si02  A1203  FeO  MgO  CaO  H-,0 

51-41  16-84  8-50  3-07  3-15  17'08     =     100-03. 

The  formula  calculated  by  the  author  is  R2[Al2]Si5015  +  5aq,  with  R  —  Fe,  Ca,  Mg,  H2. 
B.  B.  fuses  with  intumescence  to  a  light  yellow  green  glass.  In  the  closed  tube  gives  off 
water  and  becomes  brown.  Soluble  readily  in  HC1,  with  partial  gelatinization ;  after 
ignition  insoluble.  Found  with  grossular  garnet,  zoisite,  and  quartz,  at  Leiperville,  Dela- 
ware Co.,  Penn.  Named  after  Dr.  Joseph  Leidy,  of  Philadelphia. 

LEONHAEDITE. — See  Laumontite,  p.  67. 

LEPIDOLITE.— Min.,  p.  314;  App.  II.,  p.  33.— See  Mica  Group,  p.  77. 

Lepidophseite.— See  Wad,  p.  130. 

LESLEYITE. — App.  I,  p.  18. 

LETTSOMITE,  Min.,  p.  666.— Anal.,  La  Garonne,  Dept.  du  Var,  Pisani,  C.  R.,  Ixxxvi. 
1418,  1878.  Optical  characters  investigated,  Bertrand,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  11,  1881. 

LEUCHTENBERGITE,  Min. ,  p.  500;  App.  II.,  p.  34. — Microscopic  examination,  v.  Leuchten- 
lerg,  Bull.  Ac.  St.  Pet.,  xxi.,  509,  1876. 

LEUCITE,  Min.,  p.  334;  App.  II.,  p.  34. — The  question  as  to  the  true  crystalline  system 
of  leucite  has  been  discussed,  as  follows  :  Hirschwald,  Min.Mitth.,  1875,  227  ;  Tschermak, 
Min.  Mitth.,  1876,  60  (anal,  by  Berwerth);  vom  Rath,  J.  Min.,  1876,  281,  403;  Hirschwald, 
J.  Min.,  1876,  519,  733  ;  Baumhauer,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  257,  1877  ;  Hirschwald,  Min.  Petr. 
Mitth.,  i.,  85,  1878  ;  Bammhauer,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  i.,  287,  1878  ;  Groth,  Z.  Kryst.,  v., 
264,  1880;  Weisbach,  J;  Min.,  1880,  i.,-143;  also  Mallard,  Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  79,  1876. 
Hirschwald  maintains  that  the  species  is,  in  fact,  isometric,  with  polysynthetic  structure. 
This  view  is  opposed  by  Bammhauer,  vom  Rath,  and  Groth,  and  the  results  of  a  series  of 
experiments  on  the  etching  of  the  crystalline  faces  seem  to  prove  its  tetragonal  nature. 
Mallard  regards  leucite  as  pseudo-isometric,  referring  it  to  the  orthorhombic  system,  and 
later,  Weisbach,  on  the  basis  of  a  series  of  measurements  by  Treptow,  has  reached  a  simi- 
lar conclusion. 

Fouque  and  Levy  have  succeeded  in  obtaining  artificial  crystals  of  leucite  (C.  R.,  Ixxxvii., 
961,  1878,  and  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iii.,  118,  1880);  and  Hautefeuille  (C.  R.,  xc.,  313,  378,  1880) 
has  formed  an  iron  leucite,  containing  iron  in  place  of  the  alumina.  In  both  cases  the 
same  twinning  is  observed,  and  the  same  optical  characters  as  in  natural  crystals. 

Analyses  by  Berwerth,  Acquacetosa,  near  Rome  (Min.  Mitth.,  1876,  66 »;  Schulze,  Albani 
Mts.,  J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  114.  Occurrence  on  the  island  of  Bawean,  Dutch  East  Indies, 
Vogelsang-Zirkel,  J.  Min.,  1875,  175. 


APPENDIX  in.  69 

Leucochalcite.    Sandberger  ;  Petersen,  J.  Min.,  1881,  i.,  263. 

In  very  slender,  needle-like  crystals.  Nearly  white,  with  tinge  of  green.  Lustre  silky. 
Analysis:  As206[37-89],  P205  1-60,  CuO  4710,  CaO  1'56,  MgO  2-28,  ign.  9'57  =  100  ;  cor- 
respondino-  to  Cu4As209  +  3H20,  or  Cu3As208  +  CuH»Oa  +  2aq,  which  requires:  As205 
4.2  '75,  CuO  47'21,  H20  10*04  =  100.  Becomes  first  green  on  ignition,  and  finally  fuses  to 
a  black  glass.  Occurs  as  a  delicate  coating  with  malachite  and  calcite.  Wilhemine  mine 
in  the  Spessart.  [A  more  complete  description  is  to  be  desired  ;  the  mineral  is  apparently 
an  arsenical  tagilite.] 

Leucomanganite.  Sandberger,  J.  Min.,  1879,  370.  Announced  as  a  snow-white  min- 
eral, in  broad  foliated-radiated  aggregates.  B.  B.  becomes  brownish  black,  and  fuses 
easily.  Contains  MnO,  FeO,  alkalies  and  water.  From  Rabenstein,  near  Zwiesel.  [Needs 
further  examination.  Is  it  related  to  fairfieldite  ?] 

LEUCOPHANITE,  Min.,  p.  260;  App.  II.,  p.  ^.—Bertrand  (Phil.  Mag.,  V.,  in.,  357,  1877) 
concludes  on  optical  grounds  that  leucophanite  is  to  be  considered  either  as  monoclinic  or 
hemihedral  orthorhombic.  Groih  (Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  199,  1878)  proves  that  the  crystals  are 
really  monoclinic,  and  deduces  the  axial  relations,  c  (vert.) :  b  :  d  =  1-054: 1 : 1'061 ;  ft  =  90° 
approx.  Groth  describes  twins  and  fourlings  analogous  to  harmotome. 

Rammelsberg  (ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxviii.,  57,  1876)  publishes  some  new  analyses,  and  deduces 
the  formula  :  R15Si14043  +  6NaF  with  R  =  Be  :  Ca=  1:1;  this  requires  :  SiOa  49'35,  BeO 
11-16,  CaO  24-68,  Na,0  10-93,  F  6 "69  =  102-81. 

LEUCOPYRITE.— Min.,  p.  77;  App.  II.,  p.  34. 
Leucoxene. — See  Titanomorphite,  p.  122. 

Leucotile.    Hare,  Inaug.  Diss.  Breslau,  1879  (Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  295X 

In  fibres  irregularly  grouped  on  serpentine.  Cleavable,  parallel  and  perpendicular  to 
the  longitudinal  direction;  optically  orthorhombic (?).  Lustre  silky.  Color  green.  Analy- 
sis : 

Si02      A1203      Fe203      MgO        CaO       Na20      K2O         H20 
28-98        6-99        8'16        29'78        7'37        1-32         tr.          17'29    -    99'89. 

This  corresponds  nearly  to  R,[R2]Si4019,  8H20.  Easily  soluble  in  HC1  and  H2S04.  B. 
B.  fuses  and  becomes  slightly  yellow,  and  yellowish  brown.  From  Rcichenstein,  Silesia. 

Leviglianite.— See  Onofrite,  p.  86. 

LEVYNITE.— Min.,  p.  431 ;  App.  II.,  p.  34.     See  also  Cliabazite,  p.  22. 

LIBETHENITE,  Min.,  p.  563.— Cry st.,  pseudo-orthorhombic  (monoclinic),  according  to 
Schrauf,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  19,  1879. 

Made  artificially,  Friedel  and  Sarasin,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii.,  157,  1879. 
LIEVRITE. — See  Hvaite,  p.  62. 
LIMBACHITE. — App.  II.,  p.  34. 
LIMBILITE.— Min.,  p.  258;  App.  II.,  p.  34. 
LIMONITE.— Min..  p.  172;  App.  II.,  p.  34. 

LINARITE,  Min.,  p.  663;  App.  II.,  p.  31.-Cryst.,  Erzberg,  v.  Zepharovich,  Lotos,  Dec., 
1874. 

Argentine  Republic,  anal.,  Frenzel,  J.  Min.,  1875,  675;  cryst,  v.  Rath,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv., 
426,  1880. 

Anal.,  State  of  Jalisco,  Mexico,  Barcena,  Naturaleza,  iv.,  55,  1877. 


70  APPENDIX  ra. 

LINN^EITE,  Min.,  p.  68.— Analyses,  P.  T.  Cleve  (Geol.  For.  Forh.,  i.,  125.,  1872),  1,  Bast- 
nas,  2,  Gladhammar  : 

S  Co  Ni  Cu          Fe 

1.  Bastnas,  G.  =  4'755.  41-83        44-92          0'19        S\2        4'19     =      99-35. 

2.  Gladhainmar,  G.  =  4'825.       42-19        39'33        12'3J        2'28        4'29     =     100-42. 

Both  correspond  closely  to  the  formula  2RS  +  RS2,  or  RS,  R2S3. 
Lintonite.— See  Thomsonite,  p.  121. 
Lionite. — See  Tellurium,  p.  119. 

Liskeardite.     Maskelyne,  Nature,  Aug.  15,  1878. 

Massive  ;  in  thin  incrusting  layers,  with  uniform  fibrous  structure.  Color  white,  with  a 
slight  blue  or  greenish-blue  tint.  Composition  stated  to  be  [RJ3AsaOi4,  16H  0,  with  [Ra] 
=  [A1J  and  some  [FeJ,  according  to  an  analysis  by  Dr.  Flight  (not  published)  Lis- 
keard,  Cornwall.  An  arsenical  evansite,  Min.,  p.  585.  [A  more  complete  description  is 
to  be  desired.] 

Lithiophilite.— See  Triphylite,  p.  124. 
LITHIOPHORITE,  App.  I.,  p.  9. — See  Psilomelane,  p.  98. 

Litidionite  (Lithidionite).     E.  Scacchi,  Rend.  Accad.  Napoli,  Dec.,  1880. 

Blue  lapilli,  found  at  Vesuvius  in  1873,  7  to  25  mm.  in  diameter,  were  found  to  consist  of 
a  white  earthy  substance,  with  a  glassy  blue  crust.  Of  the  latter,  H.  =  5-6,  G.  =  2 '535. 
The  mean  of  two  analyses  gave,  after  being  washed:  Si02  71  "57,  CuO  6'49,  FeO  4*02,  K20 
10-92,  Na20  6'78  —  99'78.  Slightly  attacked  by  HC1;  fuses  very  easily  (the  white  nucleus, 
consisting  of  augite,  olivine.  etc.,  is  infusible).  The  author,  on  the  ground  of  the  fusibility, 
regards  the  substance  as  a  mixture  of  quartz  and  the  carbonates  of  potassium  and  sodium. 
[The  name,  obviously,  d^oes  not  belong  to  a  definite  species,  why  it  was  given  does  not  appear.] 

LIVINGSTONITE,  App.  II.,  p.  35.— Analysis  by  F.  P.  VfnaWe  (Chem.  News,  xl.,  186,  1879), 
after  deducting  impurities  :  (f)S  23' 73,  Sb  58*75,  Hg  22 '5 i  =  100,  for  which  the  formula 
HgS  +  2Sb2S3  is  given  (but  Groth  suggests  Hg2S  +  4Sb2S3,  Z.  Kryst,,  vi.,  97).  Anal, 
by  Barcena  :  S  22-97,  Sb  53'12,  Hg  20'00;  gangue  and  loss  3'91  =  100,'  Naturaleza,  iv.,  268, 
1879.  From  Guadalcazar,  Mexico,  anal,  by  Page,  Ch.  News,  xlii.,  195,  1880. 

Made  artificially,  Baker,  Ch.  News,  xlii.,  196,  1880. 

LOLLINGITE,  Min.,  p.  76  ;  App.  II.,  pp.,  35,  34.— Anal,  (satersbergite,  FeAs2),  Brevig, 
Norway,  Nordenskiold,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  242,  1875.  Monte  Challanches,  Dauphiny,  in 
crystals,  Frenzel,  J.  Min.,  1875,  677.  In  serpentine  of  Reichenstein,  Silesia,  Hare,  Z. 
Kryst.,  iv.,  295. 

Louisite.    Honeymann,  Proc.  Nova  Scotia  Inst.  Nat.  Sc.,  v.,  15,  1878. 

A  transparent,  glassy,  leek  green  mineral ;  streak  white ;  fracture  splintery.  H.  =  6'5. 
G.  =  2-41.  Gelatinizes  with  HC1.  An  analysis  by  H.  Louis  gave  :  Si02  63'74,  A1.0:,  0-57, 
FeO  1-25,  MnO  tr.,  CaO  17'27,  MgO  0-38,  K20  3'38,  Na20  0'08,  H20  12'96  =  99-63.  [Needs 
further  examination ;  free  silica  is  very  probably  present.] 

LucMte.— See  Melanterite,  p.  76. 

Ludlamite.    N.  Story-Maskelyne  and  F.  Field,  Phil.  Mag.,  V.,  iii.,  52,  135,  525,  1877. 

Monoclinic.  Axes,  c  (vert.) :  b  :  d  —  1  "9820:  1 : 2-2527.  jtf  =  79°  27'.  Observed  planes  ; 
0,  i-i,  i-l,  I,  !,-!,-  i,  l_|,  -2-i,  1-*,  2-*.  0  A  ir4  ==  100°  33',  0  A  M  =  117°  10' ; 
/  A  /=  131°  23';  0  A  —  1  —  118°  35'.  0  A  1  —  111°  29'.  0  and  1  striated  parallel  to  inter- 
section-edge. Cleavage  :  0  highly  perfect ;  i-i  distinct.  Optic-axial  plane,  the  clinodiag- 
onal.  Acute  bisectrix  positive,  inclined  67°  5'  to  the  vertical  axis  in  the  acute  angle  of  the 


APPENDIX  III.  71 

axes  cd.     Axial  angles  :  2Ha  =  97°  50',  2H0  =  119°,  and  hence  2V  =  82°  22'.     Dispersion 
of  the  bisectrices  almost  zero,  of  the  axes  small  p  >  v. 

H.  =3-4.     G.  =3-12.     Lustre  brilliant.      Color  bright  green.     Streak  greenish  white. 
Transparent.     Analysis  (mean  of  several)  : 

P205  FeO  H20 

52-76  16-98     =     99'85. 


This  corresponds  to  Fe7P4017,  9H20  (or  H2Fe7P4018  +  8aq)  =  P205  29-89,  FeO  53'06, 
H20  17-05  =  1UO.  B.  B.  colors  the  flame  pale  green,  and  leaves  a  black  residue.  In  the 
closed  tube  decrepitates  violently,  becomes  dark  blue,  and  gives  off  water.  Soluble  in 
dilute  hydrochloric  and  sulphuric  acids. 

Occurs  with  siderite,  vivianite,  pyrite,  at  the  Wheal  Jane  mine,  near  Truro,  Cornwall.' 
Nameo.  after  Mr.  Ludlam,  of  London. 

LUDWIGITB.  —  App.  II.,  p.  35. 

LUNEBURGITE.  —  App.  I.,  p.   10. 

LUNNITE.  —  See  Pseudomalachite,  p.  97. 
LUZONITE,  App.  II.,  p.  35.  —  See  Clarite,  p.  27. 

Macfavlanite.  The  occurrence  at  Silver  Islet,  Lake  Superior,  with  the  metallic  silver, 
of  thin  plates  and  grains  of  a  reddish-brown  sectile  mineral,  containing  As,  Ag,  Co,  Ni,  and 
supposed  to  be  new,  was  described  by  T.  Macfarlane  in  1870  (Can.  Nat.,  Feb.  1).  To  the 
granular  ore,  or  mixture  of  reddish-colored  grains  with  other  minerals,  the  name  MACFAR- 
LAXITE  was  given,  later,  by  Major  Sibley  (quoted  by  Macfarlane,  Trans.  Amer.  Inst.  Min. 
Eng.,  viii.,  236,  1880;  see  also  Courtis,  Eng.  Min.  J.,  xxvii.,  March  29,  1879).  In  1879 
Wurtz  described  two  supposed  new  minerals  from  Silver  Islet,  HUNTILITE  (Eng.  Min.  J., 
xxvii.,  55,  1879)  and  AXIMIKITE  (ib.,  p.  124).  His  descriptions  are  as  follows  : 

HUNTILITE.  —  In  two  varieties  :  (^1)  Of  a  dark  gray  or  more  commonly  bjack  color;  dull, 
amorphous,  porous,  and  fragmentary;  (B)  apparently  crystalline;  one  cleavage  direction; 
bright  slate  color,  and  occurs  imbedded  in  calcite.  (A)  is  the  more  common.  Semi-malle- 
able. H.  less  than  2-5.  G.  =  7'47  (A),  6  '27  (B),  after  deduction  of  impurities.  Analyses  : 

As        Sb       S        Ag       Hg       Co      Ni       Fe       Zn     H20  gangue. 
A     21-10    3-33    0-78    59-00     1'04    3-92    1'96    3'06    2-42    0-19    3-23*     =  100-03. 
B     23-99    4-25    1-81    44-67    I'll    7'33    2-11    8'53    3'05    0'33    165*     =     98'83. 
*  (.1)  Silicate  0'88,  calcite  2'35;  (B)  do.  0'55  and  TIO. 

The  author  proposes  to  subtract  the  Hg  as  amalgam,  and  S  as  pyrite,  and  then  calculat- 

ing the  remaining  metals  as  Ag  (R  =  2R),  he  obtains  the  ratio  of  II  :  As  (  4-  Sb)  =  2'90  :1 
for  A,  and  2*99  :  1  for  B.  On  the  basis  of  this,  the  formula  AgsAs  is  assumed  as  represent- 
ing the  composition.  Named  after  Dr.  T.  Stcrry  Hunt.  [No  value  can  be  attached  to  the 
formula  deduced  (see  below),  for  most  of  the  metals  thus  taKen  together  are  present^  only  as 
impurities.  Compare  Arsenargentite,  p.  9.] 

ANIMIKITE.  —  Occurs  as  an  incrustation  on  huntilite,  also  in  isolated  slabs  or  plates. 
Structure  fine-granular,  crypto-crystalline.  G.  =  9*45.  Color  white  to  grayish  white. 
Fracture  semi-conchoidal  or  granular.  Somewhat  sectile.  An  analysis  yielded  : 

Sb         As          S          Ag         Hg        Co        Ni         Fe         Zn    gangue. 
11-18      0-35      1-49      77-58      0-99      2'10      1'90      1'68      0'36      1'68     =     99-31. 

From  the  Silver  Islet  mine,  Lake  Superior.  Named  from  "  animikie,"  thunder,  whence 
Thunder  Bay.  The  formula  Ag»Sb  is  proposed. 

The  complex  relations  of  the  above  minerals  and  mineral  mixtures  has  been  well  investi- 
gated by  Macfarlane  (1.  c.  ).  The  granular  ore  was  found  to  be  made  up  of  reddish-brown 
metallic  grains,  when  polished  looking  like  burnished  nickel,  with  an  undetermined  black 
mineral,  niccolite,  galena,  calcite,  and  quartz.  The  ore,  pulverized  and  freed  from  all 
brittle  materials  by  washing,  yielded  75  to  84  p.  c.  silver;  the  grains  finally  obtained  by 
repeated  trituration  and  sifting  had  a  dark  gray  color,  and  gave  92  p.  c.  silver  ;  on  solution 


72  APPENDIX  III. 

in  dilute  nitric  acid  these  grains  yielded  :  Ag  93*54,  Ni  1'58,  As  2  15,  Sb  0'36,  insol.  2'37  = 
100.     The  insoluble  portion  (2'37*p.  c.)  assayed  17'46  p.  c.  silver. 

A  quantity  of  the  original  metallic  grains  were  acted  upon  by  three  successive  portions 
of  very  dilute  nitric  acid.  The  results  were  : 

Ag  Hg         M          As  Sb 

1.  37-64        0-65        4-66        6-40        017    =    49-52. 

2.  33-69        0-10        1-22        ....        006    =     35-07. 

3.  5-40        tr tr.      =      5 -40. 

• 

There  remained  6 -20  p.  c.  insol.  (quartz,  etc.),  and  3 -77  p.  c.  of  a  black  mineral  washed 
from  the  quartz,  containing  24'8  p.  c.  Ag,  also  Sb,  S,  Pb,  Co,  Ni.  The  author  closes  by  stat- 
ing very  justly,  that  further  investigation  is  needed  to  determine  the  character  of  the 
various  minerals  present. 

Konig  (Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1877,  276)  has  analyzed  a  similar  mineral  mixture 
from  Silver  Islet:  As  10-56,  Sbtr.,  S  1'81,  PbS  38 '18,  Ag  32'68,  Ni,  Co  896,  Fe  0'35, 
quartz  6 '00,  CaC03  1 '20  =  99'74.  He  regards  the  nickel  and  arsenic  as  combined  and 
forming  niccolite,  which  exists  mixed  with  galenite,  argentite,  and  probably  a  basic  silver 
arsenide. 

[It  would  appear  from  the  above,  that  the  true  nature  of  the  individual  minerals  present 
in  the  Silver  Islet  ores  is  still  to  be  determined,  but  that  there  is  probably  present  a  silver 
arsenide  (hvntilite),  and  perhaps  also  a  silver  antiinonide  (animikite)  allied  to  dyscrasite.] 

MACONITE. — App.  II.,  p.  36. 

MAGNESITE,  Min.,  p.  685;  App.  II.,  p.  36. — Massive  var.  from  Elmen,  Eastern  Alps  (anal, 
by  Lehinayer),  Gumbd,  Verh.  G.  Reichs.,  1880,  276. 

MAGNETITE,  Min.,  p.  149;  App.  II.,  p.  36. — Cryst.,  Vesuvius,  Scacclii,  Contrib.  Min.,  ii., 
3.  Albani  Mts.,  Latium,  Sella,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  230,  1877.  Binnenthal,  with  implanted 
rutile  crystals  in  parallel  position,  Seligmann,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  340;  do.  with  hematite,  same 
locality,  Bucking,  ib.,  i.,  575.  Jerofeief  (Verh.  Min.  Ges.  St.  Pet.,  II.,  xvii.,  24),  Min.  Russl., 
viii.,  226,  1881. 

Coercive  force,  Holzr  Wied.  Ann.,  v.,  169,  1878. 

Anal.,  Kaiserstuhl  (4-08  p.  c.  Ti02),  Knop,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  64,  1877.  Magnet  Cove  (325 
p.  c.  TiO2),  Konig,  Pr.  Am.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1877,  293.  Kristianstad,  Sweden  (by 
Nordstrom,  6 '01  p.  c.  Ti02),  Karlsson,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  i.,  14,  1872. 

With  melanite  on  trap,  East  Rock,  New  Haven,  .E.  S.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xiv., 
217,  1877. 

MAGNOCHROMITE. — App.  II.,  p.  36. 

Magnolite.     F.  A.  Genth,  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  Phil.,  xvii.,  118,  1877. 

In  radiating  tufts  of  very  minute  acicular  or  capillary  crystals.  Color  white.  Lustre 
silky.  Contains  mercury  and  tellurium,  and  composition  inferred  to  be  HgaTe04.  Black- 
ened by  ammonia.  A  decomposition  product  of  coloradoite,  found  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
Keystone  mine,  Magnolia  District,  Colorado.  [Needs  further  examination.] 

MALACHITE. — Min.,  p.  715;  App.  II.,  p.  37. 
MALDONITE. — App.  I.,  p.  10. 
Malinofskite.— See  Tetraliedrite,  p.  120. 

Mallardite.     Carnot,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii.,  117,  1879. 

In  crystalline  masses  with  fine  fibrous  structure;  probably  monoclinic  (Mallard,  ib.,  p. 
119).  Colorless.  Analyses,  1,  Rioult;  2,  Carnot: 

S03       MnO      FeO     MgO     CaO       H20      Insol. 

1.  28-0        20-9        0-3        1-2        0-8        86-8      14-0     =     100-2. 

2.  290        23-6  '    0-6        0-7        44"5         1'6     =      99-8. 


APPENDIX   III.  73 

This  corresponds  closely  to  the  formula  :  MnS04  +  7aq,  which  brings  it  into  the  same 
group  with  melanterite,  Min.,  p.  646.  Easily  soluble  in  water.  Changes  rapidly  on  expos- 
ure ;  effloresces,  becomes  opaque,  and  finally  pulverulent.  Is  decomposed  by  strong  heat- 
ing, losing  the  sulphuric  acid  and  water,  and  leaving  a  reddish-brown  residue.  Carnot 
obtained  from  a  solution  of  manganese  sulphate  at  15°  C.  the  salt,  MnSO4  +  5aq  in  tri- 
clinic  crystals;  but  at  a  temperature  of  6a  C.  he  obtained  monoclinic  crystals  with  the  com- 
position, MnS04  +  7aq. 

Occurs  in  a  gray  clay-like  gang  stone,  with  quartz  sand  and  barite.  From  the  silver  mine 
"  Lucky  Boy,"  south  of  Salt  Lake,  near  Buttorfield  Canon,  Utah. 

MAXCINITE. — According  to  Uzielli  (Trans.  Accad.  Line.,  III.,  i.,  108, 1877),  the  mineral 
called  maiicinite  is  not,  as  supposed,  from  the  hill  Manciuo,  near  Leghorn,  nor  is  it  a  zinc 
trisilicate,  Jacquot  (Ann.  Min.  III.,  xix.,  703,  1841). 

MANGANITE,  Min.,  p.  170. — Oryst.,  monograph  (Ilefeld),  showing  4  types  of  forms  with 
new  planes,  twins,  etc.,  the  crystals  holohedrally  developed,  (troth,  Min.-Samml.  Strass- 
burg,  p.  79,  1878.  Sadebeck,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxxi.,  206,  1879. 

Anal.,  Langban,  Sweden,  Blomstrand,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  183,  1874. 

MAXGAXOPHYLLITE,  App.  II.,  p.  37. — Found  at  Jacobsberg  and  Langban,  Wermland, 
Sweden,  Sjdgren,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  i.,  64,  1872. 

Manganosiderite. — See  Rhodochrosite,  p.  103. 

Manganosite.  Blomstrand,  Geol.  Fo'r.  Forh.,  ii.,  179,  1874;  iii.,  123,  1873.  Sjdgren, 
ii,  581;  iii.,  181,  1876;  iv.,  158,  1878. 

Isometric.  In  minute  crystals,  showing  the  octahedron  and  dodecahedron,  rarely  the 
cube.  Cleavage  cubic.  Isotropic.  H.  =  5-6.  G.  =  5 '18.  Lustre  vitreous.  Color  eme- 
rald green  on  the  fresh  fracture,  becoming  black  on  exposure  to  the  air.  Analysis,  Blom- 
strand, ib.,  ii.,  182  : 

MnO  FeO          MgO  CaO 

(1)  9804  0-42  1-71  016     =     100-33. 

Formula  :  MnO,  and  hence  isomorphous  with  periclasite.  Dissolves  with  difficulty  in 
strong  nitric  acid,  forming  a  colorless  solution.  Occurs  with  pyrochroite  and  manganite, 
in  a  manganiferous  dolomite  (anal.:  CaC03  56*47,  MnCO3  3010,  MgCO3  13  56,  FeC03  018 
—  100 '31,  Blomstrand)  at  Langban,  Wermland  ;  also  in  calcite,  brucite,  or  dolomite,  with 
hausmannite,  pyrochroite,  garnet,  etc.,  at  the  Mossgrufva,  Nordmark,  Sweden. 

Mangantantalite.— See  Tantalite,  p.  118. 

MARCASITE,  Min.,  p.  75  ;  App.  II.,  p.  37.— Cryst.,  twins  described,  etc.,  Oroth,  Min.- 
Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  38,  1878.  Cryst.  association  with  hematite,  Sadebeck,  Pogg.  Ann., 
Erg.-Bd.,  viii.,  625. 

MARCYLTTE,  Min.,  p.  ISl.—Raimondi  describes  a  mineral  from  the  Cerro  Verde,  between 
Islay  and  Arequipa,  Peru,  which  he  concludes  to  be  a  mixture  of  a  hydrated  oxysulphide 
of  copper,  marcylite,  with  cuprite  and  atacamite.  From  the  hacienda  d'Ocucaje,  province 
of  lea,  he  mentions  another  consisting  of  marcylite,  atacamite,  melaconite,  and  limonite, 
Min.  Perou,  pp.  98,  101,  1878.  [It  has  never  been  shown  that  the  original  marcylite  was 
really  a  distinct  species,  and  the  Peruvian  mineral  seems  to  be  no  less  uncertain.] 

MARGARITE,  Min.,  p.  506  ;  App.  II.,  p.  37.— See  also  App.  III.,  Mica  Grodp,  p.  77,  and 
Clintonite  Group,  p.  28. 

MARIPOSITE. — App.  II.,  p.  37. 


74  APPENDIX    III. 

Marmairolite.    N.  0.  Hoist,  Geol.  For.  Forh  ,  ii.,  530,  1875. 

In  very  fine  crystalline  needles,  monoclinic(?).  II.  =  5.  G.  =  3 '07.  Color  pale  yellow. 
Powder  white.  Transparent.  Analysis  (mean  of  several) : 

Si02  FeO  MnO  MgO  CaO  KoO  NaoO  ign 

56-27  2-03  4-86  21;36  6 '33  1'89  5  "94  0'90   =  99-58. 

Formula  approximately  RSiO-r  (Q.  ratio  for  R  :  Si  =  13-75  :  80-02).  B.  B.  fuses  with 
some  difficulty  to  an  opaque  bead.  Not  attacked  by  acids.  Occurs  with  scheft'erite  in  a 
brownish  manganesian  limestone  (containing  6'56  MnO,  and  1'35  PbO),  at  Langban,  in 
Wermland,  Sweden.  Named  from  fiapuaipoD,  to  glisten.  [Very  near  enstatite,  except 
that  it  contains  alkalies.] 

MASCAGNITE,  Min.,  p.  635. — In  guano  from  the  Guanape  lies,  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou, 
p.  32,  1878. 

MASKELYNITE. — App.  II.,  p.  37. 

MASSICOT,  Min.,  p.  136. — Occurrence,  Ccrro  de  Caracoles,  Bolivia.  Domeyko,  6th  App. 
Min.  Chili,  p.  15,  1878. 

MATLOCKITE,  Min.,  p.  119. — Anal.,  Montagne  de  Challacollo,  Tarapaca,  Peru,  Rai- 
mondi,  Min.  Perou,  p.  170,  1878. 

Matricite.    JV.  0.  Hoist,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  528,  1875. 

In  crystalline  masses  with  concentric,  fine  fibrous  structure.  H.  =  3-4.  G.  =  2  "53. 
Lustre  pearly.  Color  gray,  often  with  a  greenish  tinge.  Streak  white ;  subtranslucent  to 
opaque.  Fracture  splintery  to  uneven.  Feel  greasy.  Analysis  (after  the  deduction  of 
28 -36 p.  c.  CaC03  mechanically  mixed): 

Si02         MgO        CaO       A1203      FeO       MnO      Na-0       H20 

33-99        37-96        5-64        1-33        1-82        0-47        0-98        17-81  =  100. 

Formula  Mg2Si04  +  H20.  B.  B.  infusible.  Yields  water  in  the  closed  tube.  Decom- 
posed by  acids  with  separation  of  silica,  but  does  not  gelatinize.  Occurs  intimately  mixed 
with  calcite  and  associated  with  spodiosite,  at  the  Krangrufva  in  Wermland,  Sweden. 
[Compare  villarsite,  Min.,  p.  409.] 

MAXITE. — App.  II.,  p.  38;  see  also  Leadhillite,  App.  III.,  p.  67. 
MEERSCHALUMINITE. — App.  II.,  p.  38  (44). 

MEIONITE,  Min.,  p.  318;  App.  II.,  p.  38. — Anal.,  by  Neminar  (Min.  Mitth.,  1875,  51; 
1877,  61),  gave:  SiO2  43-36,  Al,08  32'09,  CaO  21-45,  MgO  0*31,  Na20  1'35,  K20  0-76,  H20 
0-27,  Cl  0-14,  C02  0.72  -  100 '45.  See  also  Scapolite,  p.  106. 

MELACONITE,  Min.,  p.  186;  App.  II.,  p.  38. — Vesuvius,  Scacclii,  Att.  Accad.  Napoli,  vi., 
1873  (Contrib.  Min.,  ii.,  12). 

Melanophlogite.  A.v.Lasaulx,  J.  Min.,  1876,  250,  627;  1879,  513. 

SULFURICIN,  Guyard,  Bull.  Soc.  Chim.,  II.,  xxii.,  61,  1874.  Brezina,  Min.  Mitth.,  1876, 
243. 

Occurs  in  minute  cubes,  sometimes  showing  twinning  striations.  Cleavage  cubic,  nearly 
perfect  (?)  H.  =  6-5-7.  G.  =  2-04.  Color  light  brown  or  colorless.  Lustre  vitreous. 
Transparent.  According  to  Bertrand  the  apparent  cubic  crystals  are  made  up  of  six  pyra- 
mids having  a  common  vertex  and  with  their  bases  coinciding  with  the  cubic  planes  (Bull. 


APPENDIX 


75 


Soc.  Min0,  iii.,  160,  1880).     Analyses:  1,  v.  Lasaulx  (1.  c.);  2,  sulfuricin (see below),  Guyard 
(I.e.): 


H-20  A12O3 


SrO    MgO    CaO 


„ 


1.  Melanophlogite.     86-29    7'2        2'86  (T?  3-8     =  99 -85,  Lasaulx. 

2.  Suluricin.  80*38    6*80      6'10    0'43    8'57*    ....    0-« 


•37     1-25,     S  4-10  =  (108). 
*  Brezina  suggests  that  it  probably  should  be  0'57. 


Melanophlogite  turns  finally  black  when  heated  B.  B.  (hence  name  from  neX.a?,  black, 
and  (pA.ey£d2ai,  to  be  burned}.  Occurs  forming  a  drusy  coating  on  sulphur,  calcite,  and 
celestite,  from  Girgenti,  Sicily. 

SULFURICIN,  from  Greece,  is  described  as  a  white  porous  silica,  having  a  sour  taste  and  im- 
pregnated with  sulphur;  the  analysis  is  given  above.  Melanophlogite  does  not  give  an  acid 
reaction.  [The  possible  relation  of  the  two  substances  mentioned  is  remarked  by  Brezina 
(1.  c.).  In  any  case  melanophlogite  can  hardly  be  regarded  as  an  original  mineral,  but  more 
probably  as  an  impure  form  of  silica  owing  its  origin  to  some  method  of  pseudomorphism, 
v.  Lasaulx  thinks  it  cannot  be  pseudomorphous  after  duorite.  The  observations  of  Bertrand 
would  not  separate  it  from  the  so-called  pseuds-isometric  species.] 


Melanosiderite.     J.  P.  Cooke,  Amer.  Acad.  Sci.,  x.,  451,  1875. 

Amorphous;  compact.  H.  =  4'5.  G.  =3*391.  Lustre  vitreous,  inclining  to  resinous. 
Color  black,  with  a  tinge  of  red.  Streak  brownish  to  brick  red.  Subtranslucent.  In  the 
closed  tube  decrepitates  and  gives  off  water.  Gelatinizes  with  hydrochloric  acid.  B.  B. 
fuses  at  4£  to  a  magnetic  mass.  Analysis,  by  \V.  II.  Melville  afforded:  Si02  (£)  7*42,  Fe^Oa 
75-13,  A1,O3  4-34,  HoO  (at  100°)  6'17,  H,O  (above  100°)  7'68  =  100-74.  Cooke  writes  the 
formula  [Fe3]4SiOM,  611,0,  which  requires:  Fc,Os  79-21,  Si02  7'4>,  H30  13  37  -  100.  If  the 
silica  is  an  impurity  the  composition  is  exact  ly  that  of  limonite,  as  the  author  remarks; 
this  seems  more  probable  than  that  it  is  a  true  silicate.  Locality,  Mineral  Hill,  Delaware 
Co.,  Penn.  Named  from  //eAnrS  and  tfidtjpo?,  in  allusion  to  the  black  color. 

Genth  (Sacond  Hep.  Min.  Pennsylvania,  p.  216.  Is76),  suggests  that  melanosiderite  is 
only  a  variety  of  an  iron  hvdrate,  probably  a  limonite  ;  Cooke,  however,  regards  it  as  a 
basic  silicate  on  the  ground  of  its  vitreous  lustre,  fusibility,  definite  composition,  and  the 
fact  that  it  gelatinizes  with  acids. 


Melanotekite.     G.  Lmdstrom,  CEfv.  Ak.  Forh.  Stockh.,  xxxv.,  6,  p.  53,  1889. 

Massive.  Cleavage  in  two  directions,  in  one  of  these  most  distinct.  II.  =  6  '5.  G.  = 
5'73.  Lustre  metallic  to  resinous.  Color  black  to  blackish  gray.  Streak  greenish  gray. 
Opaque  to  translucent  under  the  microscope.  Dichroic,  bottle  green  and  red  brown.  Anal- 
yses :  1,  after  deducting  2'56  p.  c.  impurities;  2,  after  deducting  3  '30  p.  c.  : 


SiO3  Fe2O3   PbO    CuO   FeO  MnO  CaO  M?O  K0O  Na2O 

1.  17-32    33-18    55-26    0'20    0'75    0'69   0'02   OT,9    0'24    ()-54   BaO  O'll  (?)  Cl  0  14,  P2Oa  0'07,  ign.  0'93 ; 
2.17-22    22-81    58'42 0'57   ...    0'33   0'18    0'33. 


100-01. 


The  atomic  ratio  for  R  :  [R2]  :  Si  =  2  : 1  :  2,  and  the  empirical  formula  is  Pb2[Fe;,~|  Si20;1. 
B.  B.  fuses  with  intumescence  to  a  black  bead ;  with  sola  on  charcoal  gives  a  globule  of  lead 
and  a  lead  coating.  With  borax  reacts  for  iron,  but  on  strong  heating  in  It.  F.  becomes 
on  cooling  black  and  opaque  (reduced  lead),  with  salt  of  phosphorus  gives  a  skeleton  of 
silica.  Decomposed  by  nitric  acid. 

Occurs  with  native  lead,  intimately  mixed  with  magnetite  and  yellow  garnet  at  Langban 
in  Werinland,  Sweden.  This  locality  has  furnished  two  other  lead  silicates,  hyalotekite 
and  .ganomalite  (q.  v.).  Named  in  allusion  to  the  related  hyalotekite,  from  //f'/laS,  black, 
and  Tt'fKEiv,  to  melt.  Lindstrom  calls  attention  to  the  fact  that  of  the  two  possible  formulas 
for  kentrolite  proposed  by  Damour  and  vom  Rath  (see  p.  60),  the  second  corresponds 
exactly  to  the  above  composition  of  melanotekite,  viz. :  Pb..  [Mn3]8iaO*,  which  establishes 
an  interesting  relation  between  the  two  minerals. 


Melanothallite.    A.  Scncchi,  copper  chloride  from  the  eruption  of  Vesuvius  in  1870. 
Att.  Accad.  Napoli.  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  138). 


76  APPENDIX  in. 

MELANTERITE,  Min.,  p.  646. — Crvst.,  and  anal.,  Idria,  v.  ZepTiarovich,  Ber.  Ak.  Wien, 
Ixxix.,  183,  1879. 

A 

Soc. 

ysis: 

this  the  formula  is  calculated  (Fe,Mn)  S04  4-  7aq,  with  Fe  :  Mn  —  ii  :  1.     From  the  silver 

mine  "Lucky  Boy,"  south  of  Salt  Lake,  near  Butterfield  Canon,  Utah. 

MELINOPHANE  (MELIPHANITE\  Min.,  p.  263  ;  App.  IT.,  p.  38.— In  tetragonal  crystals 
with  /and  1;  c  (vert.)  =  06584,  1  A  1  (terminal)  -.=  122°  23',  Brevig,  Bertrand,  C.  R., 
Ixxxiii.,  711,  1876. 

The  composition  is  discussed  by  Rammelsberg  (ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxviii.,  61,  1876),  who  makes 
the  formula  7R3Si207  +  6NaF,  with  R  =  Be  :  Ca  =  1  :  1,  and  Na  :  K  =  9  :  1 ;  this  requires- 
SiOa  42-95,  BeO  13'60,  CaO  30'07,  Na,0  8  56,  K2O  1-44,  F  5-83  =  102-45.  It  is  undoubtedly 
distinct  from  leucophanite  (q.  v.). 

MELLITE,  Min.,  p.  750. — Artificially  produced,  Friedel  and  Balsohn,  Bull.  Soc  Min  . 
IT.,  26,  1881. 

MENACCANITE,  Min,  p.  143,  App.  II.,  p.  38. — Cryst.,  tetartohedral,  v.  Kokscharof,  Min. 
Russl.,  vi.,  350,  1874.  Binnenthal,  tetartohedral,  Bucking,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  576,  1877;  ii., 
416,  1878.  Sadebeck,  Pogg.  Ann.,  clvi.,  557,  1875;  J.  Min.,  1878,  287.  Groth,  Min.- 
8am ml.  Strassburg,  p.  76,  1878. 

Comp.  discussed,  Friedel  and  Guerin,  Ann.  Ch.  Phys.,  V.,  viii.,  £8,  1876. 

From  diamond  fields,  So.  Africa,  anal,  containing  12  p.  c.  MgO  (compare  anal.  24,  Min., 
p.  144),  Cohen,  J.  Min  ,  1877,  695.  Egersund,  Norway,  Tamm,  Geol.  For.  F6rh.,ii.,  46, 
1874. 

A  partially  altered  variety  of  menaccanite  has  been  called  HYDEOILMENITE  by  C.  W. 
Blomstrand  (Minnesskrift  Fys.  Sallsk.,  Lund,  1878,  p.  4).  It  forms  thin  (1-6  mm.) 
curved  plates  with  tolerably  distinct  rhombohedral  cleavage  (R  /\  R  =  86°-87°),  and 
basal  less  so.  G.  =  4  -063-4 136.  Color  iron  black.  Streak  dark  gray.  Lustre  metallic. 
Not  magnetic.  Analyses  : 

TiO>          Si02       Fe,03        FeO        MnO     CaO      MgO     KUO 

1.  (|)    60-80*      undet.       18'83f       15.75f      3'28      0'42       ....       175. 

2.  (§)    54-23          1-40        14-99        21'91        6*34      0'45       0-19      1'33  =  100-84. 

*  With  SiO2  ?  t  The  correctness  of  this  separation  is  questioned. 

The  mineral  decomposes  readily,  and  finally  becomes  coated  with  a  yellowish  white  crust 
consisting  essentially  of  Ti02.  Probably  altered  from  normal  menaccanite  by  the  assump- 
tion of  water.  '  From  Smaland,  Sweden. 

MENDOZITE,  Min.,  p.  653. — Anal.,  Punta  de  Belen,  Argentine  Repub.  (Schickendantz), 
Brackebuscli,  Min.  Argentin.,  75,  1879. 

MENEGHINITE,  Min.,  p.  105;  App.  II.,  p.  38. — Anal,  (by  Martini  and  Funaro),  Bottino, 
Italy,  D'Achiardi,  Att.  Soc.  Tosc.,  ii.,  116,  1876. 

Meroxene. — See  Mica  Group,  p.  77. 

MESOLITE,  Min.,  p.  430;  App.  II.,  p.  38. — Ltidecke  (J.  Min.,  1881,  ii.,  1),  makes  the 
crystals  from  Iceland  monoclinic.  An  analysis  by  Schmid  (Pogg.  Ann.,  cxlii.,  118),  gave  : 
SiO2  46-58,  A1203  27*57,  CaO  9-11,  MgO  0'08,  Na^O  3-64,  H.O  1294,  which  corresponds  very 

closely  to  the  formula  accepted  by  Rammelsberg,  j  ^Ca^Al  J^oTo  +  3aq  1  Lticlecke  also 
refers  here  the  monoclinic  mesolite  of  Credner  from  the  Pflasterkaute,  which  gave  him :  Si02 
43-83,  A1203  29-04,  CaO  7-84,  Na.O  7  80,  H20  11-75.  See  also  Scolecite,  p.  107. 

METACIXNABARITE,  App.  I.,  p.  10. — See  Onofrite,  p.  86. 


APPENDIX  in.  77 

METAXOITE  (Chonicrite)  Min.,  p.  494.— Fn&  (J.  Min.,  1876,  204,  Kenngott,  ib.,  p.  517). 
MEYMACITE.— App.  II.,  p.  38. 

MIARGYRITE,  Min.,  p.  88. — Oryst.,  Braunsdorf,  Weisbach,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  55,  1877; 
Groth,  Min.-Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  59,  1878. 

Analyses  by  L.  Sipocz  (Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  213),  1,  miargyrite  from  Felsobanya;  2, 
kenngottite  from  Felsobanya;  3,  by  Jenkins  (J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  109),  hypargyrite  from 
Andreasberg. 

S          Sb        Ag       Pb      Cu         Fe 

1.  O.  =  5-298  (|)  21-80    40-68    32-77    4-01     0'51      0'19  =    99'96. 

2.  Kenngottite,  G.  =  5-337         20'66     39*46    35-28    1'76     0'50      0'25  =    97-91. 

3.  Hypargyrite,  (f)  21-35    41 '07     37'40    As  0'79  =  100-61. 

These  correspond  to  the  accepted  formula  AgSbS2  =  Ag.S,  Sb.,S3,  and  prove  that  kenn- 
gottite and  hypargyrite  are,  as  supposed,  identical  with  miargyrite,  the  former  containing 
a  little  lead.  Weisbach  had  previously  shown  that  hypargyrite  agreed  in  form  and  physi- 
cal characters  with  miargyrite  (Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  63,  1877).  An  analysis  by  Andreasch  of 
miargyrite  from  Przibram  gave  S  21'68,  Sb  41 '15,  Ag  36'71,  Fe  tr.  =  99'54,  both  lead  and 
copper  being  absent  (Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  iv.,  185,  1881). 

See  also  Alaskaite,  p.  3. 

MICA  GROUP,  Min.,  p.  301,  et  seq. ;  App.  II.,  p.  39. — The  optical  investigations  of  Tscher- 
mak  (Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  Ixxvi.,  97,  1877;  "or  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  14),  have  shown  that  all  the  micas 
are  to  be  referred  to  the  monoclinic  system,  the  axis  of  elasticity  being  inclined  a  few 
degrees  to  the  normal  to  the  plane  of  cleavage.  The  exhaustive  morphological  study  of 
von  Kokscharof  (Mem.  Acad.  St.  Pet.,  VII.,  xxiv. ;  see  also  Min.  Russl.,  vii.,  167,  177, 
222,  225  ;  viii,'l)  finally  led  him  to  a  conclusion  not  at  variance  with  this,  although  he 
shows  that  the  angles  alone  do  not  require  the  assumption  of  any  obliquity.  The  results 
of  .Bauer  (Ber.  Ak.  Berlin,  1877,  684;  or  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  i.,  14,  1878)  confirm  those  of 
Tschermak;  he  has  also  determined  the  indices  of  refraction  of  muscovite,  by  a  method 
based  upon  relations  (established  by  Neumann)  between  the  optical  axes  of  elasticity  and 
the  distances,  measured  in  the  axial  plane,  between  the  darR  rings  of  the  interference 
figures. 

Measurements  of  elasticity,  Coromilas,  Inaug.  Diss.  Tubingen,  1877  (Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  411). 
On  the  figures  produced  by  etching,  Baumhauer,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  113,  1878.  WOk,  (Efv. 
Finsk.  Vet.  Soc.,  xxii.,  1880. 

Association  of  muscovite  and  biotite  (meroxene)  in  parallel  position,  from  Middletown, 
Conn.,  Hawes  (anal,  of  the  biotite  f :  Si03  35-61,  Al,03  20-03,  Fe2O3  0-13,  FeO  21-85,. MnO 
1-19,  MgO  5  23,  K20  9-69,  Na20  0'52,  Li20  0-93,  TiO,  1-46,  F  076,  Cltr.,  HoO  1-87  =  99  27, 
cf.  haughtonite  below),  Am.  J.  Sc.,.III.,  xi.,  431,  1876;  v.  Lasaulx,  J.  Min.,  1878,  630. 

Tschermak  (1.  c.  and  Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  Ixxviii.,  5,  1878,  or  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  122)  divides  the 
species  of  the  mica  group  as  follows  : 

i.  n. 

Biotites :  Anomite  ;  Meroxene,  Lepidomelane. 

PMogopites:  Phlogopite,  Zmnwaldite. 

(  Lepidolite. 
Muscovites:    -j  Muscovite. 

(  Paragonite. 
Margarites :       Margarite. 

In  the  first  group  (i)  are  included  all  the  micas  in  which  the  optic-axial  plane  is  perpen- 
dicular to  the  plane  of  symmetry;  the  second  group  (n)  includes  those  in  which  it  is  paral- 
lel to  the  plane  of  symmetry.  For  the  crystallographic  relations  of  the  different  species 
reference  must  be  made  to  the  original  paper.  The  chemical  relations  reached  by  Tscher- 
mak are  based  for  the  most  part  on  a  series  of  new  analyses,  very  carefully  made,  to  avoid 
errors  fallen  into  by  earlier  analysts ;  these  are  quoted  beyond. 

Tschermak,  on  optical  grounds  (see  above),  divides  biotite  into  ANOMITE  (from  drouoS, 
contrary  to  law]  and  MEROXENE  (Breithaupt's  name  for  the  Vesuvian  biotite,  see  Min.,  p. 
307).  Anomite  is  represented  by  the  mica  occurring  with  diopside  in  granular  calcite,  at 


78 


APPENDIX  III. 


Lake  Baikal,  and  that  from  Greenwood  Furnace,  N".  Y.  Its  composition,  according  to 
Tschermak's  view,  is  expressed  by  isomorphous  mixtures  of  H2K4Al(iSiB024  (see  muscovite, 
below),  and  Mgi?Si»OiS  (a  hypothetical  polymere  of  chrysolite),  in  the  relation  of  1  :  1,  or 
2:1,  or  intermediate  ratios.  Meroxene  is  represented  by  the  Vesuvian  magnesian  mica ;  com- 
position H3K3Al6Si6024,  andMgi2Si»iOi2  in  the  ratio  of  1:  1,  of  2  :  1,  or  intermediate  ratios. 
Lepidomelane  has  the  composition  H4KaAl6SiflOs4,  and  Mg12SiBOi2,  with,  however,  varying 
amounts  of  the  iron  compound  H4K2Fe6SiG024.  [In  this  group  would  belong  the  haughton- 
ite  of  Heddle,  and  siderophyllite  of  Lewis  (see  below),  varieties  characterized  by  the  re- 
placement to  large  extent,  of  Mg  by  Fe.] 

PJdogopite  has  the  composition:  K6AlfiSi002.i,  HtSiJ0024,  and  MgjoSic024,  often  in  the 
relation  8:1:4;  generally  also  with  F24Siio08  in  the  place  of  the  second  compound.  Zinn- 
waldite  has  the  composition  :  KfiAlcSi6024  (or  Li6AlGSi0024),  Fe1£Sie024,  and  F24Ot,Si10  (or 
the  corresponding  hydrogen  compound),  in  the  relation  of  10  : 2  :  3. 

The  muscovites  include  lepidolite,  muscovite,  and  paragonite.  Lepidolite  has  the  compo- 
sition: SKflAlaSieOsi  +  SiioObFs4,  with  the  first  replaced  one-half  or  more  by  the  corre- 
sponding lithium  compound,  and  the  second  by  the  corresponding  hydrogen  compound  (see 
also  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  ii.,  94,  1879).  Muscovite  (including  margarodite) :  K(!Al;SiGOo4, 
with  the  potassium  compound  replaced  in  part  by  the  corresponding  hydrogen  compound, 
HeAleSioO^;  the  commonest  formula  is  II4KoAl,iSir,024.  In  certain  muscovites,  for  which 
the  name  PHENGITE  is  proposed,  the  composition  is  explained  as  a  combination  of  H4K2A16 
Si6024,  and  H8Sii0O24,  in  the  ratio  of -3: 1 ;  these  varieties  approach  to  lepidolite.  Paragonite 
(incl.  cossaite),  composition  :  H4Na2AlfiSif,024. 

Margarite,  composition:  H4CaoAltSi4024;  related  to  the  clintonite  group,  see  p.  28. 

[For  the  many  important  details  of  the  crystallographic  relations,  and,  too,  the  discus- 
sion upon  which  the  above  conclusions  as  to  the  composition  are  based,  reference  must  be 
made  to  the  original  articles.] 

Analyses  employed  in  the  above  discussion  :  1,  by  John,  Lake  Baikal ;  2,  by  P.  v.  Hamm, 
Greenwood  Furnace,  G.  =  2-8-16;  3,  by  A.  Zellner,  Tschebarkul,  Siberia,  G.  =  3-004;  4,  by 
J;  Rumpf,  Morawitza;  5,  by  Berwerth,  Vesuvius,  G.  =  2-8(5;  6,  E.  Ludwig,  with  pargasite 
in  granular  limestone,  G.  =  2*867;  7,  by  E.  Neminar,  Penneville,  G.  =  2-779;  8,  by  A. 
Poppovits,  Ratnapura,  Ceylon,  G.  =  2 -742;  9,  by  Berwerth,  Edwards,  N".  Y. ;  10,  by 'Ber- 
werth, Zinnwald;  11,  by  Berwerth,  Paris,  Me.,  G.  =  2-855;  12,  by  Berwerth,  Rozcna, 
G.  =  2-839;  13,  by  S.  Blau,  Bengal,  G.  =  2-831 ;  14,  by  L.  Sipocz,  East  Indies,  G.  =  2'830; 
15,  by  L.  Sip6'2z,  Rothenkopf  in  the  Zillerthal,  G.  =  2'8U2;  16,  by  Lobisch,  Soboth  in  Stei- 
ermark. 


1. 

2. 
ft 

4. 
5. 
fi. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 

18. 

14. 
16. 

10. 

Anomite, 
Meroxene, 

Phlogopite, 

Zinnwaldite, 
Lepidolite, 

Muscovite, 
Phenc/Ue, 

SiOa 

4000 
40-81 
38-49 
40-16 
3930 
43-43 
44-29 
42-26 
40-64 
45-87 
50-39 
50-98 
45-57 
45-71 
45-87 
48-76 

A1203 
17-2S 
16-47 
14-43 
15-79 
10-95 
13-76 
12-12 
15-04 
14-11 
22-50 
28-19 
27-80 
36-72 
36-57 
31-86 
29-91 

Fe20 
072 
2-16 
5-54 
2-53 
0-48 
0-16 
1-40 
0-23 
2-28 
0-66 

3FeO 
4-88 
5-92 
14-75 
4-12 
7-86' 
1-35 
1-44 
1-52 
0-69 
11-61 

MnO  M<?O 
....  23-91 
....  21-08 
tr.  1634 
tr.  26-15 
0-59  21-^9 
....  27-20 
....  27^6 
....  27-23 
27-97 
1-75  

C;iO 

tr. 
0-82 

2;54  BaO 

K2O 

8-57 
9-01 
8-12 
7-64 
7-79 
8-06 
7-06 
8-68 
8'16 
10-46 
12-34 
10-78 
8-81 
9-22 
907 
6-83 

Na2O  Li,0 

1-47  

1-55  .... 
0-53  .  .  , 
0-37  .... 
0-49  .... 
1-30  .. 
2-16  .... 

H20  F 
1-37  1-57 
2-19   tr. 

0-39    tr. 
3-58  .... 
4-02  0-89 
0-92  4-21 
2-09  1-94 
2-91  2-19 
3-21  0-82 
0-91  7-94, 
2-36  5-15 
0-96  7-88, 
5-05  0-15 
4-83  0-12 
4-00  .... 
4-60  .... 

1-10 
0-42 

0-02 
0-~9 
054 

~'-31 

3-28 
5-08 
5-88 
0-19 

0-95 
1-19 
5-70 
4-24 

0-05 
1-28 
1-07 
1-69 
0-41 

....  0-38 
....  0-71 
1-56 
....  2-03 

0-21 
0-46 
0-23 

0-33 

=  99-77. 
=  99-19. 
=  99-00. 
=  100-34. 
=  101-08. 
=  100-39. 
=  100-30. 
=  100-60. 
=  101-55. 
P205  0-08  = 
=  103-51. 
P2Oa  0-05  = 
=  99-93. 
=  100-07. 
=  100-12. 
=  100-02. 


Rammelsberg  has  also  published  (VViod.  Ann.,  ix.,  113,  302,  1880;  also  vii.,  136,  1879)  a 
recent  investigation  of  the  chemical  composition  of  the  species  of  the  mica  group,  includ- 
ing a  considerable  number  of  new  analyses.  He  concludes  that  the  micas  are  in  part  uni- 
silicates,  in  part  compounds  of  unisilicates  and  bisilicates ;  he  also  assumes  the  isomorphism 

between  these,  as  well  as  between  similar  silicates  of  metals  of  the  R,  R,  [R2]  series  respect- 
ively.    He  adopts  a  chemical  classification,  as  follows  : 

1.  ALKALI  micas  :  A.  Sodium  mica  (paragonite)  formula  R2[Al2]Si2O8  (unisilicateX  B. 
Potassium  mica  (muscovite),  including  (1)  unisilicates,  R.2[Al2]Si208,  with  sometimes  (Mg,Fe) 
Si04;  (2)  compounds  of  unisilicates  and  Hsilicates  in  the  ratio  of  1  :  3,  thus  R10R[R2]5 

Sii2045  (anal.  1,  2,  3),  or  in  the  ratio  of  1  :  1,  thus :  R«Si2O7  =  R2Si03  -v  R4Si04,  or  more 


APPENDIX   HI 


79 


specially  in  part,  Ri4Ro[R2]6Sii8Ofi3.  C.  Lithium  mica  (lepidolite,  anal.  4,  5,  6a,  6b)  :  com- 
pounds of  unisilicates  and  bisilicates  in  the  ratio  of  1:3,  thus  :  R1()Si4O,3  =  8R2Si03  +  lv( 
Si04;  or  more  specially  Rio[Re]»Sit«Ooa  (Rozena  and  Paris),  and  Rujl&sjeSiaoOag  (Juschak- 
owa). 

2.  The  MAGNESIUM  mica  (biotite  pt.,  anal.  7,  8,  9)  is  a  compound  of  bisilicates  and  unisili- 
cates in  the  ratio  of  1: 3,  thus  :  R14R35[Ro]7Si360135. 

3.  The  IRON-MAGNESIUM  mica  (biotite  pt.)  and  IRON  mica  (lepidomelane),  includes  five 
series,   having  the  following  formulas:  (1)  R.rR4[R»]Si,Oin  —  R4SiO4  +  41^SiO,  +  [Ro].-, 
Sia012  (anal.  10,  11).     (2)  B4B«[Ra]=SiTOa8  =  R,SiO4  +  3R,Si04  -f-  [R,.],Si30J2~(anal.  12,  18, 
14,   15).     (3)  R,R,[R2]Si3012  =  R4Si04  +  2R,Si04  +  [R">Si30,2  (anal.  1C,  17).     (4)  R,R3 
[R2]  Si5020  =  R4Si04  +  3R2Si04  +  2[R,];Si3012  (anal.  18,  19).      (5)  RnR3[R2]iSia03a  = 
3R4SiO,  +  2R2Si04  +  4[R2]2Si3Oi2.     To  this  group  are  appended  several  which  do  not 
admit  of  being  classified. 

4.  The  LITHIUM-IRON  mica  of  Zinnwald  (zinnwaldite,  anal.  20)  is  regarded  as  a  compound 
of  bisilicate  and  unisilicate  in  the  ratio  of  2  : 1,  thus  :  RsSLOu  =  2R?Si03  +  R4Si04; 
more  specially  RioR4[Ra]aSi180«»,  or  R12R4[R2]0Si,i07o,  according  to  the  ratio  of  the  differ- 
ent elements. 

5.  The  BARIUM  mica  (cellacherite,  anal.  21)  is  a  unisilicate,  with  the  special  formula: 
R8R2  [R2]4Si9030=  2R4Si04  +  R2SiO4  +  2[R2],Si3O12. 

Analyses  by  Rammelsberg  (see  also  Ber.  Ak.  Berlin,  1878,  616;  1879,  248,  833;  ZS.  G. 
Ges.,  xxxi.,  676,  1879) : 


1. 

So.  Royalston,  Mass.  45'97 

A1203  Fc203  Mn2O3  FeO  MnO  MgO  K2O  Na2O  L12O  H20«  F 
30-40      5-11     1-05  2-03    9*9?  0*59    ..     4-.M)  074 

=  100-31. 

2. 

Yrtcrby 

45-21 

33-40 

2-78 

....     2-00 

1-58 

10-71  0-42 

...  4-28  0-94 

=  101-32. 

& 

Broddbo 

47-13 

80-60 

4-81 

....     0-61 

1-30 

10-26  0-74 

....  4-78  0-64 

=  100-87. 

4. 

Rozena 

51-32 

20-00 

l-30t    . 

9'98  0'96 

3'87  0-57  7-18 

=  101-18. 

5. 

Paris 

28-43$ 

10'S9  0'79 

4'09  0'22  5"  19 

=  102*22. 

6s 

L.  Juschakowa      (I) 

50-26 

21-47 

5'36t 

11-CS  0-5} 

4-.88  0-66  8'71, 

Cl  1-16  — 

104-12. 

6b. 

50-96 

22-20 

5-38    .... 

11  •:;'.)  ii-:;-.' 

5-65  ....  8-58 

=  104-48. 

7. 

Rossic,  X.Y. 

43-17 

13-43 

rsi 

27'47 

8'?3  0'92 

0"40  5"11 

—  101  -04. 

ft 

(fouvcrneur,  N.  Y. 

43-00 

13-27 

1-71 

27-70 

10-32  0-30 

.'.'.'.'  0-3S  .r)-C,7 

=  102  &5.' 

9. 

Pargtis 

42-55 

12-74 

1  31 

.'.'.'.     0-49 

27-62 

8-92  1-18 

....   1-50  4-59 

=  100-90. 

10. 

Monzoni 

41-70 

16-86 

2-23 

.     1-88 

0-86 

24-70 

8-93  0-28 

....   1-14  0-53 

=     99-11. 

11. 

Arendnl 

38-89 

14-53 

4-58 

....     7-85 

1-06 

20-28 

10-08  0-40 

....  0-94  1-49 

=  100-10. 

12 

Minsk 

32-49 

12-34 

8-W 

....  23-60 

1-53 

5-29 

9-59  0-R8 

....  3-73  1-61, 

TiO2  4-03  = 

:  101-65. 

13.' 

Filipstad 

38-20 

15-45 

8-63 

....     8-69 

0'90 

18'08§ 

9-17  0-18 

.  ...  294  1-15 

=  103-39. 

14. 

Sterzing 

3982 

19-25 

2  92 

....     4-62 

1-11 

21-41 

8-33  0  66 

1-87   tr. 

=     99-69. 

15. 

Persberg 

37-77 

15*96 

6-es 

....  14-43 

12-26 

8  -.M  0  27 

.  .  .  .  2-67  0-44, 

TiO22-12  = 

:  100-78. 

16, 

HitterO 

39-01 

15-44 

9-37 

....   13-67 

11-30 

8-62  0  14 

....  3-05  1-29 

=  101-S9. 

17. 

Renchthal 

37-79 

18-79 

6-48 

....   15-28 

9-72 

8  93  1  92 

....  2-33    tr. 

=  101-12. 

18. 

Brovijj 

32-97 

11-88 

16-48 

..  20-72 

3-64 

1-08 

8-03  0-30 

..  335  1  29, 

TiO2  2-42  = 

;  102-16. 

19. 

St.  Dennis 

37-93 

84-80 

7-85 

....  1487 

0-28 

8-64  0  40 

....  1544-23 

=  100-63. 

20. 

Zinnwald 

46-44 

21-84 

1-27 

..  10-19 

1-57 

0-18 

10-58  0-54 

3-36  1-04  7-62 

=   104-R3. 

21. 

Sterzig 

42-90 

3240 

tr. 

2-40 

3-10 

7-47  1-73 

.  .  .  .  3-02,  BaO  5-82,  UaO 

0-80  = 

*  Hygroscopic  water  here  included  :  in  anal.  (1)  0'50  ;  in  (2)  0'&3  ;  in  (3)  0  7C>;  in  (9)  0'32:  in  (12)  1'31-  in 
(14)  0-18  ;  in  (16)  0-12.  t  With  MgO  included.  ±  With  tr.  Mn«O3  included.  §  With  1  5  CaO  included  II  With 
1-41  BaO  included. 

HAUGHTONITE  of  Ileddle  (Min.  Mag.,  in.,  72,  1879)  is  a  variety  of  biotite,  in  which  the 
magnesium  is  largely  replaced  by  iron.  G.  =  2-96-3-13.  Fuses  with  difficulty  to  a  black 
magnetic  globule.  Color  dark  brown  to  jet  black.  Small  axial  angle.  Occurs  mostly  in 
granitic  and  gneissoid  rocks,  also  in  diorite,  at  various  Scottish  localities,  as  below.  Analy- 


ses by  Heddle  :  1,  from  hornblendic  gneiss  of  Roneval;  2,  from  the  hill  of   Capval;   3, 
Nishibost  ;  4,  from   the  shore  of   Loch-na-Muilne  ;  5,  Fionaven  in  Sutherland  ;   6,   Ben 
;    7,  Rispond  ;   8,  Clach-an-Eoin  ;  9,  Kinnaird's  Head,   Aberdeenshire  ;    10,    Cove 
berdeen;  11.  Lairg,  in  Sutherland;  12,  Portsoy  in  Banff  shire. 


Stack 

near  Aberdeen 


1.  O.'3-03 

SiO2 
37-16 

A1203 
15-00 

2.  G.  3-07 

36-81 

35-22 

3.  G.  3-05 

35-15 

16-70 

4. 

36-46 

17-25 

5.  G.  3  03 

36-7.) 

7-86 

6.  G.  3-05 

2569 

20-09 

7.  G.  2-99 

36-54 

22-28 

8.  G.  2-96 

35-85 

21-54 

9.  G.  3-13 

35-67 

17-95 

10. 

35-47 

18-80 

11. 

35-56 

16-69 

18.  G.  3-07 

34-08 

17-34 

BY.jOg 

FeO 

MnO 

CaO 

MgO 

Na  O 

K20 

H20 

7  '69 

1735 

1-04 

1-30 

8-88 

1*60 

8-18 

212 

_ 

100-17. 

7-61 

17-35 

0-96 

1-54 

8-78 

1  34 

831 

2-47 

_ 

lOn-40. 

5-96 

19-06 

1-02 

0-82 

7-46 

1-26 

924 

313 

_ 

99-81. 

4-18 

15-33 

054 

OT.9 

1223 

0-66 

9-20 

339 

_. 

99-92. 

2-78 

15  18 

042 

0-93 

11-17 

1-25 

944 

4-23 

-_- 

99-99. 

2-23 

14-01 

i-oo 

1-89 

14-77 

053 

7-38 

2-47 

_ 

100-86. 

2-43 

16-01 

0-78 

1-25 

10-00 

0-79 

8-26 

1-51 

_ 

9986. 

4-48 

18-31 

0-31 

1-25 

8-08 

0-79 

7-76 

1'96 

__ 

100-33. 

7-19 

18-06 

2-00 

1-40 

1-50 

3-81 

9-27 

3-20 

_ 

100  05. 

4-61 

19-19 

0-64 

0-90 

7-01 

0-24 

8-19 

4-97 

= 

100-02. 

1-88 

18-04 

0-69 

2-72 

8-47 

0-11 

9-90 

5-71 

_ 

99-77. 

3'61 

1870 

0-38 

323 

10-54 

1-19 

6-78 

4-05 

— 

99-90. 

80  APPENDIX  ra. 

Other  analyses  by  Heddle  are  given  in  Min.  Mag. ,  iv. ,  221  et  seq. ,  1881  ;  and  the  same 
variety  has  been  repeatedly  analyzed  previously  (see  above). 

A  mica  closely  related  to  the  above  (a  biotite  containing  only  Fe)  has  been  called  SIDERO- 
PHYLLITE  by  //.  C.  Lewis  (Proc.  Ac.  Nat,  Sc.  Philad.,  1880,  254).  H.  =  3'2.  G.  =  3-1. 
Color  black  ;  by  transmitted  light  chrome  green.  Brittle.  Axial  angle  about  10°.  An 
analysis  gave  (f) :  SiO,  36-68,  AL03  20-41,  Fe,03  1-55,  FeO  25-50,  MnO  2-10,  MgO  114, 
CaO>81,  Na*O  1-00,  Li,0  0'37,  K20  9  20,  H20  1-01  =  99  86.  This  corresponds  to  R3[R2] 
SisOi2.  Fuses  with  intumescence  at  2*5  to  a  black  glass.  Soluble  in  HC1  and  HoS04  with 
separation  of  silica.  From  near  Pike's  Peak,  Colorado. 

EUCHLORITE  of  C.  U.  SJieparcl  is  shown  by  Pisani  (C.  R.,  Ixxxiii.,  167,  1876)  to  be  ordi- 
nary biotite.  From  Chester,  Mass.  H.  —  2-5.  G.  =  2-84.  Color  dark  green.  Lustre 
on  tho  cleavage  face  pearly.  Axis  negative.  B.  B.  fusible  with  difficulty  to  a  black 
enamel.  Slowly  soluble  in  concentrated  HC1.  An  analysis  gave  Pisani:  Si02  e>9-55,  A1203 
15-95,  Fe203  7 -80,  MgO  32-25,  K20,Na2O  10-35,  ign.  4-10  =  100. 

MICARELL.  Wichmann  (ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxvi.,  701,  1874)  uses  this  name  (of  Freiesleben) 
to  designate  the  original  mineral  from  which  the  so-called  pinite  from  Stolpen,  near 
Neustadt,  has  been  derived.  It  is  regarded  as  certain  that  it  is  not  iolite  nor  tourmaline, 
but  its  true  nature  is  doubtful. 

Microcline.  Des  Cloizeaux  (Ann.  Ch.  Phys.,  V.,  ix.,  433,  1876)  uses  Breithaupt's  name 
(see  Min.,  p.  355)  to  designate  a  new  feldspar  species  established  by  him:  a  triclinic  potash 
feldspar. 

Triclinic  and  near  orthoclase  in  form,  and  in  habit,  twinning,  etc.,  but  0  A  i-%  =  90°  16'. 
Extinction  direction  makes  an  angle  of  15°  to  16°  (orthoclase  =  0°),  with  the  edge  0  /  i-4. 
•Poly synthetic  twinning,  giving  rise  to  striations  on  0,  sometimes  observed.  A  basal  section 
shows  in  polarized  light  a  characteristic  grating-like  structure,  due  to  the  regular  inter- 
growth  of  twin  lamella? ;  in  these,  orthoclase  is  often  enclosed  ;  irregular  lines  and  bands 
of  albite  also  often  observed. 

Composition  K2  [Al2]Si0OiC,  or  that  of  orthoclase;  an  analysis  of  pure  white  microcline 
from  Magnet  Cove,  Arkansas,  gave  Pisani:  SiOa  64'30,  A1203 19'70,  Fe,03  0-74,  K20  15-60, 
Na2O  0-48,  ign.  0-35  =  101-17.  G.  =  2'54. 

A  large  part  of  the  potash  feldspar,  previously  called  orthoclase,  is  in  fact  microcline. 
Here  belong  the  cJiesterlite  from  Chester,  Penn.,  the  beautiful  amazonstone  of  Pike's 
Peak,  Colorado  (the  color  due  to  an  organic  salt  of  iron,  according  to  Konig,  Proc.  Ac. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1876,  156),  as  also  that  of  other  localities;  also  feldspar  from  Mineral 
Hill,  Penn.,  Leverett  (not  Everett),  Mass.,  and  many  foreign  localities.  It  is  obtained  in 
large  quantities  at  Branch ville,  Conn.,  some  single  cleavage  surfaces  having  a  length  of  10 
feet ;  also  observed  at  the  same  locality  pseudomorph  after  spodumene.  The  perthite  of 
Canada  is  in  part  microcline  (J.  Min.,  1879,  389). 

MICROLITE,  Min.,  p.  513;  App.  II.,  p.  39.— Described  by  NordensUold  (Geol.  For.  Forh., 
iii.,  282,  1877).  In  small  brilliant  isometric  octahedrons  with  dodecahedral  planes.  Color 
light  grayish  yellow  to  blackish  brown.  Translucent  to  semi-translucent.  H.  =  5 '5-6. 
G.  =5-25.  An  approximate  analysis  gave:  Ta20B,Cb206  77 -3,  Sn02  0-8,  CaO  11-7,  MnO 
(FeO  tr.)  7-7,  MgO  1-8  =  99'3.  Formula  (Ca,Mn,Mg),Ta207,  which  requires:  Ta,0r,  78'82, 
MnO  7-69,  CaO  11'69,  MgO  1-80  =  100.  B.  B.  infusible.  Occurs  with  red  and  green 
tourmaline,  petalite,  spodumene,  etc.,  in  pegmatite,  at  Uto,  Sweden. 

Occurs  at  Bra.nchville,  Conn.,  Brush  and  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xvi.,  34,  1878. 

Described  by  F.  P.  Dunninqton  (Am.  .Chem.  Journ.,  iii.,  130,  1881)  as  occurring 
at  the  mica  mines  in  Amelia  Co.,  Virginia.  In  single  crystals  from  ^  in.  to  f  in., 
with  0,  i,  and  3-3;  also  in  large  (up  to  4  Ibs.)  imperfect  crystals.  H.  =6.  G.  =  5 '606. 
Lustre  glistening  resinous.  Color  wax  yellow  to  brown.  Streak  pale  ochreous  yellow. 
Subtranslucent.  Fracture  conchoidal.  Brittle,  An  analysis  gave :  Ta^O.,  68^  UbaOe 
7-74,  W03  0-30,  SnOa  1-05,  CaO  11-80,  MgO  1-01,  BeO  0-34,  U80,  1-59.  YaO,  0-28,  Ca2O3 
(DiaO,)  0-17,  A103  0-13,  Fe2O,  0-29,  Na;O  2-80,  K,0  0-29,  F  2-85,  11,01-17  =  100-25, 
deduct  0  replaced  by  F  1  "20  =  99-05.  The  probable  formula  deduced  is  3(CaaTa30,)  + 
CbOF3.  In  the  closed  tube  decrepitates  and  gives  off  water.  B.  B.  infusible,  glows  mo- 
mentarily, colors  the  flame  reddish  yellow,  and  on  cooling  is  dull  pale  yellow.  JNot 
attacked  by  strong  HC1,  slowly  decomposed  by  H2SOt  and  by  fusion  with  Caustic  potash; 
readily  decomposed  by  fusion  with  acid  potassium  sulphate.  Associated  with  the  true  mi- 
crolite  is  monazite  in'large  masses  (up  to  8  Ibs.).  It  was  at  first  called  altered  microlite 
'(priv.  contrib.,  W.  M.  Fontaine). 


APPENDIX   III.  81 

A  mineral  related  to  microlite,  from  Haddam,  Conn.,  is  called  HADDAMITE  by  C.  U. 
Sliepard  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  II.,  1.,  93,  1870;  Min.  Contr.,  1877).  What  its  true  character  is,  if  it 
be  a  distinct  species,  has  not  been  determined. 

MICROLITES. — App.  II.,  p.  39. 

MICROSOMMITE,  App.  II. ,  p.  39. — Analyses  1,  2  by  Scacchi  (Rend.  Accad.  Sc.  Napoli, 
April,  1870)  ;  3,  4  by  Rauff  (Z.  Kryst,  ii.,  468,  1878).  1,  large  crystals,  Monte  Somma, 
2,  microscopic  crystals  from  bombs 'thrown  out  in  April,  1872;  3,  4,  crystals  from  Mt. 
Somma;  3,  colorless  ;  4,  yellow. 

SiO2  A12O3  CaO  Xa2O  KoO  Cl  SO3  COa 

1.  (|)  3-2-21  29-22  12T>0  10'14  679  6'71  4'43  ....           =  102'15,  deduct  O  replaced  by  Cl  T51  =  100'59. 

2.  (I)  31-43  30-34  10'93  9'37  7'90  7'82  5'26  ....           =  103'04,  deduct  O  1  "76  =  101-28. 
8.  (|)82*21  28-37  10'59  11-30  7'14  7'09  3'86  1'55  S  tr.  =  102'11,  deduct  O  1'60  =  100'51. 
4.         32-23  28-98*  10'36  ll'Ol  7'11  6'25  4'11  1-26  S  tr.  =  102-01,  deduct  O  1  '56  =  100'45. 

*  (Fe208  tr.) 

The  crystals  examined  by  Rauff  were  large  as  compared  with  tho  original  mineral. 
Scacchi  describes  prismatic  crystals  with  J,  t-2,  *-:|,  1,  0;  c  (vert.)  =  0-41834;  1  A  1  (adj)  = 
124°  53 J',  1  A  /=  115°  47';  the  form  corresponds  very  closely  to  that  of  nephelite 
(c  (vert.)  =  "8390  —  2c  (vert.)  microsommite,  Min.,  p.  327).  Cleavage  I  perfect,  0  less 
distinct  (as  in  nephelite).  H.  —  6.  G.  =  2-444  (Rauff),  2-42-2-53  (Scacchi).  Lustre  / 
brilliant  silky.  The  formula  calculated  by  Rauff  is  2  [(CaS04)  +  3CaAl,Si2O  J  +  [4NaCl  + 
3Na,AloSi,0,]  +  [4NaCl  +  SKoAlsSijO*],  he  also  makes  the  rather  improbable  assumption 
that  a  portion  of  the  Si  is  replaced  by  C  (Si  :  C  =  20  :  1),  the  formula  then  requires:  Si02 
32-68,  CO2  1-20,  A1203  29*33,  CaO  10-67,  Na2O  10-34,  K20  6-72,  S03  3-81,  Cl  6'77  = 
101-52,  deduct  0  1-52  —  100.  Rauff  also  shows  that  the  mineral  from  Mt.  Somma  called 
davyne  is  in  part  an  altered  microsommite.  See  also  Cnncrinite,  p.  20. 

Microschorlite,  Microvermiculite. — See  Kaolimte,  p.  65. 

MILARITE,  App.  I.,  p.  10;  II.,  p.  39. — Crystals  shown  by  Des  Cloizeaux  (J.  Min.,  1878, 
42,  370),  and  also  by  T*"7tfrmak  (Min.  Mit'th.,  1877,  350),  and  Bertrand  (Bull.  Soc.  Min., 
iv.,  10,  1881),  to  be  orthorhombic,  the  pseudo-hexagonal  form  being  due  to  twinning  similar 
to  that  of  aragonite,  vritherite,  etc.  An  analysis  by  Ludwig  (Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  34t>),  gave: 

Si02        A120S         CaO      MgO      K,0      Na.O     H,0 
(f)        71-81        10-67        11-65        tr.        4-86        tr.        1-36  =  100-35. 

The  formula  given  by  Ludwig  is  IIKCa»ALSi,.>O3o,  which  requires  :  Si02  72'66,  A1203 
10-39,  CaO  11-30,  K20  4-74,  H20  0'91  =  100. 

Kuscliel  (J.  Min.,  1877,  926),  repeats  the  statement  of  Frenzel  (J.  Min.,  1873,  797;  App. 
II.,  p.  39),  that  the  mineral  is  found  in  Val  Giuf,  not  Val  Milar,  and  adds  that  it  ought 
on  this  account  to  be  called  giufite. 

MILLERITE,  Min.,  p.  56;  App.  II.,  p.  40. — Found  at  Micheroux,  Belgium,  Firket,  Bull. 
Soc.  Geol.  Belg.,  v.,  120,  1878;  vi.,  132,  1879. 

MIMETITE.— Min.,  p.  537;  App.  II.,  p.  40.— Etching  experiments  by  Baumhauer  show 
mimetite  to  be  pyramidal-hemihedral  like  apatite  (J.  Min.,  1876,  411). 

Bertrand  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  36,  1881),  has  made  the  interesting  observation  that 
crystals  of  pure  lead  arsenate  are  biaxial  (2E=  64°)  and  that  as  the  percentage  of  P205  in- 
creases, this  angle  diminishes,  and  the  pure  lead  phosphate  is  uniaxial.  Jannettaz  has 
obtained  similar  results  (ib  ,  p.  39),  and  Jannettaz  and  Michel  (ib.,  p.  196\  have  accom- 
panied a  more  detailed  optical  study  by  a  series  of  analyses  which  add  much  to  the  com- 
pleteness of  the  investigation. 

Anal.,  Langban,  Sweden,  by  Kiutaro  Iwaya,  quoted  by  Lindgren,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  v., 
272,  1880. .  Mina  Grande,  Marqueza,  Chili,  Domcyko,  6th  App.,  Min.  Chili,  p.  16,  1878. 

Occurrence  with  vanadinite  in  Arizona,  Silliman,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxii.,  202,  1881;  W. 
P.  Blake,  Min.  Sc.  Press,  Aug.,  13,  1881. 

See  also  ffedyphane,  p.  56. 
6 


82  APPENDIX  III. 

MIRABILITE,  Min.,  p.  636.— Cry st.,  Aussee,  Upper  Austria,  v.  Zepharomch,  Lotos,  1877. 
Anal.,  Province  of  Tarapaca,  Peru,  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou,  p,  288,  1878.    Sicily,  Paterno, 
Accad.  Line.  Trans.,  III.,  iv.,  22,  1879. 

MlRIQUIDITE. — App.  II.,  p.  40. 

Mixite.     Schrauf,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  277,  1879. 

Crystalline  to  crypto-crystalline.  As  an  incrustation  on  bismuth  ochre,  also  in  irregular 
particles,  granular  and  rough  or  spherical,  reniform,  with  partial  concentric  fibrous  struct- 
ure. The  fibres  are  occasionally  distinct  six-sided  prisms  (125°),  regarded  as  probably 
monoclinic  or  triclinic  (extinction  6°-9°  with  prismatic  edge).  H.  =  3-4.  G.  =  2-66. 
Color  emerald  to  bluish  green ;  streak  somewhat  lighter.  Translucent  to  transparent  (fine 
fibres).  Analysis : 

As206,(P206)        Bi203        CuO        H20        FeO        CaO 


(I)         30-45  13-07        43-21       11-07       1'52         0-83  =  100-15. 

The  formula  calculated  is  Cun0BioAs10H4407o';  this  requires:  As.05  31*93,  Bi,03  12-99, 
CuO  44-08,  H20  11-00  =  100.  In  dilute  nitric  acid  the  mineral  is  instantly  covered  with 
a  layer  of  a  brilliant  white  powder  of  bismuth  arsenate,  insoluble  in  the  acid;  the  copper 
arsenate  goes  into  solution.  On  ignition  becomes  blackish  green.  Occurs  with  bismuth 
ochre,  bismutite,  and  torbernite'in  the  Geistergang  at  Joachimsthal.  Named  in  honor 
of  Bergrath  A.  Mixa. 

MOLYSITE,  Min.,  p.  118. — Vesuvius,  Scacchi,  Att.  Accad.  Napoli,  vi.,  1873  (Contrib. 
Min.,  ii.,  43). 

MOLYBDENITE,  Min.,  p.  32. — Biellese,  Italy,  Gossa,  Accad.  Line.  Trans.,  lll.,i.,  206,  1877. 
Groth  suggests  that  the  species  may  be  orthorhombic,  Min.-Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  23, 
1878. 

MONAZITE,  Min.,  p.  539;  App.  II.,  p.  40. — Cryst..  Tavctsch,  Switzerland  (turnerite),  vom 
Hath,  J.  Min.,  1876,  393.  Binnenthal  (turnerite),  also  optical  investigation,  Trechmann, 
J.  Min.,  1876,  593.  Von  Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  vi.,  887.  Ilmen  Mts.,  von  Jeremejef, 
Verh.  Min.  Ges.  St.  Pet.,  II.,  xii.,  287.  Seligmann,  Corr.  Bl.  Nat.  Ver.  Bonn,  xxxvii.,  131, 
1880.  Optical  examination,  Des  Cloizeaux,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  57,  1P81. 

Analysis,  Arendal,  G.  =  5-174  :  P.05  29-92,  Ce,03  28'82,  La,O3  +  Di203  40'79  =  99-53, 
formula:  [R2]P20*,  with  [R2]  =  Ce2:(La,Di2)  =  2:3;  this  requires:  P,05  30'28,  Ce,03  27'72, 
La203,  Di203  42-00  =  100  ;  contains  no  thorium  nor  zirconium,  Rammelsberg,  ZS.  G.  Ges., 
xxix.,  79,  1877.  Analysis  of  turnerite  (on  -013  gr.):  P205  28'4,  Ce.203  (La203,  Di203)  68'0 
=  96-4,  Pisani,  C.  R.,  Ixxxiv.,  462,  1877. 

Absorption  bands  (Ce,  La,  Di)  in  spectrum  (turnerite),  Cossa,  Accad.  Line.  Mem.,  III., 
30, 1878. 

Occurrence  with  zircon  in  gold  sands  of  Ivalo,  Finnish  Lapmark,  Nordenskiold,  Geol. 
For.  Forh.,  ii.,  223, 1874.  Occurrence  in  brilliant  highly  modified  crystals,  at  Milholland's 
mill,  Alexander  Co.,  N.  C.,  also  at  other  localities  in" North  Carolina,  Hidden,  Am.  J.  Sc., 
III.,  xxii.,  21,  1881.  From  the  pegmatite  vein  at  Annerod,  near  Moss,  Norway,  W.  C. 
Brogger,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  v.,  350.  1881.  From  Nil- St. -Vincent,  Renard,  Bull.  Soc.  Geol. 
Belg.,  III.,  ii.,  128,  1881.  See  MicroUte,  p.  80. 

MONIMOLITE,  p.  546;  App.  II.,  p.  40. — Occurs  at  Langban,  Wermland,  Sweden,  Norden^ 
skiold,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iii.,  379,  1877. 

MONTEBRASITE. — See  Amblygonite,  p.  5. 
MONTICELLITE. — Min.,  p.  255;  App.  II.,  p.  40. 

MONTMORILLONITE,  Min.,  p.  459.— Anal.,  Macskamezo,  near  Podu  ruoj,  Transylvania, 
Helmhackcr,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  ii.,  251,  1879.  Great  Retallack  mine,  Cornwall,  Collins, 


APPENDIX   III.  83 

Min.  Mag.,  ii.,  92,  1878.     Branchville,  Conn.,    anal,  by  II.  L.  Wells,  described  by  Brush 
and  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xx.,  283,  1880. 

MONZONITE. — App.  I.,  p.  11. 

MORDENITE,  Min.,  p.  446. — A  partially  altered  mordenite  is  called  STEELEITE,  How  (Min. 
Mag.,  ii.,  134,  Sept.,  1878).  Found  as  red  or  reddish  pink,  or  chalk- white,  balls,  varying 
in  size  from  one  to  two  and  a  half  inches  in  diameter,  imbedded  in  a  red  clay  in  cavities  in 
trap.  Also  m  other  forms,  closely  associated  with  stilbite.  In  part  soft  and  chalk-like; 
in  part  hard  and  unaltered.  Gelatinizes  with  acids.  Locality  Cape  Split,  13  miles  west  of 
Cape  Blomidon,  N.  S. 

MOSANDRITE,  Min.,  p.  2D5. — Shown  to  be  in  fact  monoclinic,  Brogger,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii., 
275,  1878. 

Mottramite.     II.  E.  Rosroe,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.,  xxv.,  Ill,  1876. 

In  thin  crystalline  incrustations,  occasionally  in  distinct,  minute  crystals,  also  compact. 
H.  =3.  G.  =  5'894.  Lustre  resinous.  Color  velvety  black ;  in  thin  sections  yellow. 
Streak  yellow.  Translucent.  Analyses,  Roscoe  (1.  c.):  1 ;  2,  after  deducting  impurities  : 

Y205     PbO      CuO   FeO,  ZnO,  MnO  MgO    CaO    11,0 

— >—•  [1-06  =  97-03. 

1.  (§)    1714    50-97    19-10  2'52  0'26    2'13    3 "63,  hygroscopic  water  022,  Si02 

2.  18-87    56-12    21-02  3'99=*lUO. 

The  formula  suggested  is  (Pb,Cu\,V.,08  +  2(Cu,Pb)  II.O,,  which  requires:  V-,0,  18'74, 
PbO  57-18,  CuO  20-3!),  IIaO  3'6.)  =  100.  The  composition  is  thus  analogous  to  dihydrite  and 
crinite  [but  doubtful,  owing  to  the  imperfect  analysis;  note  the  loss  of  3  p.  c.].  Occurs  on 
the  Keuper  Sandstone,  at  Alderley  Edge,  and  at  Mottrani  St.  Andrews,  Cheshire,  England. 

Muckite.     J.  von  Schrockinger,  Verh.  G.  Reichs.,  1878,  387. 

A  resin  from  the  coal  beds  at  Neudcrf,  Moravia,  disseminated  in  minute  particles  and 


in  ether,  40  p.  c.,  both  leaving  a  yellowish-brown   residue.     Other  similar  experiments 
prove  that  the  substance  is  a  mechanical  mixture  of  different  resins. 


MUSCOVITE. — See  Mica  Group,  p.  77. 

MYSORIN,  Min.,  p.  715.— From  the  Nellore  district,  India.  Examined  by  F.  R.  Mallet, 
and  shown  to  be  essentially  an  impure  malachite,  with  9-02  EUO;  it  contained  as  impuri- 
ties, calcite,  chrysocolla,  barite,  chalcocite,  iron  sesquioxide,  llec.  Geol.  Surv.  India,  xii., 
166,  1879. 

NADORITE. — App.  I.,  p.  11. 
X.ESUMITE. — App.  I.,  p.  11. 

XAGYAGITE,  Min.,  p.  82.—Schrauf(Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  239,  1878)  shows  that  the  crystalline 
svstem  is  not  tetragonal,  but  either  orthprhombic  or  perhaps  still  lower  in  symmetry. 
Fletcher  observes  the  development  of  the  planes  to  be  in  accordance  with  orthorhombic 
symmetry  (Phil.  Mag.,  V.,  ix.,  188,  1880). 

NAMAQUALITE. — App.  I.,  p.  11. 
NANTOKITE.— App.  I.,  p.  11  ;  II.,  p.  40. 


84:  APPENDIX  III. 

NATROLITE,  Min.,  p.  426  ;  App.  II.,  p.  41. — Oryst.,  Salesel,  Bohemia,  Seligmann,  Z. 
Kryst.,  i.,  338,  1877.  Auvergne,  Liidecke,  Z  gesammt.  Nat.,  III.,  iv.,  145,  1879.  Aro, 
Norway,  Brdgger,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  478,  487,  1879. 

According  to  Ludecke  (J.  Min.,  1881,  ii.,  7),  the  natrolite  from  Aussig  and  Salesel  must, 
on  optical  grounds,  be  referred  to  the  monoclinic  system.  See  Liidecke's  memoir  also,  on 
the  relation  of  natrolite  to  scolecite  and  mesolite. 

Pyro-electrical  characters,  Hankel,  Wied.  Ann.,  vi.,  55,  1879. 

Analyses,  Kuchelbad,  near  Prague,  Preis  and  Vrba,  Ber.  Ges.  Bohm.,  1879,  469. 

NATRON,  Min.,  p.  705. — Analyses  of  related  salts  quoted  by  BracTcebusch,  Min.  Argen- 
tina, p.  70,  1879. 

NEFIEDIEFFITE. — App.  II.,  p.  41. 
Neochrysolite.— See  Chrysolite,  p.  27. 

Neociano— NEOCYANITE.     Scacchi,  Rend.  Accad.  Napoli,  Jan.,  1881. 

In  extremely  minute  tabular  monoclinic  crystals.  Color  blue.  Supposed  to  be  an 
anhydrous  copper  silicate.  B.  B.  fuses  to  a  black  glass.  Easily  decomposed  by  acids,  with 
the  separation  of  pulverulent  silica.  From  fumaroles  at  Vesuvius,  formed  by  sublima- 
tion, together  with  three  other  substances.  One  of  these  forms  a  white  granular  mass, 
G.  =  2'287,  probably  silica.  A  second  is  a  white  asbestos-like  material,  containing  lime ; 
difficultly  fusible,  and  decomposed  only  in  boiling  acid.  The  other  forms  yellowish-brown 
crystals  in  six-sided  rhombic  plates;  insoluble  in  acid.  [Needs  further  examination.] 

NEPHELITE,  Min.,  p.  327;  App.  II.,  p.  41.— Cryst.  (0  A  1  =  136°  9'  20"),  Albani  Mts., 
near  Rome,  Sella,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  ^40,  1877.  Island  of  Laaven,  Langesundfiord,  Norway, 
(elmolite  in  elseolite-syenite,  0  A  1  =  136°),  Klein,  J.  Min.,  1879,  534. 

Made  artificially,  Jtaqufand  Levy,  C.  R.,  Ixxxvii.,  D61,  1878. 

Alteration  products  in  ncphelite  rocks,  v.  Eckenbrecher,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  iii.,  1,  1880. 

Analyses,  Ditro,  Transylvania  (elocolite),  A.  Koch,  Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  335.  Vesuvius, 
G.  =  2 -600-2 -609,  Rammelsberg,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxix.,  78,  1877.  Vesuvius,  Rauff,  Z.  Kryst., 
ii.,  445  et  seq.,  1878.  In  foyaite  of  the  Sierra  de  Monchique,  Southern  Portugal,  Sclieib- 
ner,  Q.  J.  G.  Soc.,  1879,  46,  quoted  by  van  Wervecke,  J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  143.  Ditro,  Tran- 
sylvania (ela3olite),  A.  Koch  (anal,  by  Franz  Koch),  J.  Min.,  Beil.-Bd.,  i.,  143,  1880. 

The  chemical  composition  of  nephelite  is  discussed  by  Rammelsberg  (1.  c.)  and  Rauff 

(1.  c).     The  former  deduces  the  formula  :  R6[Al2],Si,026  =  5  (Na£[Al2]Si20H)  +  K2Al2Si4 

0,a ;  the  latter  obtains  :  R,[Al2]4Si;)034  =  7R2[A12  !Si.208  +  R,[Al2]Sit012.  Rauff  seems  to 
prove,  contrary  to  Rammelsberg,  that  the  pure  mmeral  contains  some  CaO  (1 '32-1 '76  p.c.), 
and  perhaps  also  a  little  basic  water  (0-12-014  p.  c.)  and  a  trace  of  chlorine.  Rauff  also 
discusses  the  relation  of  nephelita  (and  elaeolite)  to  cancrinite  And  microsommite. 

NEPHRITE,  Min.,  p.  233, 
land,  Berwerth,  Ber.  Ak. 
1881,  i.,  99).     Several  analyses 
(—  tremolite),  Jannettaz  and  Michel,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  178,  1881. 

For  a  general  and  detailed  discussion  of  nephrite  and  jadeite,  in  all  their  relations,  but 
especially  archaeological,  see  the  works  of  Fischer,  whose  titles  are  given  in  the  Bibliography 
(see  Introduction);  noticed  in  J.  Min.,  1876,  218,  and  1880,  ii.,  319  (ret);  also  ib.,  1880,  ii., 
113.  See  also  Annual  Rep.  Smithsonian  Inst.,  1876,  402. 

Neudorfite.     J.  von  SchrocUnger,  Verh.  G.  Reichs.,  1878,  387. 

A  resin  occurring  in  a  coal  bed  at  Neudorf,  Moravia.  Color  pale  yellow.  Lustre  waxy. 
Fracture  conchoidal.  G.  =  1 -045-1 '060.  An  analysis  by  Dietrich  gave  :  C  78 '04,  II  9-84, 
0  11-98,  N  0-14,  corresponding  to  ClhHahOa  =  C  ^8  26,  II  10'14,  0  11'60  =  100.  Fuses  at 
280°.  Dissolves  in  ether,  leaving  a  whitish-yellow  resinous  powder. 

Newberyite.  G.  vom  Rath,  Ber.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn,  Jan.  13,  1879  ;  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii., 
81,  1879. 

Orthorhombic  ;  axes,  c  (vert.)  :  &  :  &  =  0-9300  :1 :  0-9435.  Observed  planes  :  *H  i-4,  0, 
H,  2-?,  1.  Angles:  0  A  *-«  =  153°  46',  0  A  1  =  126°  26',  1  A  1  =  108°  22'.  In  large  (1  sq. 


APPENDIX   HI.  '  85 

in.) tabular  crystals.     Cleavage  i-%,  perfect  ;  basal  imperfect  (v.  Rath).     Optic  axes  in  the 
brachydiagonal  section.     Acute  bisectrix  ( + )  normal  to  the  base.     Dispersion  considera- 
ble p  <  v.     2Ha  =  44°  46'  (red),  2H0  =  143°  8'  (red;,  Des  Cloizeaux. 
Analysis,  Maclvor  : 

P205         MgO(MnOtr.)         H20 

41-25  [23-02]  35-73     =     100. 

Formula:  Mg,H2P208  -f  6aq  =  P205  40-80,  MgO  22'99,  H,0  36'21  =  100.  Loses  its 
water  about  110°  C.  Easily  soluble  in  acids.  From  the  guano  in  the  Skipton  Caves,  Vic- 
toria ;  lirst  recognized  as  new  by  Ulrich  (in  a  letter  to  vom  Rath).  Named  after  Mr.  J.  C. 
Newbery,  of  Melbourne. 

Niccochromite.  C.  U.  Shepard,  Min.  Contr.,  1877.  A  canary-yellow  substance,  oc- 
curring as  a  coating  on  zaratite,  rarely  on  chromite,  at  Texas,  Pa.  On  the  ground  of  a 
partial  blowpipe  examination,  it  is  concluded  to  be  a  "  dichromate  of  nickel "  (?). 

NICCOLITE,  Min.,  p.  60;  App.  II.,  p.  41.— Anal.,  Colorado  deChanarcillo,  Chili,  Domeyko, 
3d  ed.  Min.  Chili,  p.  185,  187D. 

NlGRESCITE. — App.   I.,  p.   12. 

NIOBITE. — See  Columbite,  p.  29. 

Nitrobarite.  Groth  (Z.  Kryst.,  vi.,  195,  1881)  has  described  crystals  of  barium  nitrate 
(barytsalpeter),  from  Chili.  They  are  in  apparent  octahedrons,  formed  of  the  +  and  — 
tetrahedrons;  also  in  spinol-like  twins.  According  to  Wulff  (ib.,  iv.,  122),  the  species  is 
tetartohedral.  The  crystals  arc  colorless,  in  part  covered  with  a  thin  brownish-black  coat- 
ing resembling  wad.  Exact  locality  unknown.  II.  C.  Lewis  (Amer.  Naturalist,  xvi.,  78, 
1832)  has  proposed  the  name  NITROBARITE  for  the  species. 

NlTROGLAUBERITE.— App.  II.,  p.  41. 

Nocerina — NOCERITE.  Announced  by  Scncclii  in  a  preliminary  note  (Accad.  Line. 
Trans.,  III.,  v.  270,  1881),  as  occurring  in  volcanic  bombs  in  the  tufa  of  Nocera.  In  white 
acicular  crystals,  referred  to  the  rhombohedral  system.  In  composition  regarded  as  a 
double  fluoride  of  calcium  and  magnesium.  Associated  with  fluorite,  some  brown  crys- 
tals referred  to  amphibole,  and  minute  crystals  in  hexagonal  prisms,  perhaps  a  variety  of 
microsommite.  The  exterior  of  the  bombs  is  covered  with  mica. 

NOHLITE. — App.  II.,  p.  41.  I 

NOSITE.— Min.,  p.  333;  App.  II.,  p.  42. 

NOUMEAITE,  NOUMEITE,  NuMEiTE. — See  Gamierite,  p.  50. 

OCTAHEDRITE,  Min.,  p.  161;  App.  II.,  p.  41.— Crysfc.,  Memoir,  Lercheltini  Alp,  Binnen- 
thal  (wiserine),  Klein,  J.  Min.,  1875,  337.  Cavradi,  Tavetsch,  vom  Rath,  Ber.  Ak  Berlin 
1875,  536  (Pogg.  Ann.,  clviii.,  402,  1876).  Wettin,  L&decke,  Z  gesammt.  Nat.,  Ill  ,  iii  , 
394,  1878.  Tavetsch,  Brazil,  etc.,  Groth,  Min.-Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  108,  1878.  Bimien- 
thal;  •».  Zepharovich,  Lotos,  IfcSU.  Sdirjmann,  J.  Min.,  1881,  ii.,  269.  Eauris,  Salzburg 
Vrba,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  417,  1881. 

Occurrence  in  nearly  colorless  transparent  crystals,  Brindletown,  Burke  Co.,  N.  C., 
Hidden,  Am.  J.  So.,  xxi.,  160,  1881.  In  quartz  at  Nil-St.- Vincent,  de  Koninck,  Bull.  Ac. 
Roy.  Belg.,  II,  xlvi.,  245,  1878. 

Mallard  (Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  187,  1876)  describes  the  optical  peculiarities  of  crystals 
from  Brazil,  and  decides  upon  the  monoclinic  character  of  the  fundamental  individuals. 
See  also  Brookite,  p.  18. 


86  APPENDIX  in. 

(ELLACHERITE,  Min.,  p.  489. — Habachthal,  Salzburg.  Occurrence  in  mica  schist  (anal, 
by  F.  Bergrnann),  Sandberger,  J.  Min.,  1875,  624;  ib.,  1879,  367.  See  also  Mica  Group, 
p.  77. 

OKENITE. — Min.,  p.  398;  App.  II.,  p.  41. 
OLDHAMITE. — App.  II.,  p.  41. 

OLIGOCLASE,  Min.,-  p.  346;  App.  II.,  p.  41. — Cryst.,  Antisana,  Andes,  com  Rath,  ZS.  G. 
Ges.,  xxvii.,  301,  1875  ;  Bodenmais,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  431.  Mt  Gibele,  Pantellaria,  forst- 
ner,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  551,  1877.  Klein,  J.  Min.,  1879,  518.  Des  Cloizeaux,  Bull.  Soc.  Min., 
iii.,  157,  1880.' 

Anal.,  Durrmorsb^ch,  HausJiofer,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  602. 

See  also  Feldspar  Group,  p.  45 . 

OLIVINB. — See  Chrysolite,  p.  27. 

OMPHACITE,  Min.,  p.  223.— See  Pyroxene,  p.  IOC. 

ONOFRITE,  Min.,  p.  56.— From  Marysvale,  Southern  Utah.  Observed  by  Newlerry,  and 
described  by  Brush  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxi  ,  312,  1881),  as  follows  :  Massive,  without  cleav- 
age. H.  =  2-5.  Gr.  =  7'62.  Lustre  metallic,  brilliant  on  the  fresh  fracture.  Color  and 
streak  blackish  gray.  Fracture  conchoidal.  Analysis  by  Comstock  : 

Se  S  Hg  Zn  Mn 

(|)    4-58  11-68  8193  054  0'69     =     99'42. 

Formula  essentially  Hg(S,Se),  with  S  :  Se  =  6  : 1,  corresponding  nearly  with  the  onofrite 
of  Haidinger,  which  has,  according  to  H.  Ross,  S  :  Se  =  4  : 1 ;  with  which  it  also  agrees  in 
physical  characters. 

Brush  gives  an  historical  statement  as  to  the  occurrence  of  American  mercuric  sulpho- 
selenides.  He  also  calls  attention  to  the  essential  identity  of  guadalcazarite  of  Petersen 
(App.  II.,  p.  25,  also  Rammelsberg,  Min.  Chem.,  1875,  p.  79)  with  the  metacinnabarite  or 
black  mercuric  sulphide  of  Moore  (App.  I ,  p.  10),  and  shows  that  mdacinnabarite,  HgS, 
G.  =  7-72,  onofrite  (Utah),  6HgS  +  HgSo,  G.  =  7  62  (calculated  7-64),  ctwfrite  (San  Onofre), 
4HgS  +  HgSe,  and  tiemannite,  HgSa,  G.  =  7 '27,  undoubtedly  form  an  isomorphous  series. 
The  specific  gravity  given  in  Dana's  Min  ,  p.  56,  for  onofrite  (5-56)  is  incorrect;  that  num- 
ber belongs  to  a  gray  mineral  of  doubtful  character  also  mentioned  by  Del  Rio  (see 
Brush,  1.  c.). 

A  mineral  partially  described  by  D'Achiardi  as  a  ferriferous  variety  of  guadalcazarite, 
is  provisionally  called  LEVIGLIANITE  by  him.  A  qualitative  examination  showed  that  it  con- 
tained no  selenium,  and  more  zinc  and  iron  than  the  original  mineral.  From  the  mercury 
mine  of  Levigliani,  near  Seravezza,  in  the  Apuan  Alps,  Italy,  Att.  Soc.  Tosc.,  ii.,  112, 1876. 

Ontariolite.— See  Scapolite,  p.  106. 
OPACITE. — App.  II.,  p.  41. 

OPAL,  Min.,  p.  198;  App.  II.,  p.  42.— Artificial  opal,  Bertrand,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iii.,  57, 
1880. 

Formation  of  vein  opal  in  the  andesite  of  the  Gleichenberg,  Kispatic,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth., 
iv.,  122,  1881. 

A  variety  of  opal  from  Mt.  Blackmore,  Montana,  has  been  called  BLACKMORITE  by  Peale, 
Hayden's  Report,  1872,  p.  169. 

ORILEYITE. — App.  I.,  p.  12. 


APPENDIX   III.  87 

ORPIMENT,  Min.,  p.  27. — Occurrence  in  the  trachytic  region  of  Tolfa,  Rome,  Bella,  Trans. 
Accad.  Line.,  III.,  i.,  66,  1877.  In  Iron  Co.,  Utah,  W.  P.  Slake,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxi., 
219,  1881. 

ORTHITE,  Min.,  p.  285  ;  App.  II.,  p.  42. — Cryst.,  Auerbach,  in  granular  limestone,  vom 
Rath,  Ber.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn,  Jan.  3,  1881. 

Microscopic  examination  of  specimens  from  different  localities,  A.  Sjogren,  Geol.  For. 
Forh.,  iii.,  258,  1877. 

Discussion  of  composition  with  many  analyses,  Engstrom,  Inaug.  Diss.  Upsala,  1877 
(Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  191,  1878).  A  much  altered  orthite  (12  to  14  p.  c.  HaO),  blackish  brown  to 
red,  is  called  VASITE  by  Engstrom. 

SlSttakra,  analysis  by  Cedervall  and  Jonsson,  Blomstrand,  Minnesskrift  Fys.  Sallsk, 
Lund,  1878,  p.  3. 


ORTHOCLASE,  Min.,  p.  352;  App.  II.,  p.  42. — Cryst.,  Bellingen,  Wcsterwald  (sanidine), 


brunn,  Silesia,  twins,  Klockmann,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxxi.,  421,  1879.  Dissentis,  vom  Rath,  Z. 
Kryst.,  v.,  492,  1881. 

Relation  between  orthoclase  and  microcline,  Mallard  (Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  1876);  he  re- 
gards them  as  essentially  identical. 

Thermo-electrical  characters,  Hankd,  Wied.  Ann.,  i..  279, 1877.  Expansion  on  heating, 
Beclcenfatmp,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  452,  1*81. 

Pseudomorphs  after  cassiterite,  Phillips,  J.  Ch.  Soc.,  Aug.,  1875  (and  see  above). 

Made  artificially,  Hautefeuille,  C.  R.,  lxxxv.,952,  1877,  and  xc.,  830,  1880;  Fouque  and 
Lfiy,  C.  R.,  Ixxxvii.,  700,  830,  1878  ;  Meunier,  C.  R,,  Ixxxvii.,  737,  804,  1878  ;  Friedel 
and  Sarasin,  C.  R.,  xciii.,  1374,  1881  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  171). 

See  also  Feldspar  Group,  p.  45,  and  Microcline,  p.  80. 

Oryzite  (Orizite).     Grattarola,  Att.  Soc.  Tosc.,  iv.,  226,  Nov.  9,  1879. 

In  minute  crystals,  1  to  3  mm.  long,  and  1  to  1  -5  mm.  thick.  Prismatic  with  I A  I—  134°- 
138° :  1-4  A  1-1  =  147°.  Triclinic,  according  to  Grattarola,  but  the  measurements  are 
stated  to  be  approximate  only,  and  those  given  are  not  sufficient  to  determine  the  form. 
H.  =6.  G.  =  2*245.  Lustre  vitreous  to  pearly.  Color  and  streak  white.  Analyses  : 

SiO,        Al,03        CaO          11,0 

1.  59-54        16-79*        8'67        14-84,  MgO,  alkalies  tr.  =  99-84. 

2.  50-20        15-71        10-31        14-38,     "  "       "  =  99-60. 

*  With  some  CuO. 

Soluble  in  warm  HC1,  with  the  separation  of  gelatinous  silica.  B.  B.  swells  up  "and 
fuses  easily."  Named  from  opv^a,  rice,  in  allusion  to  the  similarity  of  the  crystals  to  rice 
grains.  [Groth  (Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  641)  calls  attention  to  the  similarity  to  heulandite  in  form 
and  composition  (with  which  the  author  regards  it  as  being  dimorphous),  and  justly  re- 
marks that  the  description  is  not  sufficiently  complete  to  establish  its  independence.]  From 
the  granite  blocks  in  the  Foresi  collection,  which  have  popularly  gone  by  the  name  of  the 
"  Four  Evangelists,"  and  which  formed  part  of  the  granitic  vein  of  the  "  Masso  Foresi," 
or  Fonte  del  Prete,  Elba.  The  same  source  has  yielded  tourmaline,  beryl,  castorite,  pollu- 
cite,  apatite,  etc. 

OSBORNITE. — App.  I.,  p.  12. 

OTTRELITE,  Min.,  p.  506;  App.  II.,  p.  43. — A  variety  of  ottrclite  is  called  VEXASQUITE  by 
Damour  (see  Bourbec,  Bains  et  courses  de  Luchon,  1857,  and  Damour,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii., 
167,  1879).  Occurs  in  masses  having  a  lamellar  and  radiated  crystalline  structure.  Cleav- 
age in  one  direction.  II.  =  5 -5.  G.  =  3 -26.  Color  grayish  black.  Streak  gray.  Opaque. 
Analysis,  Damour,  1.  c. : 

Si09  AI-Os  FeO  MgO  H«0 

44-79  29-71  20'75  0*62  4-93     =     100-80. 


88  APPENDIX  m. 

This  corresponds  closely  with  the  formula  (Fe,Mg)  [Al2]SiaOi0  4-  aq.  B.  B.  fusible  with 
difficulty  on  thin  edges  ;  yields  a  magnetic  slag  on  charcoal.  Not  attacked  by  acids.  From 
Venasque,  in  the  Pyrenees. 

OXAMMITE.  A  name  given  by  Shepard  (App.  I.,  p.  6)  for  crystals  supposed  to  be  ammo- 
nium oxalate,  from  the  guano  of  the  Guanape  Islands.  Raimondi,  under  the  name  of 
GUANAPITE,  has  described  (Min.  Perou,  pp.  30,  33,  1878)  what  is  apparently  the  same  sub- 
stance examined  by  Shepard.  Occurs  in  small  flattened  (4.  to  5  mm.  long)  grains,  with 
lamellar  structure.  Sometimes  in  elongated  prismatic  (orthorhombic)  crystals;  also  pul- 
verulent Color  yellowish  white.  Lustre  silky.  Transparent.  Inodorous.  Volatilizes 
completely  with  heat.  An  oxalatc  of  ammonia.  Found  with  mascagnite,  which  it  much 
resembles,  in  the  guano  of  the  Guanape  Isles. 

J.  A.  Tanner,  Jr.  (Chem.  News,  xxxii.,  lf'2,  1875),  has  analyzed  the  Guanape  mineral, 
and  obtained  (after  deducting  5'54  p.  c.  organic  matter):  NH4  21-95,  C204  53-30,  H20  24-75, 
corresponding  to  Ca  (NH4)204  +  2aq,  which  requires  :  NH4  22-50,  C,04  55'00,  H20  22-50. 
[Raimondi's  name  is  based  on  a  partial  description,  Shepard's  name  on  a  mere  statement 
in  a  single  sentence;  as,  however,  the  name  guanapite  has  been  previously  used  (App.  I., 
p.  6),  the  other,  though  not  free  from  objection,  may  be  accepted.] 

^>.  —  Description  of  a  related  mineral  wax  from 


OZOCERITE,  Min.,  p.  732;  App.  II.,  p.  4^>.  —  Desc 
Utah,  Newberry,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xvii.,  340,  1879. 


From  Kinghorn-ness,  Scotland,  anal.,  Macadam,  Rep.  Brit.  Assoc.,  1879,  309,  or  Ch. 
News,  xl.,  48,  1879.  Galicia,  Paul,  Verh.  G.  Reichs.,  1881,  131. 

PACHNOLITE,  Min.,  p.  129.  —  According  to  Oroth  (Tab.  Uebers.  Min.,  41,  1882),  the  true 
relation  of  the  species  pachnolite  and  thomsenolite  has  been  recently  established  by  Brandl. 
PACHNOLITE  is  monoclinic,  with  ft  =  89°  40',  and  c  (vert.)  :  b:  a  =  1-5:.  20  :  1:11626,  and 
has  the  composition  [Na,Ca]  F3  +  AloFG.  It  is  consequently  a  cryolite,  with  two  sodium 
atoms  replaced  by  one  calcium  atom. 

THOMSENOLITE,  on  the  same  authority,  is  monoclinic,  with  ft  =  89°  37i',  and  c  (vert.):  b:  d 
=  1-0877:1:0-9959;  and  has  the  composition  [Na,Ca]F?  +  A12F6  4-  H20. 

On  earlier  discussions  of  the  relations  of  these  species,  see  :  Knop,  Ann.  Ch.  Pharm., 
cxxvii.,  61,  1866  ;  Wohler,  J.  Min.,  1876,  58  ;  Kdnig,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1876, 
42  ;  Krenner,  J.  Min.,  1877,  504  ;  Klein,  J.  Min.,  1877,  808.  PYROCONITE  of  Wohler  is 
the  same  as  var.  A  pachnolite  of  Knop. 

PALAGONITE,  Min.,  p.  483;  App.  II.,  p.  43.  —  Penck,  after  an  exhaustive  study  of  many 
so-called  palagonite  rocks,  concludes  that  no  such  mineral  exists  ;  that  most  of  the  mate- 
rial, which  has  received  that  name  and  been  examined,  is  a  mixture  of  different  substances, 
consisting  largely  of  the  glassy  ejected  bombs  from  a  basaltic  magma,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxxi., 
504,  }879. 

Pandermite.  —  See  Priceite,  p.  97. 

PARAGOXITE.  —  Min.,  p.  487;  App.  II.,  pp.  43,  63.  —  See  also  Cossaite,  App.  II.,  p.  63. 

Parailmenite.  Same  as  the  doubtful  paracolumbite  (Min.,  p.  143),  from  Taunton, 
Mass.,  C.  U.  Shepard,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xx.,  56,  1880. 

Parankerite.  —  See  Anherite,  p.  6. 
PARASTILBITE.  —  See  Epistilbite,  p.  42. 

PARISITE,  Min.,  p.  702.  —  Absorption  bands  in  spectrum  (Ce,La,Di),  Cossa,  Accad.  Line. 
Mem.,  III.,  iii.,  29,  1878.  See  also  Bastnasite,  under  Tysonite,  p.  126. 

Paroligocalse.  PAROLIGOKLAS.  E.  E.  Schmid,  Jenaer.  Denksch.,  18SO  (J.  Min.,  1881, 
i.,  78  ref.). 

A  problematical  substance  occurring  in  indistinct  prisms,  with  calcite  grains,  imbedded 
in  the  ground-mass  of  a  rock  found  between  Ilmsenberg,  Quariberg,  and  Silberberg,  in  the 
Thiiringerwald.  The  rock  has  a  specific  gravity  of  2-666-2-677,  and  in  thin  sections  shows 


APPENDIX  III.  89 

an  opaque  ground-mass  of  ferrite,  with  the  macroscopic  prisms  of  a  pale  yellow  color. 
Extinction  parallel  and  perpendicular  to  the  axis  of  prism. 

Analyses  :  (1)  of  rock  entire;  (2)  portion  soluble  in  dilute  HC1;  (3)  soluble  in  concentra- 
ted HC1;  (4)  insoluble  remainder. 

Si02        AloOa*     Fe.O^t     CaO       MgO      Na,0        K20       CO.        ign. 
1.        4574        16-07        14-74        6'31        273        2-97        471        4-32        2-22  =  99-01. 

2  0  66          2-37        6-31        0-22  0*28~~  4-32        0-28  =  14-44. 

3  4-59          2-08        11-10        1'24        0'19        0-09        =  19-29. 

4.        41-15        13-33          127        ....        1-27        2'66        4'46        ....        4-60  =  64-60. 

*  With  P2O5.  t  With  TiO2  and  Mn2O3. 

The  author  gives  for  the  ratio  in  the  insoluble  part  of  RO  :  A1203 :  Si02  =  0'94:  3:  8-90 
=  1:3:9,  and  calls  the  mineral  paroligodase,  in  allusion  to  the  fact  that  this  is  the  ratio  of 
oligoclase.  [Rosenbusch  (J.  Min.,  I.e.)  suggests  that  the  substance  may  belong  to  the 
scapolite  group ;  in  any  case,  on  the  basis  of  so  imperfect  an  examination,  it  has  no  claim 
to  a  place  as  a  mineral  species,  and  should  never  have  received  a  name.] 

PARTZITE,  Min.,  p.  188. — Anal.,  Mine  of  San  Lorenzo,  province- of  Huaylas,  and  mine 
des  Italiens,  province  of  Cajatambo,  Peru,  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou^^^SS^Se,  87,  1878. 

Passyite.— See  Quartz,  p.  101. 

PATTEBSONITE.— Min.,  p.  801;  App.  I.,  p.  18;  II.,  p. 

PEALITE.— App.  II.,  p.  43  (24). 

Peckhamite.     J.  L.  Smith,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xix.,462;  xx., 

Occurs  in  rounded  nodules  in  the  meteorite  of  Emmet  Co.,  Iowa.  Shows  a  more  or  less 
distinct  cleavage.  G.  =  3-23.  Lustre  greasy,  opalescent.  Color  light  greenish  yellow. 
Two  analyses  (1)  on  0*1  gr.,  (2)  on  0-35  gr.,  gave  : 

SiO,  FeO  MgO 

1.  49-50  15-88  33-01     =     98-39. 

2.  49-59  17-01  32-51     =     99-11. 

These  correspond  to  R4Si30 10,  which  Smith  resolves  into  2(RSiOs)  -f  R2Si04,  that  is,  2 
molecules  of  enstatite  and  1  of  chrysolite.  Named  after  Prof.  S.  F.  Peckham. 

PECTOLITE,  Min.,  p.  396  ;  App.  II.,  p.  43.— A  mineral,  very  near  pectolite,  is  called 
WALKERITE  by  Neddie  (Min.  Mag.,  iv.,  121,  1880).  In  radiating  and  interlacing  fibres,  re- 
sembling ordinary  pectolite.  H.  =  4'5.  G.  =  2712.  Cream-colored,  slightly  pinkish. 
Lustre  brilliant,  pearly.  Phosphoresces  on  being  broken,  or  on  application  of  heat. 
Analyses  :  1,  Walker  (anal.  10,  Dana,. Min.,  p.  397);  2,  3,  lleddle  : 

SiO-       Al,03      FeO          CaO        MgO      K.,0        NaaO       H20 

1.  54-00        3079        2-59        ....        5 '55        5-43     =     98'36. 

2.  53-22          0-9        0-21        26-18        6'81  undet.  5'23. 

3.  52-20        ....         1-33        23-61        5'12       0-85        6'50        5'28     =     99-92. 

Calculated  formula:  Na2MgCa4Si7020,  2H,0  or  H2Na2Mgai4Si702i  +  aq,  requiring:  SiOa 
53-71,  CaO  28-65,  MgO  5-12,  Na20  7'92,  H,0  4-60  =  100.  Found  in  the  diabase  of  Cor- 
storphine  Hill,  near  Edinburgh,  Scotland.  Described  by  the  early  English  mineralogist, 
Dr.  Walker,  as  pectolite,  after  whom  it  is  named.  [The  difference  from  pectolite  is  so 
small  as  not  to  seem  to  require  its  separation.] 

PEGANITE.— See  Variscite,  p.  128. 


90  APPENDIX  m. 

Pelagite.  A.  H.  Church,  Min.  Mag.,  i.,  50,  1876;  G&wbel,  Ber.  Ak.  Munchen,  1878,  p. 
189. 

A  name  given  by  Church  (1.  c.)  to  the  manganese  nodules  obtained  by  the  "  Challenger" 
from  the  bottom  of  the  Pacific,  between  Japan  and  the  Sandwich  Is.,  at  a  depth  of  2740 
fathoms."  Characters,  as  follows:  H.  =3-5.  G.  =  1-89.  Color  brownish  black.  Streak 
somewhat  shining.  Powder  between  blackish  brown  and  clove  brown.  Fracture  conchoi- 
dal ;  fragile.  In  the  closed  tube  gives  oif  water  having  a  slight  alkaline  reaction.  B.  B. 
contracts,  becomes  black,  and  fuses  on  the  edges.  *  With  II Ci  dissolves  with  the  liberation 
of  chlorine  and  separation  of  silica.  The  nodules  have  a  concretionary  structure,  consist- 
ing of  concentric  layers,  and  having  a  core  of  indurated  red  clay,  and,  in  one  case,  of 
pumice;  the  material  was  regarded  as  homogeneous.  Gumbel  (1.  c.)  describes  nodules  from 
the  same  source.  Analyses:  (1)  Church;  (2)  Sch wager  (quoted  by  Gumbel). 

Si02    MnOa    Alo03  Fea08    H,0 

1.  10-37    30-22      3-30    20'02  34'55*,  01  0-71,  MgO,  CaO,  CuO,  Na-,0,  Cl,  P206,  etc.,  0-83 

[=  100. 

2.  16-03    23-60    10-21    27-46    17-82,  MgO  0-18,  CaO  0*92,  CuO  0-02,  CoO,  NiO  0-01, 
[BaO  0-01,  Na2O  2'36,  K20  0-40,  TiOa  0-66,  Cl  0-94,  Pa06  0-02,  S03  0'48,  C02  0-05=  101-17. 

*  At  a  red  heat  lO'O  p.  c. 

Other  analyses  by  J.-Y.  Buchanan  (Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Ed.,  ix.,  287,  1877;  Ch.  News,  xliv., 
253,'  1881)  of  specimens  from  different  localities,  show  a  wide  variation  in  composition 
(24-4-35-3  Mn02  and  18-24*8  Pea08).  [Although  great  interest  attaches  to  these  nodules, 
they  cannot  in  any  sense  claim  to  be  a  distinct  mineral  species,  but  are  doubtless  compo- 
site.] 

Pelagosite.    K.  Moser,  Tschermak,  Min!  Petr.  Mitth.,  i.,  174,  1878. 

A  substance  occurring  as  a  thin,  dark-colored  incrustation  on  limestone  and  dolomite,  on 
the  shores  of  the  Mediterranean,  as  at  the  Island  of  Pelagosa  (Moser).  In  some  cases  look- 
ing like  varnish,  and  again  resembling  lichens.  It  consists  of  thin  translucent  layers, 
exerting  on  polarized  light  the  effect  of  aggregate  polarization.  An  analysis  by  J.  Cloez 
on  similar  material  from  Cape  Ferrat,  afforded  :  CaC03  91 '80,  MgC03  0'90,  Fe,03  0-25, 
Si02  1-23,  NaCl  0-49,  H2O  4-56,  organic  matter  0-71  =  99-93.  It  is  regarded  as  produced 
by  the  action  of  sea-water  on  the  doiomite. 

Des  Cloizeaux  and  Velain  have  observed  similar  coatings  on  the  feldspathic  rocks  of 
Corsica,  on  the  coast  of  Oran,  and  on  basaltic  lava  on  the  coast  of  Reunion  Island,  Bull. 
Soc.  Geol.,  vi.,  86,  1878.  [Not  a  mineral  species.] 

Pelhamine.  C.  U.  SJiepard,  Contr.  Min.,  1876. — A  serpentinous  substance  (altered  as- 
bestos), forming  irregular  seams  and  masses  at  the  asbestos  mine,  at  Pelham,  Mass.,  re- 
sembling a  black  serpentine.  Color  dark  greenish  gray.  H.  =5.  G.  —  2'9-3'2.  B.  B. 
infusible.  Analysis  :  Si02  38-40,  Alo03  2*80,  FeO  15-52,  MgO  [39 '88],  H20  3-40  =  100. 

PENCATITE. — Min.,  p.  708;  App.  II.,  p.  43  (45). 

PENXIXITE,  Min.,  p.  495;  App.  II.,  p.  43.—  Mallard  (Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  151,  1876)  re- 
gards penninite  (uniaxial)  and  clinochlore,  or  ripidolite  (biaxial),  as  identical,  both  having 
a  fundamental  monoclinic  form,  but  differing  only  in  the  method  of  grouping  of  the  indi- 
viduals. He  calls  attention  to  cases  where  a  biaxial  chlorite  encloses  a  nucleus  of  a  uniax- 
ial chlorite,  and  explains  the  latter  by  the  aggregation  analogous  to  corundum. 

Analyses  of  penninite,  ripidolite,  and  related  species  from  Scottish  localities,  ffeddle, 
Trans.  Soc.  Edinb.,  xxix.,  55  et  seq.,  1879.  Anal,  (by  van  Wervecke),  pseudophite,  Mar- 
kirch,  Vosges,  Ghrofh,  Z.  Kryst,,  i.,  509,  1877.  x 

Penwithite.     J.  H.  Collins,  Min.  Mag.,  ii.,  91,  1878;  iii.,  89,  1879. 

Massive.  H.  =  3-5.  G.  =  2'49.  Lustre  vitreous  Color  dark  amber  to  reddish  brown. 
Transparent.  Fracture  conchoidal.  Brittle.  Analysis  :  (:{)  SiOa  36-40,  MnO  37-62,  FeO 
2-52,  H2O21-8;),  MnO.tr.,  Uo03  0'30,  Cu  tr.  =  9864.  Formula  calculated  by  author: 
MnSi03  +  2aq,  requiring:  SiOa  35-9,  MnO  42-5,  H,0  21-5  =  100.  B.  B.  fuses  with  diffi- 
culty. Occurs  with  quartz  and  rhodochrosite,  in  the  district  of  Penwith  (whence  name), 
"West  Cornwall.  [The  author  mentions,  that  if  the  coarse  powder  is  digested  in  HC1,  the 
manganese  is  dissolved  out  and  the  silica  left  colorless  ;  he  also  mentions  related  sub- 


APPENDIX  m.  91 

stances  with  Si02,  varying  from  22  to  57  p.  c.,  and  G.  as  high  as  3 '4.     It  would  seem,  con- 
sequently, very  doubtlul  whether  this  is  to  be  regarded  as  a  true  mineral  species.] 

PERCYLITE,  Min.,  p.  122;  App.  II.,  p.  43.—  Believed,  to  occur  at  Mina  San  Rafael,  Gale- 
ria  al  Norte,  Bolivia,  Gregory,  Min.  Mag.,  ii.,  251,  1879.  Alt.  de  Challacollo,  Tarapaca, 
Peru,  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou,  p.  174,  18  i  8. 

PEROFSKITE,  Min.,  p.  146;  App.  II.,  p.  43.— Occurrence  as  a  microscopic  constituent  of 
nephelite-pikrite,  in  Bohemia,  Boricky,  Ber.  Bohm.  Ges.,  Oct.  13,  1876,  p.  227.  From  the 
Val  Malenco  (anal,  by  Mauro),  Struver,  Trans.  Accad.  Line.,  III.,  iv.,  210,  1880. 

The  question  of  the  crystalline  system  of  perofskite  has  been  discussed  by  von  Kok- 
scharof,  Min  Russl.,  vi.,  388,  1874;  vii.,  375,  1878;  viii.,  39,  1881  (J.  Min.,  18 ;8,  38);  Des 
Cloizeaux,  ZS.G.Ges.,  xxvi.,  932,  1874  ;  J.  Min.,  1877, 160;  ib.,  1878, 43,  372;  Baumhauer, 
Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  187,  1879.  The  etching  experiments  of  Baumhauer,  supported  by  optical 
examinations,  seem  to  prove  that,  as  urged  by  von  Kokscharof  and  accepted  by  Des 
Cloizeaux,  the  mineral  is  orthorhombie,  and  owes  its  form  and  optical  properties  to  a  com- 
plicated system  of  twinning. 

An  altered  perofskite  from  Magnet  Cove,  Arkansas,  is  called  HYDROTITANITE  by  Konig 
(Acad  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.,  83,  18  Q\  Color  yellowish  gray.  G.  =  3'681.  Soft.  An  analy- 
sis afforded:  Ti02  82-82,  Pe,03  7-76,  MgO  2'72,  CaO  0-80,  H20  5'50,  V  tr.  =  99-60. 
[Indeterminate  decomposition  products  are  not  mineral  species.] 

PETALITE,  Min.,  p.  229;  App.  II.,  p.  43.— Anal.,  Elba,  Rammelsberg,  Bcr.  Ak.  Berlin, 
1878,  9.  Discussion  of  chemical  composition  and  relation  to  spodumene,  Dolter,  Min. 
Petr.  Mitth.,  i.,  529,  1878. 

An  alteration  product  of  castorite,  from  Elba,  has  been  called  HYDROCASTORITE  by  G.  Grat- 
tarola  (Boll.  Com.  Geol.,  1876,  323).  Occurs  as  a  mealy  aggregate  of  fine  crystalline 
needles,  surrounding  a  nucleus  of  the  original  mineral.  The  microscopic  prismatic  crys- 
tals sometimes  obliquely  cut  off  (70°);  extinction  parallel  the  prism.  H.  =  2.  G.  =  2-16. 
Color  white.  Analyses':  1,  Grattarola,  on  material  not  entirely  pure;  2,  Sansoni  (Att.  Soc. 
Tosc.,  iv.,  320,  1879). 

SiOa  Al,0,  CaO          MgO  H20 

1.  59-59  21-35  4-38  ....  14-66     =     99-98. 

2.  58-13  19-70  4-17  0'50  15-96     =     98-46. 

For  the  latter  the  not  very  simple  formula  :  Ca.,  [Alj]5Si2o009  +  24aq,  is  calculated. 
[Needs  further  examination.] 

PETZITE.— Min.    p.  146;  App.  II.,  p.  43;  see  also  Jlessiie,  App.  III.,  p.  58. 
Phaactinite. — See  Ampliibole,  p.  5. 

PHARMACOLITE,  Min.,  p.  554  ;  App.  II.,  p.  43.— Oryst.,  Schrauf,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  284, 
1879. 

PHARMACOSIDERITE,  Min.,  p.  578.— From  Schemnitz,  Hungary,  Min.  Mitth.,  1875,  100. 
From  Garonne,  Dept.  du  Var,  Pisani,  C.  R.,  Ixxxiv.,  1512,  1877. 

Pseudo-isometric,  according  to  JBertrand,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  256,  1881. 

PIONACITE,  Min.,  p.  263  ;  App.  II.,  p.  43.— Cryst.,  with  catalogue  of  observed  planes, 
Sdigmann,  J.  Min.,  1880,  i.,  129.  From  Switzerland,  perhaps  Val  Giuf,  Websky,  Ber. 

Anal.,  Cerro  del  Mercado,  Durango,  Mexico,  Chrustscho/,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  634,  1879. 
Phengite. — See  Mica  Group,  p.  77. 
Fhiladelphite.— See  Vermiculite,  p.  129. 


9£  APPENDIX  m. 

Phillipite.  /.  DomeyTco,  5th  Appendix  Min.  Chili,  1876 ;  3d  ed.  Min.  Chili,  p.  248, 
1879. 

Compact,  granular,  or  with  fibrous  structure,  transverse  to  veins  in  the  chalcopyrite. 
Lustre  vitreous.  Color  azure  blue.  Translucent,  astringent.  Composition  approximately 
given  by  the  formula,  CuS04  +  [Fe2]S3012  +  naq.  Analysis  gave  :  S03  28 '96,  Fe<>03  9 '80 
(iron  subsulphate  2-28),  CuO  14'39,  MgO  0'85,  H20  43-7*,  Ala03  tr.  =  100.  Soluble  in 
water,  but  unaffected  by  exposure  to  the  air.  Found  at  the  copper  mines  in  the  Cordille- 
ras of  Condes,  province  of  Santiago,  Chili.  Produced  from  the  decomposition  of  chalco- 
pyrite, and  found  in  small  irregular  masses  and  bands  with  it  in  an  argillaceous  ochre. 

PHILLIPSITE,  Min.,  p.  438;  App.  II.,  p.  43.— Crystalline  system  monoclinic,  with  a  higher 
degree  of  pseudo-symmetry,  due  to  repeated  twinning,  analogous  to  harmotome,  Streng,  3. 
Min.,  1875,  585  ;  Trippke,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxx.,  178,  1878  (or  J.  Min.,  1878,  681,  68(0 ;  fjre~ 
senius,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  42,  1879  ;  v.  Zepharovich,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  96,  1880.  The  monoclinic 
character  of  phillipsite  was  first  assumed  by  Groth,  Tabell.  Uebers.  Min. ,  pp.  62,  1 04, 
1874. 

Kecent  formation  at  Bourbonne-les -Bains,  Daubree,  C.  R.,  Ixxx.,  463,  1875;  do.  in  Al- 
giers, ib.,  Ixxxiv.,  157,  1877. 

PHGENICOCHROITE,  Min.,  p.  630.— Made  artificially,  Meunier,  C.  R.,  Ixxxvii.,  656,  1878. 
PHLOGOPITE,  Min.,  p.  302.— See  Mica  Group,  p.  77. 

PHOLERITE,  Min.,  p.  472  ;  App.  II.,  p.  44. — Anal.,  Distr.  San  Pablo,  Peru,  Raimondi, 
Min.  Perou,  302,  1878. 

PHOSGENITE,  Min.,  p.  703. — Cryst.,  Monte  Poni,  Sardinia,  showing  a  close  agreement 
with  the  results  of  v.  Kokscharof,  from  Gibbas,  Hansel,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  291,  1878.  See 
also  Min.  Russl.,  viii.,  118,  143,  1881. 

Recent  formation  at  Bourbonne-les-Bains,  Daubree,  C.  R.,  Ixxxi.,  182,  1875.  Made 
artificially,  Friedel  and  Sarasin,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  175,  1881. 

PHOSPHOCHROMITE,  App.  I.,  p.  12. — Pisani  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iii.,  196,  1880)  has  analyzed 
a  phospho-chromate  from  Beresofsk,  which  is  near  the  phosphochromite  of  Hermann  (App. 
I.,  see  laxmannite).  It  occurs  in  mammillary  forms,  having  a  crystalline  surface.  Color 
reddish  orange  ;  powder  yellow.  The  analysis  gave  : 

P2O5  Cr03  PbO  CuO 

9-78  15-80  70-60  4-57     =     100-75. 

The  formula  is  Pb3P208  +  (Pb,Cu)  Cr04. 

Shepard  has  used  .the  same  name  for  a  supposed  substance,  the  existence  of  which  even 
is  not  proved;  see  Elroquite,  p.  41. 

Phosphuranylite.     F.  A.  Genth,  Amer.  Chem.  J.,  i.,  92,  1879. 

Occurs  as  a  pulverulent  incrustation  ;  shows  with  the  microscope  rectangular  scales, 
with  pearly  lustre.  Color  deep  lemon  yellow.  Analysis : 

P205  U03  PbO  H20 

11-30  71-73  4-40  10-48     =     97'91. 

The  lead  is  regarded  as  being  present  as  cerussite,  which  was  visible  under  the  micro- 
scope; deducting  this  the  result  becomes:  P206  12-08,  U03  76'71,  H20  11 -21  =  100.  For 
this  the  formula  is  deduced:  (U02)3P20*  +  6aq  =  P205  12-75,  UOS  77'56,  H20  9'69.  B  B. 
in  the  closed  tube  yields  water,  and  becomes  brownish  yellow  on  cooling.  Easily  soluble  in 
nitric  acid.  Occurs  with  other  uranium  minerals  at  the  Flat  Rock  mine,  Mitchell  Co., 
N.  C. ;  incrusts  the  quartz,  feldspar,  and  mica. 

Phytocollite.— See  Dopplerite,  p.  38. 


APPENDIX   III.  93 

Picite.  A.  Nies,  Ber.  Oberhess.  Ges.  Nat.  Heilk.,  xix.,  p.  112,  1880.  A.  Streng,  J. 
Min.,  1881,  i.,  118. 

Amorphous  ;  in  thin  coatings,  or  in  small  stalactitic  and  spherical  forms.  H.  —  d-4. 
G.  =  2-83.  Color  dark  brown.  Streak  yellow.  Lustre  vitreous  to  greasy.  Translucent. 
Fracture  subconchoidal.  Anistropic.  Analysis:  Nies,  after  deducting  210  p.  c.  in- 
soluble : 

P205  Fe203  A1203  H20 

24-47  46-50  100  2803     =:     100. 

Formula:  4[Fe2]P208  4-  3[Fe2]H60B  +  27aq  [but,  as  Nies  remarks,  it  is  by  no  means  sure 
that  the  mineral  is  homogeneous].  From  the  Eleonore  mine,  near  Bieben,  and  the  Roth- 
laufchcn  mine,  near  Waldgirmes,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Giessen.  Closely  related,  as  shown 
by  Nies,  to  the  Picites  resinaceus  of  Breithaupt  (Handb.  Min.,  i.,  897),  and  to  a  phos- 
phate mentioned  by  Boricky  (Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  Ivi.,  16,  1867)  as  occurring  at  the  Hrbek 
mine,  St.  Benigna,  Bohemia. 

PICKERINGITE,  Min.,  p.  653. — Anal.,  Colorado  City,  Col.,  Goldsmith,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat. 
Sc.  Phil.,  1876,  333.  Argentine  Republic  (Schickendantz),  Brackebusch,  Min.  Argentin., 

74,  1875. 

A  related  mineral  is  called  SONO  MATTE  by  E.  Goldsmith  (Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad., 
1876,  263).  Crystalline.  G.  =  1  '604.  Silky  lustre.  Colorless.  Analysis : 

S03  Alo03  FeO  MgO  H.O 

(I)  38-54  801  1-78  7'33  [44-34]   =--     100. 

Formula:  3MgS04  +  [Al2]S3Oi2  +  33aq.  From  the  neighborhood  of  the  Geysers,  Sono- 
ma Co.,  California. 

Picroallumogene  of  G.  Roster  (Boll.  Com.  Geol.,  1876,  302)  is  another  mineral  very  near 
piekeringite.  Stalactitic;  in  nodular  and  fibrous  radiated  masses.  MonocHnic  or  triclinic. 
Color  white,  with  a  rose-red  tinge.  Streak  nearly  white.  Semi-translucent>.  Taste  acid, 
bitter.  Composition  :  2MgSO,  +  [Al2]S3Oia  +  28aq  =  S03  36-80,  A1203  9 -48,  MgO  7'36, 
H,O  46-36  ss  100.  Analysis: 

S03  AL03         MgO  H20 

36-38  9-16  8-19  45-69,  K20  0'37,  CoO  tr.  =  99-79. 

Fuses  easily  in  its  own  water  of  crystallization,  and  swells  out,  becoming  opaque  and 
porous.  Dissolves  in  slightly  warmed  water,  forming  an  acid  solution,  from  which  oblique 
prisms  resembling  gypsum  separate  on  slow  evaporation.  Occurs  with  sulphur  and  me- 
lanterite,  in  the  iron  mine  of  Vigneria,  Island  of  Elba. 

PICROMERITE. — Min.,  p.  642;  App.  II.,  p.  44. 
PICROPHARMACOLITE.— Min.,  p.  555;  App.  II.,  p.  41. 

PICROSMINE,  Min.,  p.  405. — Anal,  of  a  related  mineral,  Haslau,  Plotzbachthal,  Frenzel, 
Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  iii.,  512,  1881. 

PICROTEPHROITE. — See  Tephrolte,  p.  120. 

PIEDMONTITE,  Min.,  p.  285.—  Crystallographic,  optical,  and  chemical  examination,  Las- 
peyres,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  435,  1880. 

Pilarite.— See  Chrysocotta,  p.  26. 

Pilinite.    A.  von  Lasaulx,  J.  Min.,  1876,  358. 

Orthorhombic  (on  optical  grounds).     In  minute  (-005  mm.  to  -01  mm.)  prismatic  crys- 


94  APPENDIX   III. 

tals,  having  a  rhombic  section  of  about  120°  and  60 ? ;  forming  a  fine  felt-like  mass,  the 
needles  oiten  bent;  resembles  asbestos.  Cleavage  basal  perfect,  prismatic  distinct 
G.  =2-263.  Lustre  of  needles  silky.  Color  white  to  colorless.  Needles  pliable.  Analvsis' 
Bettendorif  (I.e.): 

Si02      Al203,Fe203      CaO         Li20        MgO,  Na20,  K20      H20 

55-70  1?64  19-51     -  [118]  "tr7~  4-97    =     100. 

The  formula  proposed  is  (Ca,Li2)  [A12]  Si5015  +  aq.  Fuses  easily  with  strong  intumes- 
cence to  a  sponge-like  bead.  Insoluble  in  acids,  even  on  boiling.  Occurs  with  quartz, 
epidote,  and  stilbite  in  cavities  in  the  granite  of  Striegau,  Silesia.  Named  from  jciAivo?, 
made  of  felt. 

Pilolite.    Heddle,  Min.  Mag.,  ii.,  206,  1879. 

Heddle  has  analyzed  specimens  of  "  mountain  cork  "  (1,  2,  3, 4),  and  "  mountain  leather" 
(5,  6,  7),  from  several  localities  in  Scotland,  with  the  following  results: 


Si02 

AloOn 

Fe,03 

FeO 

MnO 

CaO 

MgO     H.O*  (total) 

1. 

Portsoy 

51-43 

7-52 

2-06 

2-49 

1-30 

0-58 

9-35 

25-04 

_ 

£9-76. 

2. 

Cabrach 

51-00 

12-88 

0-09 

2-68 

0-08 

7-54 

24-74 



99-73. 

3. 

Tod  Head 

51-61 

6-63 

.... 

2-70 

2-77 

V-ii 

io-ei 

25-00 

— 

100-63. 

4. 

Tay  Port 

54-37 

11-27 

0'21 

1-09 

0-33 

0-98 

9-49 

22-41 

_ 

100-16. 

5. 

Tod  Head 

52-48 

6-33 

0-60 

2-11 

2-88 

1-34 

11-95 

21-70 



99-39. 

6. 

Lead  Hills 

51-45 

7-98 

0-97 

3-29 

1-49 

1-97 

10-15 

21-70 

— 

98-99. 

7.  Boyne  Burn  51-10      6*81     2-27     2-82     1-01     0'86     10-16        23-90     =       C8-93. 
*  H2O  at  100°:  in  (1)  10'88,  in  (2)  10'64,  in  (3)  9'27,  in  (4)  9'26,  in  (5)  5'99,  in  (6)  5'96,  in  (7)  9'2. 

The  quantivalent  ratio  for  the  above  is  approximately,  R  :  [R.,]  :  Si  :  H  =  4  :  3  :  20  :  15, 
and  the  calculated  formula  Mg4  [A12]  Si,  0027,  15H,0. 

The  minerals  have  the  characters  ordinarily  given  under  the  names  "mountain  leather," 
and  "  mountain  cork."  Structure  fibrous,  more  or  less  flexible  and  tough.  Color  white 
to  pale  buff,  gray,  etc.  They  occur  in  granular  limestone,  in  granite  veins,  and  in  veins  in 
sandstones  and  slates.  Heddle  states  that  the  above  mineral  is  not  an  alteration  product 
of  a  variety  of  hornblende,  but  a  distinct  species.  Named  from  it 2 A. o$,fe!t.  [Compare 
xylotile,  p.  406.] 

PINITE,  Min.,  p.  479;  App.  II.,  p.  44. — Anal.,  formed  from  andalusite,  San  Piero,  Elba, 
Grattarola,  Boll.  Com.  Geol.,  1876,  333.  Sodertorn,  Sweden  (rosite  and  polyargite),  Palm- 
grcn,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  i.,  188,  1873. 

From  Eastern  Massachusetts,  analyses,  occurrence,  etc.,  Crosby,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xix., 
116,  1880. 

See  also  lolite,  p.  63,  Killinitc,  (under  Spodumene),  p.  112. 

PISANITE,  Min.,  p.  646.—  Massa  Marittima,  Tuscany,  optical  exam.,  etc.,  S03  28-48,  CuO 
10-07,  C.  Hintze,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  309,  1878. 

PITTICITE. — Min.,  p.  589;  App.  II.,  p.  44. 

Plagiocitrite.     Sandberger ;  Singer,  Inaug.  Diss.,  p.  13,  Wtirzburg. 
Monoclinic  or  triclinic.     In   microscopic   crystals.     G.  =  1'881.     Color   .emon  yellow. 
Translucent.     Taste  astringent.     Analysis  (after  deducing  9 '85  p.  c.  hygroscopic  water): 

S03     Al,03  Fe,03  FeO    NiO    CoO    MgO    CaO  Na20  K20     H,0 
35-44    14-37    7-95    1'64    0-97    0-58    1-19    0'43    4'04    4'23    29-42  =  100-26. 

Formula  R.2SO4  +  [R2]  S0n  +  9aq.  Easily  soluble  in  water,  the  solution  giving  an  acid 
reaction ;  by  boiling,  Fe203  separates  out  free  from  S03.  Decomposes  on  exposure,  becom- 
ing orange  yellow.  B.  B.  swells  up,  fuses  in  its  own  water  of  crystallization,  and  leaves  a 
reddish  brown  spongy  residue.  Occurs  with  other  related  sulphates  at  the  Bauersberg 
near  Bischofsheim  vor  der  Rhon ;  derived  from  the  decomposition  of  pyrite. 


APPENDIX  in.  95 

PLAGIONITE. — Min.,  p.  89;  App.  II.,  p.  44. 


PLATINUM,  Min.,  p.  10;  App.  II.,  p.  44.— Russia,  v.  KoJcscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  vii.,   143, 
1875. -o.  Jeremejef,  Verb.  Min.  Ges.  St.  Pet.,  II.,  xiv.,  155,  1879. 

(Eisenplatin)  from  Nischne  Tagilsk,  Terrell,  C.  R.,lxxxii.,  1116,  1876;  made  artificially, 
Daubree,  C.  R.,  Ixxx.,  526.  1875. 

Ural, 

Nu<_ 

1881.   "Weight  104-4  grams.     G.  =  17*35  of  platinum;  G.  =  10*446  of  mass  consisting  of 
46  p.  c.  of  platinum^  and  54  p.  c.  of  chromite. 


iiibree,  C.  K.,  Ixxx.,  5^6.  1870. 

Ural,  associated  with  chrysolite,  serpentine,  chromite,  Daubree,  C.  R.,  Ixxx.,  707,  1875. 
Nugget  found  near  Pittsburgh,  N.  Y.,  analysis  by  Collier,  Am.  J.  So.,  III.,  xxi.,  123, 
31.  Weight  104-4  grams.  G.  =  17-35  of  platinum;  G.  =  10*446  of  mass  consisting  of 


PLUMBALLOPHANE. — App.  I.,  p.  12. 
PLUMBIODITE. — App.  II.,  p.  44. 
PLUMBOCUPRITE. — App.  II. ,  p.  44. 

Plumbomanganite.    Hannay,  Min.  Mag.,  i.,  151,  1877. 

Massive,  crystalline.  G.  =  4*01.  Color  dark  steel  gray,  with  a  bronze  tinge  when 
exposed  to  the  air  for  some  time.  Analysis  gave  :  Mn  49-00,  Pb  30'68,  S  20-73  —  100*41, 
for  which  the  formula  3Mn2S  +  PbS  is  suggested.  [An  imperfect  description  of  a  single 
specimen  of  doubtful  homogeneity  and  uncertain  source  is  not  a  satisfactory  basis  for  a 
new  name.] 

Plumbostannite.    A.  Raimondi,  Mineraux  du  Perou,  p.  187,  1878. 

Amorphous;  structure  granular.  H.  —  2.  G.  =  4*5  (too  low  because  of  intermixed 
quartz).  Lustre  feebly  metallic.  Color  gray.  Feel  greasy,  like  graphite.  Slightly  duc- 
tile. Intimately  mixed  with  small  crystals  of  quartz.  Analysis  (deducting  38 '8  p.  c. 
quartz) : 

S  Sb  Sn  Pb  Fe  Zn 

25-14  16-98  16-00  30-66  1018  0-.74     =     100. 

B.  B.  gives  on  charcoal  antimonial  fumes  and  a  lead  coating;  yields  metallic  tin.  Dis- 
solves completely  in  HC1  to  which  a  little  HN03  has  been  added.  With  concentrated  nitric 
acid  leaves  a  white  residue  of  the  oxides  of  tin  and  antimony  and  lead  sulphate.  From  the 
district  of  Moho,  province  of  Huancane,  Peru ;  occurs  with  cassiterite  and  sphalerite.  [Prob- 
ably not  homogeneous.] 

POLLUCITE,  Min.,  p.  249.— dry st.,  Elba,  Corsi,  Z.  Kryst.,  vi.,  200,  1881. 

Anal.,  Elba,  Rammelsberg  (Ber.   Ak.  Berlin,  1878,  9,:  Si02  [48*15],  Ala03  16-31,  Cs20 

30-00,  Na20  2-48,  K20  0*47,  H20  2-59,  corresponding  to  H2R2  [Al2]Si5015.  G.  =  2*868  ; 
another  analysis  is  given  in  ib.,  1880,  669. 

POLYARGYRITE. — App.  I.,  p.   12. 

POLYCRASE,  Min.,  p.  523;  App.  II.,  p.  44.— Cryst.,  Brogger,  Z.  Kryst.,  in.,  484,  1879. 
Anal.,  Smaland,  Sweden,  Blomstrand,  Minnesskrift  Fys.  Sfillsk.,  Lund,  1878,  p.  19  (Z. 
Kryst.,  iv.,  524). 

Polydymite.     II.  Laspeyres,  J.  pr.  Chem.,  II.,  xiv.,  397,  1876. 

Isometric;  in  octahedrons,  frequently  in  polysynthetic  twins,  often  tabular.  Cleavage 
basal  imperfect.  H  =  4-5.  G.  =  4-808-4-816.  Lustre  brilliant  metallic  on  fresh  fracture. 
Color  light  gray,  easily  tarnished.  Analyses,  1,  2,  Laspeyres,  on  0-28  and  0-2  gr. : 

S  M  Co  Fe  Sb  As 

1.        40*27  53-51  0-01  3'84  0-51  1-04     =     99*78. 


2.        39-20  53-13  4*12  1-15  2*30     =     99-90. 


96  APPENDIX  III. 

After  deducting  impurities  (gersdorffite,  ullmannite  5  p.  c.),  anal.  1  becomes  S  41*09,  Ni 
54-30,  Co  0-63,  Fe  3*98  =  100,  and  from  this  the  ratio  is  obtained,  R  :  S  =  4  :  5-096,  cor- 
responding to  Ni4Si5  =  S  40-55,  Ni  59 -45  =  100. 

Insoluble  in  HC1,  soluble  in  HNO:i  with  separation  of  sulphur.  B.  B.  decrepitates,  in 
the  closed  tube  gives  a  sulphur  sublimate  and  fuses  to  a  dark  green  magnetic  bead. 
Occurs  intimately  mixed  with  gersdorffite,  ullmannite,  millerite,  siderite,  quartz,  sphalerite, 
galenite,  bismuthinite,  and  other  minerals,  at  Grunau,  in  Sayn-Altenkirchen,  Westphalia. 
[Closely  related  to  beyrichite  (App.  L,  p.  3),  if  not  identical  with  it.] 

Laspeyres  (ib.,  p.  408)  expresses  the  opinion  that  the  nickelwismuthglanz,  or  saynite  of 
von  Kobell  (griinauite  of  Nicol,  Min.  p.  47),  from  the  same  locality,  isapolydymite/impure 
through  the  admixture  of  bismuthinite,  also  chalcopyrite,  and  galenite.  This,  considering 
the  distinct  crystalline  form  of  the  mineral,  seems,  as  urged  by  Kenngott  (J.  Min.,  1878, 
180),  to  be  doubtful,  although  perhaps  true  of  the  massive  mineral  analyzed  by  von  Kobell. 

POLYHALITE,  Min.,  p.  641;  App.  II.,  p.  U.—PrecM  (Ber.  Chem.  Ges.,  xiv.,  2138,  1881) 
gives  the  following  description  of  KRUGITE,  a  supposed  new  mineral  near  polyhalite,  found 
at  the  salt  works  of  New  Stassfurt  :  Crystalline.  H.  —  3 -5.  G.  =  2-801.  According  to  a 
microscopic  and  optical  examination,  a  homogeneous  compound.  Analyses: 

CaS04          MgS04         KoS04          H20          NaCl 

1.  63-15  13-71  18-60  416  0"38     =     100. 

2.  63-85  13-34  17-85  4-20  0-80    =     100-04. 

Calculated  formula  :  KoS04  -f  MgS04  +  4CaS04  +  2aq,  requiring  :  CaS04  62-24,  MgS04 
13-74,  KoS04  19-90,  H20  412  =  100.  In  cold  water  the  magnesium  sulphate  is  dissolved, 
and  gypsum  and  the  double  salt  K2S04  +  CaS04  +  2aq  are  left  insoluble;  in  hot  water  the 
magnesium  and  potassium  sulphates  are  dissolved  out,  and  only  thegypsumls  left  behind. 
Named  for  the  Mining  Director,  D.  Krug,  v.  Nidda. 

Posepnyte.     J.  von  ScJirocldnger,  Verh.  G.  Reichs.,  1877,  128. 

In  plates  and  nodules,  sometimes  brittle,  sometimes  hard.  Color  generally  dirty  light 
green.  G.  =  0-85-0-95.  Separated  by  ether  into  two  parts;  analyses  by  Dietrich,  (1),  of 
the  portion  soluble  in  ether  ;  (2),  the  insoluble  portion : 

C  H  0 

1.  71-84  9-95  1821     =     100. 

2.  84-27  11-74  3'99     =     100. 

The  insoluble  •  portion  is  regarded  as  being  ozocerite,  and  for  the  rest  the  formula 
C22H3604  is  calculated,  requiring,  C  72-52,  H  9-89,  0  17-59  =  100.  From  the  Great 
Western  mercury  mine,  Lake  Co.,  California. 

PREDAZZITE. — Min.,  p.  708;  App.  II.,  p.  45. 

PREHNITE,  Min.,  p.  410;  App.  II.,  p.  45.— Cryst.,  Zoptau,  v.  Rath,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  254 
1880. 

Pyro-electrical  properties,  Hcmkel,  Wied.  Ann.,  vi.,  55,  1879. 

Anal,  (and  cryst.),  Tuscany,  Corsi,  Boll.  Com.  Geol.,  1878,  54;  1879,  155.  Monte 
Catini  (prehnito'id),  Bechi,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  399;  Trans.  Accad.  Line.,  III.,  iii.,  114.  1879. 
Kuchelbad,  near  Prague,  Preis  and  Vrba,  Ber.  Bohm.  Ges.,  1879,  p.  468.  Between  Huan- 
cavelica  and  Ayacucho,  Prov.  d'Angaraes,  Peru,  anal,  (by  Saldan),  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou, 
313,  1878.  Templeton,  Canada,  Harrington,  Geol.  Canada,  1878. 

Chlorastrolite  (Min.,  p.  412)  is  shown  by  Hawcs  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  x.,  25,  1875)  to  be 
essentially &B  impure  prehnite.  An  analysis  gave  him:  SiO3  87*41,  AljO3  24-62,  fceaUi 
2-21,  FeO  1-18,  MgO  3-46,  CaO  22-20,  Na',0  0-32  (|),  H20  7-72  =  99-75.  A  microscopic 
examination  proved  the  want  of  homogeneity. 

Zonochlorite  (Appendix  II.,  p.  63)  is  probably  also  an  impure  prehnite;  Haws  (Am  3. 
Sc.,  III.,  x.,  24,  1875)  obtained  from  an  analysis  of  a  dark  green  specimen:  Si02  3  94, 
A1203  19-41,  Fe.,0,  6-80,  FeO  4-5  K  MgO  2-48,  CaO  22-77,  Na20  tr.,  HaO  8-40  =  100-34. 
Microscopic  examination  showed  the  presence  of  green  earthy  particles  as  impurities,  dis 
seminated  through  a  white  mineral. 


APPENDIX  in.  97 

PRICEITE,  App.  II.,  p.  45. — A  mineral,  apparently  identical  with  priceite,  has  been  called 
PANDERMITE  by  wm  Rath,  Ber.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn,  July  2,  1877.  Massive,  finely  crystal- 
line resembling  marble.  Color  snow  white.  H.  =  3.  G.  —  2'48.  Calculated  composition, 
Ca.BoOn  +  3aq=  B,03  55-85.  CaO  29'79,  H20  14-36  =  100.  Analyses,  1,  vom  Rath;  2, 
Pis'ani,  Min.,  p.  215,  Paris,  1875 

Bo03  CaO  FeO  MgO  K20  H,0 

1.  [54-59]  29-33  0'30  0-15  0-18  15-45     =     100. 

2.  [50-1]  32-0  17-9       =     100. 

Occurs  in  more  or  less  irregular  lumps  or  nodules  of  varying  size  up  to  a  ton,  in  gray 
gypsum,  at  Panderma,  on  the  Black  Sea. 

Proidonina — PROIDONITE.  A.  Scacchi,  Att.  Accad.  Napoli,  vi.,  1873  (Contrib.  Min.,  ii., 
65). 

Silicon  fluoride  (SiF4),  observed  in  the  exhalations  at  Vesuvius  at  the  time  cf  the 
eruption  in  1872. 

PROUSTITE,  Min.,  p.  96;  App,  II.,  p.  45. — Cryst.,  Chanarcillo,  Chili,  Streng,  J.-  Min., 
1878,  900. 

PSEUDOAPATTTE,  Min.,  p.  531.— Pseudomorphous  after  pyromorphite,  from  the  Chur- 
prinz  mine,  near  Freiberg;  analysis:  Pa08  39'28,  CaO  56'66,  SO3  l-4i,  C02[2'G4],  Cl  tr. 
=  100,  Frenzel,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  iii.,  364,  1880. 

Pseudobrookite.  A.  Koch,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  i..  77,  344,  1878;  Gonnard,  Mem.  Ac. 
Lyon,  xxiv.,  161,  1879-80;  Schmidt,  Z.  Kryst.,  vi.,  100,  1881. 

Orthorhombic  ;  in  thin  tabular  (parallel  *-f)  rectangular  crystals,  resembling  some  forms 
of  brookite.  Planes  (Groth,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  306),  i-l,  i-t,  I,  *-2,  l-l,  ^-4,  1-fc,  1-3;  w  A  / 
=  135°  54',  i-l  A  1-2  =  138°  41'.  Cleavage  brachydiagonal,  distinct;  i-i  vertically  stri- 
ated. II  =6.  G.  —  4*98.  Lustre  adamantine  on  crystalline  faces,  on  fracture  surfaces 
greasy.  Color  dark  brown  to  black ;  the  thinnest  crystals  red  and  translucent.  Streak 
ochre  yellow.  Fracture  uneven  to  subconchoidal. 

Analysis  (on  01  gr.)  :  TiO,  52-74,  Fe2O3  42 -29,  ign.  0'69,  A1203,  CaO,  MgO,  Si02  tr.  = 
95*72;  the  state  of  oxidation  of  the  iron  is  in  doubt.  The  author  regards  it  as  dimor- 
phous with  menaccanite.  B.  B.  nearly  infusible;  reacts  for  iron  and  titanium  with  the 
fluxes.  Decomposed  in  part  by  boiling  II Cl,  wholly  so  by  H2SO4.  Found  with  szaboite,  in 
cavities  in  the  andesite  of  the  Aranyer  Berg,  Transylvania;  also  with  szaboite  and  tridy- 
mite  in  the  trachyte  of  Riveau  Grand,  Monte  Dore. 

Groth  (1.  c.)  shows  that  the  crystallographic  determinations  of  Koch  are  faulty,  and  that 
the  crystals  may  be  referred  to  the  axes  of  brookite  by  making  i-l  the  basal  plane,  with 
which  it  may  be  identical,  only  differing  in  the  large  amount  of  iron.  Vom  Rath,  how- 
ever (Ber.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn,  March  3,  1879),  thinks  this  improbable,  on  the  ground  that, 
with  this  change  of  position,  the  analogy  with  brookite  in  the  vertical  striation  would  no 
longer  exist ;  he  also  urges  that,  as  yet,  no  one  of  the  three  forms  of  Ti02  has  been  found  in 
volcanic  rocks. 

Pseudocotunnite.    A.  ScaccJii,  Att.  Accad.  Napoli,  vi.,  1873  (Contrib.  Min.,  ii.,  38). 
Observed  in  acicular  yellow  opaque  crystals,  destitute  of  lustre,  accompanying  cotunnite, 
at  Vesuvius,  as  a  result  of  the  eruption  of  1872.     Composition  probably  PbCl2  +  KC1. 

PSEUDOMALACHITE,  Min.,  p.  568;  App.  II.,  p.  tf.—Schrauf  (Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  i.,  1879)  uses 
Bernhardi's  name,  LUNNITE,  for  the  group  of  minerals  which  have  been  included  (see  Min.) 
under  PSEUDOMALACHITE,  on  the  hardly  sufficient  ground  that  the  latter  name  suggests  only 
the  indistinctly  crystalline  or  massive  forms,  which  resemble  malachite.  For  the  crystalline 
varieties,  which  are  pseudo-monoclinic  (triclinic),  have  G.  =  4-4,  and  correspond  mostly  to 
Cu5P2H4012,  he  uses  the  name  dihydrite  (D);  they  show  no  loss  at  200°.  The  names 
ehlite  (E)  and  phosphorocalcite  (P)  he  gives  to  the  compounds  CuaP2HflOi3  and  Cu6P2Hr)Oi4, 
respectively,  and  regards  the  three  as  entering  in  varying  proportions  to  form  the  different 
massive  varieties ;  the  latter  have  a  lower  specific  gravity,  and  lose  water  on  ignition  at 
200°.  Analyses:  1,  "dihydrite,"  crystalline  variety  from  Rheinbreitbach ;  2,  "ehlite,"  in 

7 


98  APPENDIX  III. 

light  grayish  green  hemispherical  forms,  from  Ehl ;  3,  pseudom&lachite,  resembling  mala- 
chite in  structure,  from  Nischne-Tagilsk ;  4,  spherical  form,  with  concentric  structure, 
deep  emerald  green,  from  Libethen. 

P,05  CuO  H20 

1.  G.  =  4-309        23-86  69 -25  6'76,  FeO  0-19  =  100-06. 

2.  G.  =  4-102        22-07  66-97  7-59,  FeO  0-30,  SiO,  3-01  =  99-94. 

3.  G.  =4-175        23-23  6902  8-09  =  100-34. 

4.  G.  =  4-156        22-16  69-11  8-02,  FeO  0-22,  Si02  0-11  =  99=62. 

According  to  Schrauf's  view,  anal.  1  corresponds  to  a  molecular  mixture  of  3D  -\-  IP; 
2,  after  deducting  8*8  p.  c.  chrysocolla  (CuH2Si04  +  aq),  to  simply  "dihydrite;"  3,  to 
I)  +  E  4-  P;  4,  to  4P  +  2E  +  D;  where  the  letters  D,E,P  have  the  values  explained  above. 
[A  more  extended  chemical  study  of  these  minerals,  with  regard  to  the  possible  mechanical 
mixtures  in  the  massive  varieties  with  concentric  structure,  is  needed  to  establish  the  value 
of  this  very  artificial  hypothesis.] 

Pseudonatrolite.  Grattarola,  Att.  Soc.  Tosc.,  iv.,  229,  1879  (Boll.  Com.  Geol.,  1872, 
284). 

Orthorhombic(?).  In  minute,  needle-like  crystals,  0*5  mm.  thick;  crystals  not  termin- 
ated, six  planes  in  the  prismatic  zone.  Extinction  parallel  to  the  axis.  H.  =  5-6.  Lustre 
vitreous  to  pearly.  Colorless,  white  in  the  mass.  Analysis : 

Si02        A1203        CaO       MgO      LisO,Na20,K20       H20 
(I)    62-64        14-76        8'54          tr.  ~T5T~  14-82     =     101-76 

B.  B.  fuses  less  readily  than  natrolite.  Partially  soluble  in  HC1.  From  the  granite  of 
San  Piero,  Elba.  [Needs  further  examination.] 

PSEUDOPHITE. — See  Penninite,  p.  90. 

PSILOMELANE,  Min.,  p.  180.—  Salm  Chateau,  Belgium,  analyses,  discussion  of  composi- 
tion, Laspeyres,  J.  pr.  Ch.,  II.,  xiii.,  1,  176,  1876.  Laspeyres  mentions  especially  the 
"lithium-psilomelane,"  or  LITHIOPHORITE,  as  described  by  Frenzel  (App.  I.,  p.  9). 

'According  to  Weisbach,  the  kakochlor,  from  Rengersdorf,  near  Goiiitz,  belongs  with 
lithiophorite.  An  analysis  by  Iwaya  is  quoted  by  him  (J.  Min.,  1878,  846),  and  a  second  is 
quoted  by  Frenzel,  J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  113  (see  also  J.  Min.,  1879,  55). 

A  variety  of  psilomelane,  from  Kalteborn,  is  called  CALVONIGRITE  by  Laspeyres,  J.  pr. 
Ch.,  II.,  xiii.,  226,  1876. 

Psittacinite.  F.  A.  GentTi,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xii.,  35,  1876.  New  tellurate  of  lead  and 
copper,  id.,  Proc.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  xiv.,  229,  1874  (Appendix  II.,  p.  55). 

In  thin  crypto-crystalline  coatings,  sometimes  small  mammillary  or  botryoidal ;  also  pul. 
verulent.  Color  siskin-green  to  olive-green,  sometimes  with  grayish  tint.  Analyses, 
Genth  (1.  c.),  on  material  more  or  less  impure  through  admixture  of  quartz  and  limonite  : 

V205         PbO         CuO        H.,0          Si02       Al,03    Fe203      MgO       CaO 
1.       15-87        42-89        14-72      undet.       10-10        3-83        2-19        0-65        0'15. 


2.       14-64        41-36        14-34        7'42         15  "13        1-29        2'72  undet. 


3.      15-77        42-38        15-03        7-25         15-57  4-00. 


4.  9-96        27-12          9-75      undet.  48'84. 

5.  19-05        50-17        16-66      undet.  7'60. 

The  mean  quantivalent  ratio  deduced  from  the  above  for  Pb :  Cu :  V :  H  =  1 : 0'98 : 2-25  : 
2-15=9:9:20:18,  corresponding  to  the  formula  3PbaVo08  +  Cu3V.,0«  +  6CuII202  + 
12aq,  which  requires  :  V205  19-32,  PbO  53-15,  CuO  18-95,  H20  8'58  =  100.  Related  to 


APPENDIX  in.  99 

chileite,  Min.,  p.  612.     B.  B.  fuses  easily  to  a  black,  shining  mass.     Reacts  for  lead,  cop- 
per, and  vanadium  with  the  fluxes.     Soluble  in  dilute  nitric  acid. 

Occurs  associated  with  gold,  cerussite,  chaleopyritc,  and  limonite,  on  quartz,  at  the  Iron 
Rod  mine,  and  New  Career  mine,  in  the  Silver  Star  District,  Montana.  Named  from  psit- 
tacinus,  siskin  or  parrot  green. 


at  the 


PYRARGYRITE,  Min.,  p.  94;  App.  II.,  p  45. — Cryst.,  Audreasberg,  vom  Rath,  Pogg.  Ann., 
clviii.,  422,  1876.  Chanaroillo,  Chili,  Streny,  J.  Min.,  1878,  913;  also  anal.  (p.  916)  show- 
ing 3*8  p.  c.  As.  Andreasberg,  Freiberg,  etc.,  Groth,  Min.-Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  62, 

1878. 

PYRICHROLITE. — App.  II.,  p.  45. 

PYRITE,  Min.,  p.  62  ;  App.  II.,  p.  45.— Cryst.,  Waldenstein,  Carinthia,  ffelmhacker, 
Min.  Mitth.,  1876,  1:3.  V.  Kolcscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  viii.,  190,  1878.  Groth,  Min.-Samml. 
Stnissburg,  p.  31,  1878.  Ordubad,  Russian  Armenia,  Websky,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxxi.,  222, 
1879.  Przibrarn,  Vrba,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  357,  1880.  .  Bockstein,  Salzburg,  v.  Zepharovich, 
Lotos,  1875  (Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  270,  1880).  Crystallo-genetic  observations,  Scharff,  Abh.  Senck. 
Ges.,  1878. 

Recent  formation  at  Bonrbonne-les-Bains,  DaubrSe,  C.  R.,  Ixxx.,  605,  1875. 

Analyses,  Girard  and  Moriit,  Ann.  Oh.  Phys.,  V.,  vii.,  229,  1876. 

PYRITOLAMPRITE. — App.  II. ,  p.  46. 

PYROAURITE,  Min.,  p.  179.— Described  by  Reddle  (Min.  Mag.,  ii.,  107, 1878),  from  the 
island  of  Haaf-Grunay,  Scotland.  Occurs  in  thin  seams  in  serpentine.  Structure  obscurely 
fibrous.  Color  silvery  white.  Lustre  pearly.  Analyses  : 

Fe,03  MgO  H.,0  C02 

1.  22-13  37-80  39-27  1-0:3  =  100-22. 

2.  22-45  37-57  39*51  1-03  =  100-56. 

3.  23-63  36-^5  40-02  =  100-50. 

B.  B.  infusible,  becomes  chocolate  brown,  and  strongly  magnetic.  Soluble  in  acids. 
Heddle  proposes  to  call  this  mineral  IUELSTROMITE  (after  the  discoverer),  instead  of  pyroau- 
rite,  on  the  ground  that  the  golden  color  is  not  essential. 

PYROCHLORE,  Min.,  p.  512;  App.  II.,  p.  46.— See  Ilatchettolite,  p.  56. 

PYROCHROITE,  Min.,  p.  177. — Mossgrufva,  Wermland,  Sjogren,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  531, 
1875  ;  in.,  181,  1876;  iv.,  159,  1878.  Nordenskidld  (anal,  by  Stahre),  iv.,  163,  1878.  Oc- 
curs with  manganosite  (q.  v.). 

Pyroconite. — See  Pachnolite,  p.  88. 

Pyro'idesine.  C.  U.  Shepard,  Cat.  Meteorites,  1872. — A  substance  near  serpentine.  The 
mean  of  two  analyses  gave  :  SiOa  42-45,  MgO  33-07,  FeO  6*85,  H20  16 '40.  De  Regla, 
Cuba. 


PYROLUSITE,  Min..   p.  165  ;  App.  II.,  p.  46.— Formed  artificially,  Hannay,  Min. 

Groth  shows  (Min.-Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  112,  1878),  on  the  basis  of  measurements  by 
Hirsch,  that  /A  /=  99°  30 . 

Composition  of  the  "Braunstein"  group  discussed,  Laspeyres,  J.  pr.  Ch.,  II.,  xiii.,  176, 
215,  1876. 


100  APPENDIX  III. 

From  Gosalpur,  Jabalpur  distr.,  India,  anal.  F.  R.  Mallet,  Rec.  Geol.  Surv.  India,  xii. 
99,  1879. 

PYROMORPHITE,  Min.,  p.  535;  App.  II.,  p.  45. — Cry st.,  Mine  Friedrichssegen,  in  Nassau, 
Seligmann,  Verb.  Nat.  Ver.  Bonn,  xxxiii.,  257,  1876. 

Baumhauer  shows  by  the  results  of  etching  with  solvents,  that  the  crystals  are  pyramid- 
ally hemihedral,  J.  Min.,  1876,  411. 

On  the  relation  of  uniaxial  pyromorphite  to  biaxial  mimetite,  Bertrand,  Bull.  Soc.  Min., 
iv.,  36;  Jannettaz,  ib.,  p.  39,  1881;  Jannettaz  and  Michel,  ib.,  p.  196  (see  Mimetite, 
p.  81). 

Anal.,  Dernbach,  Nassau,  Bilger,  J.  Min.,  1879,  133. 

Pyrophosphorite.     (7.  U.  Shepard,  Jr.,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xv.,  49,  1878. 

Massive,  earthy.  H.  =  L-3'5.  G.  =  2-50-2-53.  Color  snow-white,  dull;  also  in  part 
bluish  gray,  with  small  botryoidal  structure.  Analyses  :  Shepard  (1.  c.),  1,  mean  of  two 
analyses ;  2,  same,  after  deducting  impurities. 

P205        MgO        CaO  Fe203,Al203  S03        Si03        ign. 

1.  (f)      50-80        3-09        44-46        0'44        0'63        O'«i6        0'39     =     100-17. 

2.  51-67        3-17        45-16    =     100. 

From  2,  above,  the  following  formula  is  calculated  :  Mg2Po07  +  4(Ca3P,O,  +  Ca2P207), 
which  requires  :  P205  51 '57,  CaO  45^0,  MgO  3  23  =  100.  Named  in  allusion  to  its  appar- 
ent composition  as  a  pyrophosphate.  From  the  West  Indies  ;  exact  locality,  unknown. 
[Was  the  material  analyzed  homogeneous  ?  Needs  further  examination.] 

PYROPHYLLITE,  Min.,  p.  454;  App.  II.,  p.  46. — Analyses,  Helmliacker,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth., 
ii.,  256,  1879.  Dewalque,  Bull.  Soc.  Geol.  Belg.,  vi.,  150,  151,  1879.  As  petrifying  mate- 
rial, Oenth,  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  Philad.,  xviii.,  259,  1879.  A  related  mineral  from  Delsbo, 
Helsingland,  Jolin,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  i.,  237,  1873. 

PYROSMALITE,  Min.,  p.  414;  App.  II.,  p.  46. — Nordmark,  anal,  and  discussion  of  compo- 
sition, Ludwig,  Min.  Mitth.,  1875,  211.  Occurrence  at  the  Kogrufva  (formerly  Bjelkes- 
grufva),  Nordmark,  Sjogren,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  409,  1875.  Dannemora,  Sweden,  anal., 
Engstrdm,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iii.,  116,  1876. 

PYROSTILPNITE,  Min.,  p.  93. — Probable  occurrence  at  Schemnitz,  Hungary,  Becke,  Min. 
Petr.  Mitth.,  ii.,  94,  1879. 

A  mineral  from  Chanarcillo,  Chili,  is  described  by  Streng  as  pyrostilpnite  (J.  Min.,  1878, 
917) ;  but  Schrauf  shows  that  it  has  the  same  form  as  rittingerite,  as  determined  by  him 
(J.  Min.,  1879,  144),  and  the  true  character  of  it  is  still  in  doubt,  Streng,  J.  Min.,  1879, 
547. 

PYROXENE,  Min.,  p.  212;  App,  II.,  p.  46. — Cryst.  (augite),  Bell,  near  Laach,  Laspeyres, 
Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  203,  1877.  Nordmark,  Sjogren,  Geoi.  For.  Forh ,  iv.,  364,  1879.  Achmatowsk, 
Ural,  lamellar  twin  growth,  vom  Rath,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  495,  1881.  Nordmark,  Lehmann, 
Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  532,  18S1.  Von  Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  viii.,  i234,  1881. 

Thermo-electrical  characters,  Hankel,  Wied.  Ann.,  i.,  279,  1877. 

Augite  and  biotite  crystals,  in  parallel  position,  do.  hornblende,  Vesuvius,  vom  Rath, 
J.  Min.,  1876,  389.  Analyses  of  augite  and  hornblende  associated  together,  Hawes,  Am. 
J.  Sc,,  III.,  xvi.,  397  (Report  Min.  Lith.  New  Hampshire,  p.  63). 

Anal,  (diopside),  Nordmarksberg,  Nauckhoff,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  i.,  167,  1873.  Langban 
(richterite),  Engstrom,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  469,  1875.  Finland  (malacolite),  CEfv.  Finsk. 
Vet.  Soc.,  xvii.,  70,  71,  1874-5.  Santorin,  Fouqut,  C.  R.,  Ixxx.,  Mar.,  1875.  Altered  to 
uralite,  Harrington,  Geol,  Canada,  1878.  Kaiserstuhl  (3 -55  p.  c.  Ti02),  Knop,  Z.  Kryst., 
i.,  64,  1877.  Wallenfels,  near  Dillenburg  (chromdiopside),  Oebbeke,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  104. 
Dun  Mt.,  New  Zealand,  Hilger,  J.  Min.,  1879,  129.  Amherst  Co.,  Va.,  Page,  Ch.  News, 
xlii.,  194,  1880.  Wiesenthal,  Baden  (diallage),  Petersen,  J.  Min.,  1831,  1,  264. 

Analyses  of  Scottish  varieties,  with  discussion  of  the  products  of  alteration,  Heddle, 
Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  Ed.,  xxviii.,  453,  1878. 

Discussion  of  composition,  with  analyses,  Ddlter,  Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  65;  Min.  Petr. 
Mitth.,  i.,  49,  1878;  ii.,  193,  1879;  iii.,  450,  1880. 


APPENDIX  in.  101 

Artificially  made  (augite),  vom  Rath,  Ber.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn,  July  2,  1877;  do.,  diopside, 
Qruner,  C.  R.,  Ixxxvii.,  937,  1878. 

PYRRHITE,  Min.,  p.  763;  App.  II.,  p.  46.— See  Microlite,  p.  80. 

PYRRHOTITE,  Min.,  p.  58;  App.  II.,  p.  46. — Cryst.,  twin,  Elizabethtown,  Ontario  (anal, 
by  Harrington),  E.  S.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  xi.,  386,  1876.  Bottino,  Italy,  Grattarola, 
Boll.  Com.  GeoL,  1876;  D'Achiardi,  Att.  Soc.  Tosc.,  ii.,  114,  1876.-  Auerbach,  Roth,  Ber. 
Oberhess.  Ges.  Nat.  Heilk.,  1878,  45.  Chaiiarcillo,  Chili,  Streng,  J.  Min.,  1878,  925.  Streng 
urges  that  pyrrhotite  is  isomorphous  with  sternbergite,  and  should  be  regarded  as  ortho- 
rhombic,  with  pseudo-hexagonal  symmetry  due  to  twinning  (see  Sternbergite,  p.  115. 

Anal.,  Todtmoos  (1'8  p.  c.  Ni),  Mutschler,  Ann.  Ch.  Pliarm.,  clxxxv.,  208.  American 
specimens,  containing  Ni,  How,  Min.  Mag.,  i.,  124,  1877.  Poison's  Lake,  N.  S.  (0'77  Ni), 
Harrington,  Can.  Nat.,  II.,  ix.,  307,  1880. 

Analyses  with  discussion  of  composition,  Lindstrom,  (Efv.  Ak.  Stockh  ,  xxxii.,  No  2, 
25,  1875;  Habermehl,  Ber.  Oberhess.  Ges.  Nat.  Heilk.,  xviii.,  83,  1879. 

QUARTZ,  Min.,  p.  189;  App.  II.,  p.  46.— Cryst.,  La  Gardette,  Dauphine,  twin  (P2) 
Gonnard,  Verh.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn,  xxxi.,  139,  1874.  Japan,  twin  with  inclined  axes,  vom 
Rath,  Pogg.  Ann.,  civ.,  57,  1875.  Twin  (i-2),  Oroth,  Pogg.  Ann.,  clviii.,  220, 1876.  Ober- 
stein,  v.  Lasaulx,  J.  Min.,'  1876,  264.  On  calcite  crystals  in  parallel  position,  pseudo-twins 
i-2,  E.  S.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  xii.,  448,  1816  (see  also  J.  Min.,  1876,  171,  405,  730).  With 
basal  plane,  Lehman,  Ber.  Nat.  Ges.  Leipzig,  March  12,  1875 ;  Naskelyne,  Z.  Kryst ,  i.,  67. 
Brazilian  amethysts,  Groth,  Z.  Kryst,  i.,  297,  1877.  Pyrogene  quartz  in  lava,  Lehmann, 
Verh.  Nat.  Ver.  Bonn,  xxxiv.,  2)3,  1877.  Kremnitz,  vom  Rath,  Ber.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn, 
Dec.  3,  1877  (Z.  Kryst  ,  ii.,  09,  1878).  Groth,  Min.-Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  92,  1878.  Strie- 
gau,  Silesia,  Websky,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxx.,  374,  1878.  Bohemia,  Krejci,  Ber.  Ges.  Bohm  , 
1879,  30.  Reichenstein,  Silesia,  Hare,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv  ,  298.  Zoptau,  Moravia,  vom  Rath, 
Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  1,  1830.  Dissentis,  vom  Rath,  Ber.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn,  Nov.  8,  1H80.  Remark- 
able crystals  from  Alexander  Co.,  N.  C.,  Hidden,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxii.,  23,  1881.  Von 
Kokschnrof,  Min  Russl.,  viii.,  127,  1881. 

Crystallo-genetie  observations,  Scharff,  Abhandl.  Senck.  Nat.  Ges.,  1874;  J.  Min.,  1876, 
168.  Containing  liquid  carbon  dioxide  (CO,,),  ILniley,  J.  Ch.  Soc.,  II.,  xiv.,  137,  237. 
Containing  C02  and  NaCl,  from  pegmatite,  in  Norway,  'Hcttand,  Arch.  Math.  Nat.  Christ. , 
ii.,  445,  1877.  Middlefield,  N.  Y.,  inclosures,  Hirschwald,  J.  Min.,  1879,  378  ;  Lewis, 
Pr.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  1880,  2<)3.  Inclosing  much  C02,  Branch ville,  Conn.,  and  other 
localities  (smoky  quartz\  Hawes,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxi.,  203,  1881.  Analysis  of  gases  in 
Branchville  smoky  quartz  (CO,,N,H2S,S02,1I3N,F),  A.  W.  Wright,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxi., 
209,  1881. 

Rotatory  effect  for  heat  rays  of  spectrum,  Dcsains,  C.  R.,  Ixxxiv.,  1056;  same  for 'ultra- 
violet, Soret  and  Sarasin,  ib;,  Ixxxiv.,  1362.  Accurate  determination  of  indices  of  refrac- 
tion for  different  rays,  Sarasin,  C.  R.,  Ixxxv.,  1230,  1878.  Circular  polarization  for  differ- 
ent tempsraturcs,  Joubert,  C.  R,,  Ixxxvii.,  497,  1878;  Sohncke,  Wied.  Ann.,iii.,  516,  1878; 
von  Lang,  Pogg.  Ann.,  clvi.,  422,  1875.  Pyro-electric  characters,  Hankel,  Wied.  Ann., 
x.,  618.  Specific  gravity  determinations,  Church,  Geol.  Mag.,  II.,  ii.,  321,  1875. 

Made  artificially,  Hautefeuille,  C.  R.,  Ixxxvi.,  1133,  1194,  1878;  xc.,  830,  1880  (Bull. 
So-.  Min.,  i.,  1,  1878);  also  Friedel  and  Sarasin,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii.,  113,  1879. 

A  variety  of  quartz,  having  a  "peculiar  metallic  pearly  lustre,"  and  forming  a  coating 
on  ordinary  quartz  crystals,  has  been  called  COTTERITE  by  Harkness  (Min.  Mag.,  ii.,  82,* 
1878),  from  Rocki'ores't,  Ireland. 

An  impure  variety  of  silica,  occurring  in  white  earthy  masses,  is  called  PASSYITE  by  E. 
Marchand,  Ann.  Ch.,  Phys.,  V.,  i.,  292,  1874. 

RABDIOiaTE. — App.   I  ,  p.   13. 

Rabdophane. — See  Rhabdopliane,  p.  103. 

RAIMONDITE,  Min.,  p.  656.— Optical  characters,  Des  Cloizeaux,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  41, 

1881. 

RALSTONITE,  App.  I.,  p.  13;  II.,  p.  47.— Analogous  to  garnet  in  optical  character,  bkx- 


102  APPENDIX  III. 

ial,  with  an  angle  of  90°  (see  p.  50),  Bert-rand,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  34,  1881.  Accord- 
ing to  Brandt,  quoted  by  Groth  (Tabell.  TI^I™^  Mi™  r,  AO  io«  i6«a^  tv.0  tn«o  f™.mnia 
is  3(Nao,Mg,Ca)F2  +  8[A12]FC  +  6H,0. 


RAMMELSBERGITE,  Min.,  p.  77;  App.  II.,  p.  47. — Anal.,  Portezuelo  del  Carrizo,  Dept.  of 
Huasco,  Chili,  Domeyko,  Min.  Chili,  3d  ed.,  p.  186,  1879. 

Randite.  A  canary-yellow  incrustation  on  granite,  at  Frankford,  near  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  is  described  by  Konig  (Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1878,  408)  as  a  hydrous  carbon- 
ate of  calcium  and  uranium.  He  gives  an  analysis,  made  on  a  very  small  amount  (0'047 
gr.)  of  impure  material  :  [C02  29-34],  U203  31  '63,  CaO  32'50,  H20  6'68  =  100.  T.  D.  Rand 
(ib.,  1880,  274)  shows  that  the  coating  consists  largely  of  calcite,  and  after  this  has  been 
removed  by  acetic  acid,  there  remain  the  unattacked  tufts  of  acicular  crystals  of  randite ; 
these,  dissolved  in  hydrochloric  acid,  yielded  largely  of  calcium  and  uranium,  with  a  trace 
of  phosphoric  acid,  alumina,  etc.  He  justly  adds,  that  further  investigation  is  needed  to 
establish  the  composition  of  the  mineral. 

RAUITE. — App.  II.,  p.  47. 

REALGAR  Min  ,  p.  26. — Oryst.,  Binnenthal,  Groth,  Min.-Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  20, 1878. 
Fletcher,  Phil.  Mag...  V.,  ix.,  189,  1880. 

Occurrence  in  trachyte,  of  Tolfa,  Rome,  Italy,  Sella,  Accad.  Line.  Trans.,  III.,  i.,  66, 
1877.  In  Iron  Co.,  Utah,  W.  P.  Blake,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxi.,  219,  1881. 

Reddingite.  Gr.  J.  Brush  and  E.  S.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xvi.,  120,  1878;  ibid., 
xvii.,  365,  1879. 

•  Orthorhombic,  habit  octahedral.  Axes,  c  (vert.)  :b:  a  =  1  '0930  : 
1-1524:1.  Observed  planes  (see  figure):  \(p\  1-2  (q\  i-l(b}. 
I  A  /=  1)8°  6',  p  A  p  =  114°  44'  and  =  103°  10'  (terminal)  =  110° 
43'  (basal);  q/\  q  =  144°  30'.  Also  granular,  massive.  Cleavage 
distinct  in  one  direction.  H.  =  3-3  5.  G.  =  3  102.  Lustre  vitre- 
ous to  sub-resinous.  Color  pale  rose-pink  to  yellowish-white, 
sometimes  dark  reddish-brown  on  surface  from  alteration. 
Translucent  to  transparent.  Fracture  uneven.  Brittle.  For- 
mula: Mn3P2O8  +  3aq.  Percentage  composition  :  P205  34'72,  MnO 
f>2-08,  H2O  13  20  =  100.  Analyses:  1,  II.  L.  Wells,  after  deduct- 
ing 12-08"  p.  c.  quartz  ;  2,  after  deducting  4-43  p.  c.  quartz. 

P806        FeO        MnO       CaO       Na20  HQ0 

1      (|)    34-52        5-43        46-29        0'78        0  31  (Li20  tr.)        13-08     =     100'41. 
2.  35-16        789        43"22        0'71        12*27     =       99-25. 

In  the  closed  tube,  first  whitens,  then  turns  yellow,  and  finally  brown,  but  does  not 
become  magnetic.  Fuses  in  the  naked  lamp-flame.  B.  B.  colors  the  flame  pale  green,  and 
fuses  easily  to  a  blackish-brown  non-magnetic  globule.  Reacts  for  manganese  and  iron 
with  the  fluxes.  Soluble  in  acids.  Occurs  sparingly  at  Branch ville,  Fairfield  Co.,  Conn.,  inti- 
mately associated  with  fillowite,  fairfieldite,  dickinsonite,  in  a  vein  of  albitic  granite.  Black 
octahedral  crystals,  pseudomorphs  after  reddingite,  are  also  found.  Named  from  Redding, 
the  name  of  the  town  in  which  the  locality  is  situated. 

In  crystalline  form,  reddingite  is  closely  related  to  scorodite  and  strengite,  but  differs 
from  them  in  composition,  containing  but  three  equivalents  of  water,  and  having  the 
metals  in  the  protoxide  state. 

REDONITE. — App.  I.,  p.  13. 
Reichardtite. — See  Epsomite,  p.  42. 

Reinite.  K,  v.  Fritsch,  Z.  gesammt.  Nat.  III.,  iii.,  864,  1878;  LMcckc,  J.  Min.,  1879, 
286 

~  Tetragonal:    c  (vert.)  =  1-279  (approx.).      In  octahedral  crystals,  with   l-i  as  narrow 
truncation  ;    1  A  1  =  122°   8'   (basal)  =  103°  32'  (pyr.).     Cleavage,  /,  indistinct,     H.  =  4. 


APPENDIX  in.  103 

G.  =  6-640.     Lustre  dull,  submetallic.     Color  blackish  brown.     Streak  brown.     Opaque, 
except  in  the  thinnest  splinters.     Fracture  uneven.     Analysis,  E.  Schmidt  : 

WO  3  FeO 

75-47  24-33  CaO,  MgO  tr.  =  99'80. 

Formula  :  FeWO,  =  W03  76/31,  FeO  23'68  =  100.  Same  composition  as  wolframite, 
but  differs  in  form  ;  probably  isomorphous  with  scheelite  and  wulfenite.  B.  B.  fuses 
to  a  dark  brown  slaggy  bead,  which  is  not  magnetic.  With  salt  of  phosphorus  in  0.  F., 
brownish  red,  in  R.  F.,  with  metallic  tin,  grayish  green.  In  aqua  regia  dissolves,  with 
the  separation  of  yellow  tungsten  trioxide.  Occurs  with  large  quartz  crystals,  from 
Kimbosan,  in  Kei,  Japan.  Named  for  Prof.  Rein,  of  Marburg,  who  brought  the  mineral 
from  Japan.  [A  pseudomorph  ?J 

REISSITE,  App.  I. ,  p.  14.— See  EpistilUte,  p.  42. 
RESANITE.— App.  II.,  p.  48. 

RESIN. — Anal.,  Greenland,  Chydenius,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  ii.,  549,  1875.  Oberschlesien, 
v.Lasaulx,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  345,  1881.  For  various  fossil  resins,  see  list  on  p.  xiii, 

RESTORMELITE. — App.  I.,  p.  13. 

RETINITE.  Pitchstone  (Des  Cloizeaux,  Min.,  p.  346),  from  Russia,  anal.,  Pisani,  Bull. 
Soc.  Miii.,  ii.,  42,  1879. 

RIIABDITE.  A  mineral  (anal,  by  Carnot :  Fc  84-28,  P  12'10,  As  1-65,  S  1'75,  C  tr.  - 
99-78)  formed  by  combustion  in  the  coal  mines  of  Commentry,  France,  is  referred  by  Mal- 
lard (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  230,  1881)  to  the  meteoric  mineral  called  rhabdite  by  Rose. 

Rhabdophane.  Lettsom,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  191,  1878  ;  L.  de  Boisbaudran,  C.  R.,  Ixxxvi., 
1028,  1878. 

Named  from  two  specimens  in  the  Oxford  University  collection,  which  have  for  fifty 
years  gone  by  the  name  of  blende,  from  Cornwall  :  exact  source  unknown.  By  a  spec- 
troseopic  examination  Lettsom  has  found  it  to  give  the  absorption  bands  of  didym'ium  and 
erbium,  and  concludes  that  it  is  a  phosphate  of  those  bases.  Boisbaudran  remarks  that 
monazitc  gives  the  same  results  with  the  spectroscope,  so  tliat  rhabdophane  might  be  a 
variety  of  that  species.  Bertrand  finds  that  the  mineral  is  uniaxial  and  positive  (Bull. 
Soc.  Min.,  iii.,  58,  1830)  ;  an  analysis  gave  :  P205  27'70,  CedOs(DiaO8,LaaOs)  67-20.  In 
optical  character,  it  is  shown,  consequently,  to  agree  not  with  monazite,  but  with  crypto- 
lite  and  phosphocerite  (Min.,  p.  529),  with  which  it  has  the  same  composition. 

RHAGITE. — App.  II.,  p.  48. 
RHODITE.  —  App.  II.,  p.  48. 

RHODOCHROSITE,  Min.,  p.  691  ;  App.  II.,  p.  48. — Cryst.,  Daaden,  Rheinprovinz,  Weiss, 
ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxxi.,  801,  1879.  Eleonore  mine  (Louise  mine,  according  to  Seligmann),  Hor- 
hausen,  Sansoni,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  250,  1880. 

Pseudomorph  after  alabandite  and  barite,  Doll,  Verh.  G.  Reichs.,'  1875,  95. 

Anal.,  Moat-Fontaine,  Ardennes,  de  Koninck,  Bull.  Ac.  Belg.,  II.,  xlvii.,  568,  1879. 

A  variety  of  rhodochrosite  has  been  called  MANGANOSIDERITE  by  Bayer  (Verh.  Nat.  Ver. 
Briinn,  xii.,  Mav  10,  1873).  In  appearance  it  resembles  sphrerosiderite.  An  approximate 
analysis  gave:  MnC03  54-0,  FeCO3  38 '8,  CaC03  6-84,  MgC03  tr.,  corresponding  nearly  to 
2MnC03  +  FeCO3.  From  Dobschau,  Felsobanya,  Nagybanya,  Kapnik,  in  Hungary. 

Deposits  of  a  ferriferous  manganese  carbonate,  at  Moe't  Fontaine  (Rahier),  Belgium,  are 
described  by  Firket,  Mem.  Soc.  Geol.  Belg.,  v.,  33,  1878  ;  Bull.  Soc.  Geol.  Belg.,  vi.,  152, 
1879.  Penfield  has  analyzed  a  variety  from  Branchville,  Conn.,  with  16  76  FeO,  Am.  J. 
Sc.,  III.,  xviii.,  50,  1879.  For  other  intermediate  varieties,  see  Siderile,  p.  109. 


104  APPENDIX   III. 

RHODONITE,  Min.,  p.  225. — Oryst.,  Pajsberg,  Sweden  (pajsbergite),  Sjogren,  Geol.  For. 
Forh.,  v.,  259,  1881. 

Occurrence  in  the  Ural,  Lebedef,  Verb.  Min.  Ges.  St.  Pet.,  II.,  xiii.,  1,  1878. 

Anal.  (18  p.  c.  CaO  =  bustamite),  Langban,  Lindstrom,  CEfv.  Ak.  Forh.  Stockh.,  xxxv., 
6,  p.  57,  1880. 

A  variety  of  rhodonite  from  Franklin  Furnace,  N.  J.,  is  called  KEATINGINE  by  Shepard 
(Contrib.  Min.,  1876),  it  contains  5  6  p.  c.  ZnO  (=  fowlerite). 

RIONITE. — App.  I.,  p.  14. 

RIPIDOLITE,  Min ,  p.  497;  App.  II.,  p.  48.— See  Penninite,  p.  90. 

RITTINGERITE,  Min.,  p.  94;  App.  II.,  p.  48.— Occurs  at  Schemnitz,  Hungary,  Becke,  Min. 
Petr.  Mitth.,  ii.,  94,  1879. 
See  also  Pyrostilpnite,  p.  90. 

RIVOTITE. — App.  II.,  p.  48. 

Rogersite.     J.  L,  Smith,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xiii  ,  367,  1877. 

Massive.  As  a  thin  mammillary  crust  on  samarskite.  H.  =3-5.  G-.  =  3-313.  Color 
white.  Analyses  (stated  to  be  only  approximate) :  1,  Cb205  1810,  Y203,  etc.  60-12,  H,0 
17-41  —  95-63;  2,  Cb2O5  2021,  H20  16'34,  Y203  undet.  Considered  as  a  decomposition 
product  of  samarskite,  with  which,  and  with  hatchettolite,  it  occurs  in  Mitchell  Co.,  N.  C. 
Named  after  Prof.  Wm.  B.  Rogers.  [Needs  further  examination.] 

RCEMEEITE,  Min.,  p.  655.— Cryst.,  Ludecke,  Z.  gesammt,  Nat.,  Ill,  v.,  407,  889,  1880. 

RCEPPERITE. — App.    II.,  p.  49. 

ROMEITE,  Min.,  p.  547. — According  to  Bertrand,  the  octahedral  crystals  are  formed  by 
the  grouping  of  8  rhombohedral  crystals  of  90°  about  the  central  point,  Bull.  Soc.  Min., 
iv.,  240,  1881. 

Roscoelite.  J.  Blake,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xii.,  31,  1876;  Genth,  ib.,  p.  32.  H.  E.  Roscoe, 
Proc.  Roy.  Soc.,  xxv.,  109,  1876.  Genth,  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  Philad.,  xvii.,  119,  1877,  or  Z. 
Kryst,,  ii.,  8,  1877. 

Micaceous  in  structure ;  basal  cleavage  perfect.  Scales  minute,  often  arranged  in  stel- 
late or  fan-shaped  groups.  Biaxial,  acute  bisectrix  negative,  normal  to  cleavage,  p  <  v 
(Des  Cloizeaux,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  51,  1878;  iv.,  56,  1881). 

Soft.  G.  =  2*902  (Roscoe);  2*921,  2-938,  purest  (Genth).  Lustre  pearly,  inclining  to 
submetallic.  Color  dark  clove  brown  to  greenish  brown,  dark  brownish  green.  Analy- 
ses :  1,  Genth  (after  deducting  0'85  gold,  quartz,  etc.);  2,  3,  Roscoe. 

Si02     Y203  A1203  Fe203  Mn203  FeO  MgO    CaO   Na20  K20  Li20  H20 

1      47-69    20-56  1410      1-67     200    ....     0-19     7'59    tr.  4  96  =  98'76. 

2.     41-25    28-85  V205  14-34    1'04    145     ....     1'96    0'61     072    8-25          0  94  hygrosc. 

[water  2 -12  =  101  53. 

3 28-36 V205  13-94    1-23    0'85    ....     2'06    0'62    0'92    8'87          1'22  hygrosc. 

[water  2  "42. 

In  his  first  paper,  Genth  gives  five  other  analyses,  made  on  material  more  or  less  impure. 
He  also  announces  the  vanadium  as  present  as  VfiOn  (=  2V203  +  V205),  but  in  the  later 
publication  regards  it  possible  that  it  is  all  V203 ;  he  shows  that  the  mineral  is  always  more 
or  less  impure  through  mechanical  admixture,  and  on  this  ground  questions  the  correctness 
of  Roscoe's  results.  Genth  deduces  the  formula  K(Mg,Fe)[Al,,V9laSiiaOss  4-  4aq,  which 
requires:  Si02  49-33,  ALO3  14-09,  VQ03  20-62,  FeO  1'64,  MgO  1'83,  K20  7'55,  HaO  4  94  = 
100.  Roscoe,  on  the  other  hand,  makes  the  mineral  a  vanado-silicate,  thus  :  4A1V04  + 
K4Si,,020  +  aq,  which  requires  :  SiO2  41-18,  V,05  2763,  Al,08  15-59,  K20  14-24,  H20  1-36 
=  100.  B.  B.  fuses  easily  to  a  black  glass.  Gives  with  salt  of  phosphorus  a  dark  yellow 
bead  0.  F.,  and  an  emerald  green  bead  R.  F.  Only  slightly  acted  upon  by  acids. 


APPENDIX  m.  105 

Occurs  intimately  mixed  with  gold  in  seams  (-^  to  -/o  in.  thick)  in  porphyry,  and  filling 
cavities  in  quartz,  at  the  gold  mine  at  Granite  Creek,  near  Coloma,  El  Dorado  Co.,  Cali- 
fornia ;  also  from  Big  Red  Ravine,  near  Sutter's  mill,  where  gold  was  first  discovered  in 
California  (Hanks,  Min.  Sc.  Press,  June  25,  1881).  Hanks  remarks,  that  at  the  Granite 
Creek  locality,  some  400  or  500  Ibs.  of  the  mineral  have  been  discovered,  which  were  wasted 
in  the  extraction  of  the  gold. 

G-enih  also  describes  (1.  c.)  a  mineral  occurring  in  the  Magnolia  District,  Colorado,  as  a  thin 
earthy  incrustation,  of  a  grayish  to  olive  green  color  on  calaverite,  also  inclosed  in  quartz, 
and  giving  it  a  green  color.  An  analysis  of  the  quartz  gave  :  Quartz  79  '38,  Te  1  '05,  Au 
0*03  =  80'46;  the  balance  (19-5  p.  c.)  is  assumed  to  belong  to  the  green  mineral  which 
forms  the  coloring  matter.  An  analysis  of  this,  after  the  deduction  of  the  quartz,  gave  (mean 
of  5  partial  analyses)  :  Si02  56-74,  A12O3  19'62,  V2O3  7-78,  FeO  3'84,  MgO  2'63,  Na-,0  0'94, 
K,0  8-11,  MnO/LiaO  tr.,  H20  undet.  =  99-66.  Genth  regards  this  as  probably  closely  re- 
lated to  roscoelite,  perhaps  a  variety. 

ROSELITE,  Min.,  p.  560;  App.  II.,  p.  49. — Analyses  by  Winkler,  J.  pr.  Ch.  II.,  xvi.,  86, 
1877  (quoted  by  Weisbach,  Jahrb.  Berg.-Hiittenwesen,  1877). 

As,05  CoO  CaO  MgO          H20 

1.        52-93  10-56  24-93  395  8'35     =     100-72. 

3         52-41  10-03  25-17  4-22  8-22     =     100'OS. 

These  correspond  to  the  formula  :  R3As2O8  +  2aq  (not  3aq,  Schrauf ) ;  if  Ca :  Co :  Mg  = 
10:3  : 2,  then  the  formula  gives  :  As205  52'39,  CoO  10*25,  CaO  25'51,  MgO  3-65,  HaO  8'20 
=  100. 

Rosterite. — See  Beryl,  p.  13. 

ROSTHORNITE. — App.  II.,  p.  49. 

Rubislite.    Neddie,  Trans.  Soc.  Edinb.,  xxix.,  112,  1879. 

A  dark  green  compact  granular  or  fine  foliated  aggregate.  G.  =  2 '44.  Analysis  :  Si02 
37-85,  AL03  10-92,  Fe203  9*84,  FeO  9'01,  MnO  0'46,  CaO  4-22,  MgO  8-00,  K20  3  33,  H20 
16-13  —  99-76.  Completely  decomposed  by  hydrochloric  acid.  B.  B.  fuses  to  a  brown  slag. 
From  the  granite  of  Rubislaw,  near  Aberdeen,  Scotland.  [To  be  classed  with  the  already 
too  large  list  of  doubtful  substances  of  the  so-called  "  chlorite  group."] 


RUTILE,  Min.,  p.  159;  App.  II.,  p.  49. — Cryst.,-paramorphs  after  arkansite  (brookite), 
Magnet  Cove,  vom  Rath,  J.  Min.,  1876,  397;  pseudomorphs  after  hematite,  Binnenthal,  id., 
Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  13,  1877,  and  eightlings  from  Magnet  Cove,  Ark.,  ibid.,  p.  15.  (Ilmenorutile), 
Wschi woi-See,  Ilmen  Mts.,  v.  Jeremejef,  Verh.  Min.  Ges.  St.  Pet.,  II.,  xii.,  284;  xiii.,  419; 
xiv.,  239.  Associated  with  magnetite  in  parallel  position,  Binnenthal,  Seligmann,  Z.  Kryst., 
i.,  340, 1877.  In  splendent  crystals,  from  Alexander  Co.,  North  Carolina,  Hidden,  Am.  J. 
Sc.,  III.,  xxi.,  159,  1881. 

Mallard  includes  rutile  among  the  pseudo-tetragonal  minerals  (Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x., 
134,  1876);  see  also  Brookite,  p.  18. 

As  a  microscopic  constituent  of  rocks,  Sauer,  J.  Min.,  1879,  569  (see  zircon) ;  1880,  i., 
94;  1881,  i.,  227. 

Janovsky  (Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  Ixxx.,  34,  188C)  has  given  the  name  ISERIT  to  what  he  regards 
as  a  new  titanate.  It  was  found  among  the  black  grains  of  the  so-called  "iserin  "  of  the 
Iscrwiese,  Bohemia.  It  is  distinguished  from  the  true  iserin  by  the  absence  of  conchoidal 
fracture  and  the  brown  color.  In  thin  fragments  it  is  honey  yellow.  Crystalline  form 
like  rutile,  occasionally  in  twins  ;  cleavage  imperfect.  G.  =  4  52.  Analysis  :  Ti02  70-01  (|), 
FeO  28-68  (%),  MnO  1-41,  MgO  0'32,  Cb205,Si02  0-44=99-73,  corresponding  to  the  for- 
mula :  FeTi.2O5.  [Groth  (Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  400)  justly  remarks  that  the  mineral  is  not  far  from 
the  ferruginous  rutile  called  nigrine,  and  that  a  more  exact  determination  as  to  form, 
homogeneity,  etc.,  is  needed  to  prove  its  independent  character.  If  it  is  an  independent 
species  the  name  is  an  unfortunate  one,  as  tending  to  confusion  with  the  distinct  iserin, 
also  called  iserite.] 


106  APPENDIX   III. 

SAHLITE. — See  Pyroxene,  p.  100. 
SAL  AMMONIAC. — App.  II.,  p.  49. 

SAMARSKITE,  Min.,  p.  520;  App.  II.,  p.  49.— Cryst.  description,  Mitchell  Co.,  N.  Caro- 
lina, E.  S.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  111.,  xi.,  201,  1876. 

Analyses,  Mitchell  Co,   N.  C. :    1,  Miss  E.  H.  Swallow,  Proc.  Nat.  Hist.  Bost.,  xvii  , 
424,  1875.     2,   0.  D,  Allen,   Dana's  Text-Book  Min.,  1877,  p.  340,  and  Am.  J.  Sc.    Ill 
xiv.,  130, 1877.     3,  J.  L.  Smith,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xiii.,  362,  1877.     4,  Rammelsberq,  ZS.  G. 
Ges.,  xxix.,  817,  1877. 

Ta2O5       Ca2O5  SnO2,WO3   UO3     Ce2O3(Di2  La2,O3)    Y2O3         FeO         MnO  CaO    H2O 

1.  54^96  0-16  9-91  UO         5-17  CeO  12/84YO     14'02         0'91     0'52M»O    0'66, 

[insol.  residue  from  cerium  oxalate  1'25  =  100'40. 

2.  (|)    18-20         37-50        0-08         12'54  4'17  14'48  10'75         0'78  0'55    1-12 

3.  55-13        0-31         10-96  4'24  14"49  1174        1'53     MgO  tr.      G'72 

f-  99-12 

4.  G.  =  5-836    14-36         41 '07       0"16         10'90  2'37  6'10  14'61  Fe2O3,  EraO3 10'80,   TiO2 

[0-56  tj3iO2)  =  100-93. 

Anal,  of  Miask  samarskite,  Rammelsberg,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxix.,  817,  1877. 

Examination  of  the  earths  contained  in  samarskite  from  North  Carolina  :  J.  L.  Smith 
("  mosandrum  ")T  C.  R.,  Ixxxvii.,  146,  148,  831,  1878.  Delafontaine  (terbium),  Bibl.  Univ., 
II.,  Ixi.,  273,  1878  ;  id.  (decipium,  phillipium),  ib.,  III.,  iii.,  246,  250,  1880;  C.  R.,  xciii., 
63,  1881.  Same  subject  discussed  by  Marignac,  Bibl.  Univ.,  III.,  iii.,  413,  1880. 

Damour  (Bull.  Ac.  St.  Pet.,  xxiii.,  463,  1877)  shows  that  the  VIETIXGHOFITE  of  v.  Lomo- 
nossof  is  essentially  a  ferruginous  variety  of  samarskite.  Amorphous.  H.  =  5 -5-6.  G.  = 
5 '53.  Color  black,  dull.  Streak  brown.  Lustre  submetallic.  Easily  decomposed  by 
HoS04.  An  analysis  gave:  Cb,05  51-00,  Ti02  1-84,  ZrO.,  0'9G,  U,03  8 '85,  Y.,0,  6-57, 
Ce,(Di,La)203  1-57,  FcO  23'00,  MnO  2 '67,  MgO  0 '83,  ign.  1-80  =  99-09.  Locality  near 
Lake  Baikal,  in  the  Ural. 

SAPONITE,  Min.,  p.  472  ;  App.  II.,  p.  49. — Analyses,  from  igneous  rocks  in  Scotland, 
Heddle,  Trans.  Soc.  Edinb.,  xxix.,  91  et  seq.,  1879.  See  also  Bowlingite,  p.  17. 

Sarawakite.  Frenzel,  Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  100.  Occurs  in  minute  crystals,  with  many 
planes  and  rounded  angles,  "probably  tetragonal."  Soft.  Lustre  adamantine.  Colorless 
or  wine  yellow  to  greenish  yellow.  Transparent.  Contains  antimony,  anhydrous.  Found  in 
cavities  in  the  native  antimony  of  Borneo.  [Needs  further  examination.  Senarmontite  ?] 

SARCOPSIDE. — App.  I.,  p.  14. 

SAUSSURITE. — Anal.,  Midsaterfjeld,  Bergen,  Norway,  Hjortdahl,  Nyt.  Mag.  Nat,,  xxiii., 
1877.  Analyses  quoted,  and  discussion  of  the  relations  between  the  different  varieties,  J. 
D.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xvi.,  340,  395,  1878. 

SAYNITE. — See  Poly  dy  mite,  p.  95. 

SCAPOLITE,  Min.,  p.  317;  App.  II.,  p.  50.— Analyses,  Rossie,  N.  Y.,  Sipocz,  Min.  Mitth., 
1877,  266.  Boxborough,  Mass.,  Becke,  1877,  267.  Various  Canadian  localities,  F.  D. 
Adams,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xvii.,  315,  1879.  Bamle,  Norway,  Michel-Levy,  Bull.  Soc.  Min., 
i.,  43,  1878.  Monzoni,  Kiepenheuer,  Ber.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn,  Aug.  4, 1879.  Malsjo,  Arendal, 
and  Gouverneur,  Sipocz,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  iv.,  265,  1881. 

Adams  calls  attention  to  the  fact  that  unaltered  scapolite  uniformly  contains  chlorine 
(up  to  2-48  p.  c.).  The  presence  of  this  element  is  also  shown  by>Neminar  in  meionite, 
and  by  Sipocz  and  Becke  (1.  c.). 

See  also  Meionite,  p.  74. 

A  scapolite  from  Gal  way,  Ontario  Co.,  Canada,  has  been  called  ONTARIO  LITE  by  C.  U. 
Shepnrd  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xx.,  54,  1880).  It  occurs  in  prismatic  crystals  in  a  limestone; 
the  color  is  black  or  gray,  from  the  presence  of  admixed  impurities.  The  pure  portions 


APPENDIX   III.  107 

are  transparent  and  colorless,  H.  =  7-7  '5.  [The  value  of  an  approximate  analysis  given 
is  destroyed  by  the  impurity  of  the  material  analyzed  ;  thus  far  it  has  no  claim  to  be  con- 
sidered an  independent  species.] 


SCHEELITE,  Min  ,  p.  605;  App. 
Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  157,  1878. 


.  II.,  p.  50.  —  Cryst.,  Untersulzbachthal,  etc.,  Grofh,  Min.- 


Absorption  bands  in  spectrum  (Ce,  La,  Di),  Cossa,  Accad.  Line.  Mem.,  III.,  iii.,  24,  31, 
1878. 

Occurrence  with  gold,  Charity  mine,  Warren's,  Idaho,  and  Golden  Queen  mine,  Lake 
Co.,  Col  ,  Silliman,  Am.  J.  So.,  III.,  xiii.,  451,  1877.  From  the  Victoria  Reef  mine, 
Adelong,  New  South  Wales,  Liversidge,  Proc.  Hoy.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  Nov.  8,  1880. 

SCACCHITE.  —  App.  II.,  p.  50. 

SCHIRMERITE.  —  App.  II.,  p.  50. 

Schneebergite.     A.  Brezina,  Verh.  Geol.  Reichs.,  1880,  313. 

Isometric  ;  in  small  (O'5-l  mm.)  octahedrons.  Cleavage  dodecahedral  in  traces.  H.  —  6  '5. 
G.  =  4*1  (Weidel).  Lustre  vitreous  to  adamantine.  Color  honey  yellow.  Transparent. 
Fracture  conchoidal.  Brittle.  Consists  principally  (Weidel)  of  lime  and  antimony,  with 
a  little  iron,  and  traces  of  copper,  bismuth,  zinc,  magnesia,  and  sulphuric  acid.  B.  B. 
infusible,  becomes  slightly  brown.  Insoluble  in  acids.  Found  by  Lhotsky,  at  Schneeberg, 
Tyrol,  near  the  union  of  anhydrite  (or  gypsum)  with  chalcopyrite  and  magnetite.  [Needs 
further  examination.  Perhaps  related  to  atopite,  p.  10.] 

SCHORLOMITE,  Min.,  p.  390.  —  According  to  JCnop,  does  not  occur  at  Oberschaffhausen,  in 
the  Kaiserstuhl  (Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  58,  1877);  but  the  mineral  which  has  received  that  name  is 
either  a  titaniferous  melanite  or  pyroxene. 

Intimately  associated  with  melanite,  Magnet  Cove,  Ark.,  Konig,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  Sc. 
Phil.,  1876,  36. 

Schraufite.     J.  von  SchrocMnger,  Verh.  Geol.  Reichs.  ,  1875,  134. 

A  mineral  resin  occurring  in  small  masses  and  in  layers,  in  the  schistose  sandstone  (Car- 
pathian sandstone),  near  Wamma,  in  Bukowina.  H.  =  2-3.  G.  =r  1-0-1*12.  Color  hya- 
cinth to  blood  red.  Translucent.  Fracture  semi-conchoidal  to  splintery.  Melting  point 
326  ,  when  decomposition  goes  on.  Partially  soluble  in  alcohol,  benzol,  and  chloroform  ; 
completely  soluble  in  sulphuric  acid,  the  larger  portion  of  the  resin  separating  as  a  grayish- 
yellow  slimy  mass,  upon  dilution  with  water.  Analysis  by  Dietrich  : 

C  H  0 

73-81  8-82  17-37. 

Formula:  C,,H1BOa,  requiring  :  C  73-33,  H  8'89,  0  1778  =  100.  With  this  resin  corre- 
spond also  a  resin  from  Mizun  and  Iloflein,  and  less  closely  others  from  the  neighborhood 
of  Lemberg.  Schrockinger  proposes  to  include  the  several  occurrences  under  the  name 
Schraufite,  after  Prof.  A.  Schrauf,  of  Vienna.  The  same  resin  occurs  in  the  Libanon, 
according  to  John  (Verh.  G.  Reichs.,  1876,  255);  see  also  Bronner,  Wiirtt.  Nat.  Jahresb., 
xxxiv.,  81,  1878. 

SCHREIBERSITE.  —  Min.,  p.  61  ;  App.  II.,  p.  50. 

SCHROCKERINGERITE.—  App.   II.,  p.  50. 

SCHWARTZEMBERGITE,  Min.,  p.  120.-—  Optically  uniaxial,  negative,  Bertrand,  Bull.  Soc. 
Min.,  iv.,  87,  1881. 

^  SCOLECITE,  Min.,  p.  428;  App.  II.,  p.  50.—  Cryst.,  L&decke  (J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  200;  1881, 
ii.,  1)  distinguishes  between  the  monoclinic  (Iceland  and  Kandallah)  and  triclinic  (from  the 


108  APPENDIX  m. 

Schattige  Wichel,  Fellinen  Alp,  Faroe,  and  Etzlithal)  varieties,  and  makes  them  isomor- 

phous  with  similar  varieties  of  mesolite. 

Pyro-electrical  characters,  Hankel,  Wied.  Ann.,  vi.,  56,  1879.  • 

Anal.  (Bechi),  Casarzia,  Liguria,  Issel,  Boll.  Com.  Geol.,  1879,  530.     Etzlithal,  Schmid, 

Ber.  Jenaisch.  Ges.  Med.  Nat,,  July  9.  1880.     Schattige  Wichel,  Fellinen  Alp,  LudecJce 

J.  Min.,  1881,  ii.,  19. 

SCORODFTE,  Min..  p.  574. — Cryst.3  Beresofsk,  Ural,  v.  Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  vi.,307, 
1874.     Dernbach,  Nassau,  v.  Lasaulx,  J.  Min.,  1875,  629;  vom  Rath,  J.  Min.,  1876,  394. 
Anal.,  Distr.  Lucma,  Peru,  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou,  p.  228,  1878. 
Made  artificially,  Bourgeois  and  Verneuil,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iii.,  32,  1880. 
See  also  Strengite  and  Reddi 


An  earthy  mineral,  formed  from  the  decomposition  of  arsenopyrite,  and  referred  to 
scorodite,  has  been  called  JOGYNAITE  by  N.  v.  Nordenskidld.  Occurs  with  beryl  at  Adun- 
Tschilon,  Nertschinsk.  See  v.  Kokscharof,  Bull.  Acad.  St.  Pet.,  xix.,  571,  1873. 

SCOLOPSITE. — See  Ittnerite,  p.  63. 

SEEBACHITE,  App.  II.,  p.  50. — See  Herschelite,  p.  57. 

SELLAITE,  App.  I.,  p.  14. — The  corresponding  compound,  MgF2,  made  artificially,  Cossa, 
Accad.  Line.  Mem.,  III.,  i.,  33,  1876,  or  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  207,  1877. 

Corrections  of  angles  and  symbols  previously  given,  Struver,  Att.  Accad.  Torino,  xii., 
59,  1876. 

SELWYNITE,  Min.,  p.  509;  App.  I.,  p.  19. — According,  to  a  microscopic  examination  by 
Ulrich,  a  mixture,  consisting  of  a  felsite-like  base,  with  hydrous  chromic  oxide  and  occa- 
sional octahedrons  of  chromite,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  111.,  xi.,  235,  1876. 

Semseyite.  Krenner,  Ungar.  Revue,  1881,  367.  Briefly  announced  as  containing  sul- 
phur, antimony,  and  lead,  and  related  \o  plagionite,  from  Wolfsberg,  in  the  Harz.  Oc- 
curs in  gray  crystals,  with  diaphorite,  sphalerite,  and  pyrite,  at  Felsobanya. 

SEXARMONTITE,  Min.,  p.  184.— According  to  Mallard  (Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  108,  1876\ 
pseudo-isometric,  the  crystals  being  made  up  of  48  triclinic  individuals.  The  same  sub- 
ject has  been  investigated  by  A.  Grosse-Bohle  (Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  222,  1880);  he  concludes  that 
the  species  is  to  be  regarded  as  monoclinic,  and  the  crystals  made  up  of  12  individuals 
(including  those  parallel,  24),  twinned  parallel  to  0  and  1 ;  he  however  suggests,  in  conclu- 
sion, that  the  optical  anomalies  may  have  another  explanation,  and  the  mineral  still  be 
included  in  the  isometric  system.  An  examination  of  artificial  crystals  of  arsenolite  led 
to  similar  results. 

SEPIOLITR,  Min.,  p.  456. — A  fibrous  variety  from  Utah,  analyzed  by  Chester,  Am.  J.  Sc., 
III.,  xiii.,  296,  18 < 7. 

SERICITE,  Min.,  p.  487. — A  massive  muscovite,  as  shown  by  Laspeyres  (Z.  Kryst.,  iv., 
244),  who  explains  the  varying  results  of  earlier  investigators  by  the  greater  or  less  impu- 
rity of  the  substance  examined.  He  regards  it  as  having  owed  its  origin  to  the  alteration 
of  feldspar.  On  the  sericite  from  the  Taunus,  see  Wichmann,  Verh.  Nat.  Ver.  Bonn, 
xxxiv.,  1,  1877. 

SERPENTINE,  Min.,  p.  464  ;  App.  II.,  p.  51.— Description  and  analyses  :  Pusunsaari,  Un- 
gern,  Schildt,  CEfv.  Finsk.  Vet.  Soc.,  xvii.,  70,  1874-75.  Zoblitz,  Greifendorf,  Waldheim, 
Lemberg,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,xxvii.,  531,  1875.  New  Jersey,  Berwerth,  Min.  Mitth.,  18/5, 110. 
Vosges,  Weigand,  Min.  Mitth.,  1875,  183.  Northern  Norway,  Pettersen,  J.  Mm.,  18 < 6, 
613.  Nordmark,  Lvndstrom,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iii.,  191,  1876.  Langban,  Wermland  (7 -8 
p.  c.  MnO),  Paijkull,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iii.,  351,  1877.  Verrayes,  Val  d'Apsta,  Cossa, 
Accad.  Line.  Mem.,  III.,  ii.,  933,  1878.  Reichenstein,  Silesia,  Hare,  Inaug.  Diss.  Breslau, 


• 

APPENDIX  m.  109 

1879  (Z.  Kryst    iv.,  294).     Florida,  Mass,  (picrolite),  anal,  by  Melville,  Wadswortli,  Bost. 
Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  xx.,  286,  1879. 

Microscopic  examination,  metaxoite,  picrofluite,  Wiik,  (Efv.  Finsk.  Yet.  Soc.,  xvii.,  8, 

1874-75. 

A  serpentinous  mineral  is  called  TOTAIGITE  by  Heddle  (Trans.  Soc.  Edinburgh,  xxviii., 
455,  497,  1878).  It  appears  as  a  pseudomorphous  substance  surrounding  malacolite,  in  a 
granular  limestone  ;  resembles  danburite,  from  Danbury,  Ct.  Lustre  weak,  glimmering. 
Color  pale  fawn,  sometimes  blue-black.  Cleavage  distinct.  Fracture  conchoidal.  Soft. 
Often  surrounded  itself  by  yellow  green  or  dark  gray  serpentine.  Analyses:  1,  fawn-colored 
variety;  2,  dark  blue  variety,  on  the  surface  ochre  yellow;  G.  =  2-84-2  '893. 


SiO2     A12O3    Fe2O3      FeO      MnO      MgO       CaO     Na2O      K8O        H2O 

1.  37-22        0-76        ....         1-05        0'23        44'97        5'24        ........         10'ti4    =     lOO'll. 

2.  36-19        0-26        0-29        2'96        0'45        45'57        3'27        0'42        0'25        10'20     =      99'87. 

Locality  Totaig,  Ross-shire,  Scotland.  The  author  justly  does  not  regard  this  as  in  any 
sense  a  mineral  species  [but  why  should  it  receive  a  name  ?].  Its  method  of  occurrence 
suggests  that  it  is  an  intermediate  product  between  the  pyroxene  and  the  final  serpentine  ; 
but  the  author  calls  attention  to  the  fact  that  it  contains  more  magnesia  than  the  last- 
named  species. 

Serpierite.     Des  Cloizeaux,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  89,  1881;  Bertrand,  ib. 

Orthorhombic  ;  in  minute  tabular  (0)  crystals  elongated,  of  ten  grouped  in  light  tufts,  and 
striated  in  the  direction  of  the  shorter  diagonal.  Observed  planes:  0,  I,  1,  also  1-$,  f-£, 
probable,  and  fH,  HM-t,  8-*,  all  doubtful.  JA  I-  98°  42',  0  A  1  =  115°  32'.  Optic- 
axial  plane  macrodiagonal,  bisectrix  negative.  2H  =  43°  35'-44°  20',  and  2E  =  65°  57'- 
67°  10',  red;  dispersion  p  >  v.  Color  greenish  bluish.  Transparent.  In  composition, 
according  to  Damour,  a  basic  sulphate  of  copper  and  zinc.  [Needs  further  examination 
on  the  chemical  side.]  From  Laurium,  Greece. 

Siderazot.     0.  Silvestri,  Pogg.  Ann.,  civil,  165,  1876. 

A  product  of  volcanic  eruption,  observed  at  Mt.  Etna  after  the  eruption  of  Aug.,  1874, 
as  a  very  thin  coating  on  lava.  Non-crystalline.  Lustre  metallic,  resembling  steel. 
Slowly  attacked  by  acids.  An  analysis  gave  :  Fe  90'86,  N  9  '14  =  100,  which  corresponds 
to  Fe5N2,  or  that  adopted  by  Fremy  for  the  artificial  iron  nitride. 

SIDERITE,  Min.,  p.  688  ;  App.  II.,  p.  51.  —  Anal.,  San  Giovanni,  Val  d'Arno,  Italy, 
Orattarola,  Boll.  Com.  Geol.,  1876,  342.  Felsobanya,  anal,  by  Dietrich  (27'7-44'4  p.  c. 
MnCO,),  -  Kapnik  (3-98  MnC03),  v.  Schrockinger,  Verh.  geol.  Reichs.,  1877,  114.  .  New- 
buryport,  Mass.,  Miss  E.  H.  Swallow,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  xvii.,  464,  1875. 
Earthy  variety  (amorphous),  easily  soluble  in  cold  acids,  from  the  Schwelm  mine,  Muck. 
Z.  Berg.-Hutt.-Sal.-Wesen,  xxviii.,  189,  1880. 

Recent  formation  at  Bourbonne-l'Archambault,  Daubree,  C.  R.,  Ixxx.,  1300,  1875. 

See  also  Rhodochrosite,  p.  103,  for  other  intermediate  compounds. 

Sideronatrite.  Raimondi,  Mineraux  du  Perou,  p.  212,  233,  1878.  Domeyko  3d  ed. 
Min.  Chili,  p.  158,  1879. 

In  crystalline  masses.  H.  =  2  '5.  G.  =  2153.  Color  dark  yellow.  Streak  pale  yellow 
to  yellowish  white.  Analysis  : 

S03      Fe203    Na20     H20 
43-26     21-60     15-59    15  -35,  earthy  matter  3-20,  NaCl  mechanically  mixed  1'06  =  100-06. 

Formula  Na2SO4  +  [Fe2]S209  -f  6aq.  Insoluble  in  water,  but  decomposed  on  heating, 
with  the  separation  of  iron  sesquioxide.  Soluble  in  acids.  From  the  mine  San  Simon, 
Huantajaya,  province  of  Tarapaca,  Peru. 

Another  sulphate,  almost  identical  with  sideronatrite,  has  been  called  URUSITE  by  A.  Fren- 
zel  (Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  ii.,  133,  359,  1879).  Orthorhombic.  Pulverulent,  earthy;  also  in 
lumps,  but  consisting  of  minute  prismatic  crystals  with  pinacoids,  and  also  7,  1,  1-f  and  0. 
Soft.  G.  =2-22.  Color  lemon  to  orange  yellow.  Streak  ochre  yellow.  Transparent  in 


110  APPENDIX  in. 

minute  crystals.  Calculated  formula:  Na4[Fe2]S4017  +  8aq  =  S03  42'78,  Fe203  21-39,  Na20 
16-58,  H2O  19-25  =  100.  Analyses,  1,  2;  1-,  after  deducting  3  p.  c.  insoluble: 

S03  Fe,03          NaoO  HoO 

1.  42-08  21-28  16-50  1680     -      99'66. 

2.  41-64  22-00  17-24          [19-12]    =     100-00. 

Insoluble  in  water,  easily  soluble  in  HC1.  Decomposed  in  boiling  water,  with  separation 
of  Fe.jOs.  Found  underlying  deposits  of  iron  vitriol  (melanterite)  on  the  Urus  plateau, 
near  Sarakaja,  on  the  naphtha  island,  Tscheleken,  in  the  Caspian  Sea.  [Both  of  the  above 
sulphates  are  near  the  uncertain  bartholomite  of  Cleve,  App.  II.,  p.  6.] 

Siderophyllite. — See  under  Mica  Group,  p.  80. 

SIEGBURGITE,  App.  II.,  p.  51.— Full  description  by  v.  Lasaulx,  J.  Min.,  1875,  128. 

Silaonite. — See  Guanqjuatite,  p.  53. 

Silberwismuthglanz. — See  Alaskaite,  p.  3. 

SILVER,  Min.,  p.  9;  App.  II.,  p.  51. — Cryst.,  twins,  vom  Rath,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  12,  1878. 
Silver  ores  from  Orenburg,  v.  Back,  J.  Min.,  1876,  162. 

S.  B.  Wight  describes  a  supposed  alloy  of  silver  and  copper  (AgJ53  to  75  p.  c.)  of  a  light 
brass  color,  and  G.  =  9  948,  9 -330;  from  the  Detroit  and  Lake  Superior  Copper  Co.,  Eng. 
Min.  J.,  xxx.,  153,  1880. 

SlMLAITE.-^App.  II.,  p.  51  (44). 

SIMONYITE. — App  I.,  p.  14;  II.,  p.  51  (8). 

Sipylite.    J.  W.  Mallet,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  Ill,  xiv.,  397,  1877;  xxii.,  52,  1881. 

Tetragonal;  in  octahedrons.  1  A  1  (pyr.)  100°  45'  =  127°  (basal).  Cleavage  1,  distinct. 
Usually  imperfectly  crystalline,  or  in  irregular  masses.  H.  =  6  nearly.  G.  =4'89. 
Lustre  resinous  and  pseudo-metallic.  Color  brownish  black  to  brownish  orange ;  in  splinters 
red  brown.  Streak  light  cinnamon  brown  to  pale  gray.  Translucent.  Fracture  uneven, 
and  small  conchoidal.  Brittle.  Analysis  by  W.  G.  Brown: 

Cb«O5  WO,  SnO2  ZrO2  Eb2O3  Ce2O3  La2O3  Di.,O3  UO  FeO  BcO  MgO  CuO  Na2O  K2O  H2O 
48-66*  0-16  0-08  2'09  27"94t  1'37  3'93$  4'06§  3'47  2'04  0'62  0"05  2'61  0'16  O'OG  3'19 

[MnO  tr.,  Li2O  tr.,  F  tr.  =  100'48. 
*  With  Ta2O6  about  2  p.  c.  t  With  Y2O3  about  1  p.  c.  %  DiaOa,  tr.  §  CeQO3,  tr. 

Taking  together  the  acid  oxides  of  columbium  (niobium),  tantalum,  tungsten,  tin,  and 

zirconium  as  M205,  and  reducing  all  the  basic  elements  to  the  form  RO,  and  neglecting 
the  water,  the  ratio  RO  :M205  =  221  :  100  is  obtained,  which  corresponds  to  the  formula: 
R3M208  +  4RjM207.  Mallet  prefers  to  include  the  water,  making  the  hydrogen  basic, 
and  deduces  on  this  supposition  the  formula  :  R3MoOs.  This  view,  as  he  shows,  is  sup- 
ported by  the  fact  that  in  form  sipylite  is  very  near  fergusonite. 

B.  B.  decrepitates,  and  glows  brilliantly,  becomes  pale  greenish  yellow  and  opaque;  in- 
fusible. In  the  closed  tube  gives  off  acid  water.  With  borax  in  0.  F.  gives  a  yellow 
bead,  pale  on  cooling;  in  R.  F.  assumes  a  greener  tint.  Boiled  in  strong  HC1  partially 
dissolves,  the  solution  reacting  for  zirconium  with  turmeric  paper;  when  metallic  tin  is 
added  and  the  solution  diluted,  a  sapphire  blue  color  is  obtained  (columbium).  Decomposed 
completely,  though  slowly,  in  boiling  concentrated  sulphuric  acid.  Occurs  sparingly,  im- 
bedded in,  or  more  commonly  adherent  to,  masses  of  allanite  and  magnetite,  at  the  north- 
west slope  of  Little  Friar  Mountain,  Amherst  Co.,  Virginia.  Named  from  Sipylus,  one 
of  the  children  of  Niobe,  in  allusion  to  the  names  niobium  and  tantalum. 

Delctfontaine  (C.  R.,  Ixxxvii.,  933,  1878)  states  that  sipylite  contains  yttrium,  erbium  (in 
small  quantities),  philippium  (see  samarskite),  and  also  the  ytterbium  of  Marignac  (see 
gadolinite). 


APPENDIX   III.  Ill 

SKUTTERUDITE,  Min.,  p.  71;  App.  II.,  p.  51. — Anal.,  Ramsay,  J.  Ch.  Soc.,  1876,  153. 

SMALTITE,  Min.,  p.  70;  App.  II.,  p.  51.—  Bauer  (ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxvii.,  245,  1875)  questions 
the  conclusion  of  Groth  as  to  the  hemihedral  character  of  the  species,  while«the  latter 
gives  further  descriptions  (Min.-Samml.  Strassburg,  43,  1878)  of  hemihedral  forms. 

Found  in  Zapotlan,  Jalisco,  Mexico,  Navia,  Naturaleza,  iv.,  41,  1877. 

Discussion  of  composition,  Rammelsberg,  Pogg.  Ann.,  clx.,  181,  1877. 

SMITHSONITE,  Min.,  p.  692;  App.  II.,  p.  52.—  Zinc  ore  deposits  at  Wiesloch,  Baden, 
Schmidt,  Heidelberg,  1881. 

SNARUMITE. — See  Anthopliyllite,  p.  7. 

SODA  NITRE  (Caliche),  Min.,  p.  592. — In  South  America,  occurrence,  exploitation,  etc., 
V.  I,  Olivier,  Ann.  Ch.  Phys.,  V.,  vii.,  289,  1876.  Anal.,  Tarapaca,  Peru,  Raimondi, 
Min.  Perou,  p.  289  et  seq.,  1878.  Macliattie,  Chem.  News,  xxxi.,  263,  1875. 

SODALITE,  Min.,  p.  330;  App.  II.,  p.  52. — Cryst.,  Is.  Laaven,  Langesundfiord,  Norway, 
Klien,  J.  Min.,  1879,  534. 

From  Ditro,  Transylvania,  Koch,  Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  332  ;  J.  Min.,  Beil.-Bd.,  i.,  149, 
1880.  From  Tiahuanaco,  Bolivia,  optical  examination,  Feussner,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  581, 
1881 ;  analysis,  Bamberger,  ib.,  p.  583. 

Sommarugaite. — See  Oersdorffite,  p.  51. 
Sonomaite. — See  Pickeringite,  p.  93. 
SPATHIOPYRITE. — App.  II.,  p.  52. 

SPHALERITE,  Min.,  p.  48.-— Cryst.,  Groth,  Min.-Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  23,  1878.  Sade- 
beck,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxx.,  573,  1878.  Hautefeuille,  C.  R.,  xciii.,  774,  1881. 

Elfect  on  indices  of  refraction  of  change  of  temperature,  and  of  curving  of  surfaces  of 
prism,  Calderon,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  504,  1880;  Voigt,  ibid.,  v.,  113,  1880. 

"  Faserige  blende,"  in  part  wurtzite,  v.  Lasaulx,  J.  Min.,  1876,  629.  Christophite,  St. 
Agnes,  Cornwall,  Collins,  Min.  Mag., 'iii.,  91,  1879. 

American  blendes  containing  indium,  Cornwall,  Am.  Chem.,  vii.,  389,  1877;  Norwegian 


do.,  Wleugel,  Nyt.  Mag.  Nat  Christ.,  xxiv.,  333,  1879.      Gallium  in  sphalerite,  from  the 
Pierrefitte  mine,  Vallee  Argeles,  Pyrenees,  L.  de 


Boisbaudran,  C.  R.,  Ixxxi.,  493,  1875. 


Sphaerocobaltite.  Weisbach,  Jahrb.  Berg.-Hiitt.,  1877.  In  small  spherical  masses. 
Crystalline  in  structure,  both  concentric  and  radiated.  Externally  velvet  black;  within 
rose  red.  Streak  peach-blossom  red.  H.  =4.  G.  =  4'02-4'13.  Formula  :  CoC03  =  C02 
36-94,  CoO  63  06.  Analysis,  WinkJer: 

C02  CoO  Fe203  CaO  H20 

34-65  58-86  3  "41  1'80  1'22     =    99-94. 

Iron  hydrate  is  present  in  small  quantity,  as  an  impurity.  B.  B.  in  closed  tube  becomes 
black.  Attacked  slowly  by  cold  acids;  rapidly  with  effervescence  when  warnied.  Occurs 
with  roselite  at  Schneeberg,  Saxony. 

SPHENE.— See  Titanite,  p.  122. 
SPIAUTERITE. — See  Wurtzite,  p.  132. 

SPINEL,  Min.,  p.  147;  App.  II.,  p.  52.— Cryst.,  Albani  Mts.,  Italy,  Sella,  Z.  Kryst,  i., 
233,  1877.  Polysynthetic  twins,  Struver,  Accad.  Line.  Trans.,  III.,ii.,  109,  1878.  Tasch- 
kent,  v.  Jeremejef,  Verh.  Min.  Ges.  St.  Pet.,  II.,  xiii.,  426;  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  642. 


APPENDIX    III. 

Determinations  of  specific  gravity,  Church,  Geol.  Mag.,  II.,  ii.,  322,  1875. 
Made  artificially,  Meunier,  C.  R.,  xc.,  701,  1880.     Anal.,  Monte  di  Tiriolo,  near  Catan- 
zaro,  Mauro,  Accad.  Line  Trans.,  III.,  in.,  65,  1879. 
See  also  Gahnite. 

Spodiosite.    H.  V.  Tiberg,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  i.,  84,  1872. 

Orthorhombic.  In  prismatic  crystals,  flattened  parallel  the  brachypinacoid,  with  the 
planes,  i-l,  I,  1,  2-4.  J  A  i-f  —  13%°,  I A  1  =  96°,  2-fc  A  2-4  =  33°  top.  H.  =5.  G.  = 
2-94.  Lustre  dull  porcelain-like,  but  vitreous.  Color  ash  gray,  inclining  to  brown.  Streak 
white.  Fracture  uneven.  Brittle. 

Analysis  by  C.  H.  Lundstrom  : 

P2O5        CaO  F  As2O5      CO2        Cl       Fe2O3    A12O,    MnO     MgO      H2O       insol. 

32-20        49-81         [4-71]*        0'24        3'90        0'12        1'24        I'll        0'55        2*27        270        1'15      =      100. 
*  Including  loss  [bat  the  analysis  should  show  an  excess]. 

Disregarding  the  calcium  carbonate,  the  mineral  consists  essentially  of  calcium  phos- 
phate and  calcium  fluoride,  in  the  ratio  of  5  : 4  or  5Ca3P208  +  4CaF2 ;  but  the  analysis 
hardly  gives  a  definite  decision  as  to  the  true  composition. 

B.  B.  fuses  in  the  thinnest  splinters  to  a  white  enamel ;  does  not  decrepitate.  Soluble  in 
HC1  and  HN03,  with  effervescence.  From  the  Krangrufva,  Wermland,  Sweden.  Named 
from  6it68io$,  ash  gray.  [Perhaps  a  pseudomorph  of  apatite,  after  some  other  mineral.] 

SPODUMENE,  Min.,  p.  228.— Analyses :  1,  Pisani,  C.  R.,  Ixxxiv.,  1509,  1877;  2,  3,  Dolter, 
Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  i.,  524,  526, 1878  ;  4,  5,  Mien,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sc.,  i.,  322,  1879; 
6,  Penfield,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xx.,  259,  1880  ;  7,  J.  L.  Smith,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxi.,  128, 
188 1 ;  8,  (tenth,  priv.  contrib.  The  spodumene  from  Pennikoja,  in  Somero,  Finland,  has 
been  analyzed  by  Cajander,  (Efv;  Ak.  Finsk.,  xvii.,  70,  1874-5. 

SiO2  A12O3                   FeO  MnO  CaO  MgO  Li2O  K2O  Na2O  ign. 

1.  Brazil,  G.  3'16  63'80  27'93                       1'05  0'12  0'46  6'75  0  89  =  lOl'OO. 

2.  Norwich  63'79  27'C3                       0'39  ....   0'73  0'21  7'04  0'12  MO  ....  =  100-41. 

3.  Brazil  63'34  27'66                       1  15 0'69 7'09           0'98 =  100'91. 

4.  Goshen,  G.  =  3'19  63'27  23-73  Fe*O3   1'17  0'64  O'll  202  6'89  1'45  0'99  0'36  =  100-68. 

5.  Chesterfield,  G.  =  3-185-3'201  61-86  23'43  Fe2O3  2'73  1-04  079  1  55  6'99  1-33  0'50  0'46  =  100'68. 

6.  Branchville,  G.  =  3'193             (!)  64'25  27'20  Fe2O3  0'20 7'62  tr.   039024=    99'90. 

7.  Alexander  Co.,  N.  C.,  Hiddenite, 

G.  =  3-152-8-189  64'35    28'10         Fe2Oo  0'25  . .  .     7'05  0'50  0'15  =  100'40. 

8.  Alexander  Co.,  N.  C.,  Hiddenite, 

G.  =  3-166  63-95    26'58  Cr2O3  0  18  I'll 6'82  0'07  T54  =  100'25. 

All  of  these  analyses  correspond  more  or  less  closely  to  the  true  formula  (Dolter)  of  the 
species,  viz. :  LioAl2Si4Oi2;  note  the  chrqmium  found  by  Genth  in  hiddenite  (anal.  8). 

The  variety  of  spodumene  from  Alexander  Co.,  N.  0.  (anal.  7,  8\  occurs  in  prismatic  crys- 
tals from  %  inch  to  3  inches  in  length.  The  crystals  are  often  highly  modified,  show- 
ing many  planes  not  before  observed  on  the  species;  they  are  often  twins;  the  forms  have 
been  described  by  E.  S.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxii.,  179.  Perfectly  transparent,  and 
color  from  pale  yellowish  green  to  deep  emerald  green ;  those  of  the  latter  color  are  highly 
valued  as  gems,  having  a  peculiar  brilliancy,  as  compared  with  the  emerald,  in  consequence 
of  the  pleochroism;  the  largest  stone  cut  thus  far  weighs  nearly  2|  carats.  They  occur  in 
cavities  in  a  gneissoid  rock,  with  emerald  (q.  v.),  quartz,  monazite,  rutile,  mica.  The  name 
hiddenite  was  given  by  Smith,  after  W.  E.  Hidden,  through  whom  they  have  been  intro- 
duced as  gems,  and  who  has  succeeded  in  finding  them  in  place  ;  those  first  found  (by  J. 
A.  D.  Stephenson)  were  of  a  pale  yellowish-green  color,  and  were  obtained  loose  in  the 
overlying  soil. 

The  ALTERATION  OF  SPODUMENE  at  Goshen  and  Chesterfield,  Mass.,  has  been  studied  by 
Mien,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sc.,  i.,  318,  1879  ;  that  of  the  Branchville  mineral  has  been 
investigated  by  G.  J.  Brush  and  E  S.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xx.,  257, 1880  (or  Z.  Kryst., 
v.,  102). 

According  to  Julien,  the  Chesterfield  crystals  are  often  of  immense  size,  reaching  a 
length  of  35  inches,  and  a  diameter  of  10  or  11  inches  (see  above  4,  5,  for  analyses  of 
unaltered  material).  Julien  describes  pseudomorphs  after  spodumene  of  cymatolite,  of 
killinite,  of  muscovite,  of  albite,  of  quartz,  and  of  "  vein  granite."  The  substance  (see 
below)  called  cymatolite  by  Shepard,  has  a  fibrous  to  wavy  structure,  silky  lustre,  white 
-color;  H.  =  l'5-2;  G.  =  2'696-2'700.  The  cymatolite  from  Goshen  was  earlier  (Eng.  Min. 


APPENDIX   ITT. 


113 


J.,  xxii.,  217)  called  AGLAITE  by  the  same  author. 
2,  Barrus  Farm,  Goshen ;  3,  Chesterfield  Hollow. 


Analyses  :  1,  Manning  Farm,  Gosheii; 


1.  58-51 

2.  Aglaite  58 -11 

3.  (5)  58-58 


A1203 
21-80 
24-38 

22-28 


Fe,03 
0-85 
1-66 
1-77 


MnO 
0-29 
0-18 
0-15 


MgO 
1-44 
0-75 
0-45 


*  With  nitrogenous  organic  matter  0'44. 


CaO 
084 
0-48 
0-93 


LiaO 

0-19 
0-09 
0-10 

t  Do.  0-43. 


Na20 

6-88 
2-57 
9-08 


K20 


8-88 
4-48 


H20 

2-40*  =  99-88. 

3-Olf  =  99-61. 

2-081  =  99-90. 


^  Do.  undet. 


The  killinite  has  the  following  characters  :  H.  —  3-5;  G.  =  2 '623-2-652.  Lustre  dull 
and  greasy  to  vitreous.  Color  greenish  gray  to  olive  green  and  greenish  black.  Analysis, 
Chesterfield  Hollow  : 


Si02 
46-80 


A1203 
3252 


FeO 
2-33 


MnO 
004 


CoO 

0-04 


MgO 

0-48 


CaO 
0-77 


Li20 
0-32 


078 


K20 
7-24 


H20 
7-66, 


organic 


matter  1-14 
[=  100-12. 

Brush-  and  Dana  describe,  from  Branchville,  Ct.,  pseudomorphs  after  spodumene,  of  a 
substance  called  ft  spodumene  (mixture  of  albite  and  eucryptite)  of  cymatolite  (mixture  of 
albite  and  muscovite),  of  albite,  of  microcline,  of  killinite,  of  "  vein  granite. "  The1  orig- 
inal crystals  of  spodumene  (now  mostly  altered)  were  of  great  size,  sometimes  4  feet  long, 
12  inches  wide,  and  2  to  4  inches  thick.  The  unaltered  spodumene  occurring  as  a  core  in 
many  large  crystals  is  transparent,  and  either  colorless  or  of  a  fine  amethystine  purple; 
for  analysis  see  6,  above. 

The  first  product  of  the  alteration,  resulting  from  the  exchange  of  Na  for  one-half  the 
Li,  is  a  substance  called  ft  spodumene.  It  is  compact,  apparently  homogeneous,  with  an 
indistinct  fibrous  to  columnar  structure.  H.  =  5'5-6.  G.  =  2-644-2*649.  Color  white, 
milky,  or  greenish  white.  Translucent.  Fusibility,  2*25.  Three  analyses  on  material 
from  different  crystals  gave  nearly  identical  results.  It  is  decomposed  by  HC1  into  two 
portions,  one  soluble  and  the  other  insoluble.  Analyses  by  Penfield  :  1,  "of  the  original 
material;  2,  the  soluble  portion  (32-10  p.  c.,  calculated  to  100);  3,  insoluble  portion  (67-56 
p.  c.,  calculated  to  100) : 


Si02 
1.  ^spodumene  (|)     61-51 


2.  Soluble  part 

3.  Insoluble  part 


48-13 
68-18 


AL03 
2fi-r><} 
40-50 
20-07 


Li20 

3-50 

10-90 


Na20 
8-14 

11-75 


KoO 
0-15 
0-47 


ign. 
0-29 


100-15. 

100. 

100. 


The  whole  has  the  composition  (Li,Na)2Al2Si40,«,  or  Li2Al2Si208  +  Na2Al2Si6Oi, 
insoluble  part  is  albite  (Na3Al2SiGOiB);  the  soluble 
portion  is  a  new  mineral  called  eucryptite  (e v,  well, 
KpvTCTo*,  concealed),  and  has  the  composition  Li2Al2 
Si2Ot..  Examined  under  the  microscope  in  thin  sec- 
tions (1)  parallel  to  fibres,  the  irregular  interlacing 
fibres  of  eucryptite  are  seen  imbedded  in  albite;  (2) 
transverse  to  fibres,  the  eucryptite  forms  bands  with 
hexagonal  outline  (see  figure),  surrounded  by  albite, 
like  quartz  in  a  "  graphic  granite."  See  also  Eucryp- 
tite, p.  44. 

The  second  stage  in  the  alteration  is  cymatolite  ;  it 
results  from  ft  spodumene,  by  the  exchange  of  K  for 
the  remaining  Li,  that  is,  the  change  of  eucryptite  to 
muscovite.  The  cymatolite  has  a  fibrous  or  wavy 
structure.  G.  =  2-o92-2  699;  color  white  or  slightly 
pinkish.  Two  analyses  by  Penfield,  of  independent 
specimens,  gave  essentially  identical  results;  one  of 
these  is : 


The 


/^ 

\< A/ST7 


Si02 
60-55 
8 


A1203 
26-38 


MnO 
0-07 


Na20 
812 


K20 
3-34 


Li20 
0-17 


H20 

165    =     100-28. 


114 


APPENDIX   III. 


This  corresponds  to:  (Na,K,H)2Al2Si4012,  or  (K,E)2Al2Si20B-+  Na2Al,Si6016.  The 
microscopic  examination  shows  that  cymatolite  is  not,  as  previously  assumed,  a  simple 
mineral,  but,  corresponding  to  the  formula,  a  very  uniform  me- 
chanical mixture  of  muscovite  and  albite.  In  some  sections  the 
transitions  from  ft  spodumene  to  cymatolite,  i.  e. ,  from  eucryp- 
tite  to  muscovite,  are  clearly  seen.  In  other  cases  the  muscovite 
and  albite  have  each  segregated  together,  so  that  they  are  dis- 
tinct. For  example,  in  the  figure,  s  =  unaltered  spodumene, 
ft  =fj  spodumene,  c  =  cymatolite,  g  =  mica,  a  =  albite. 

As  further  steps  in  the  alteration  there  result :  albite,  often 
fibrous,  like  ft  spodumene,  also  muscovite,  and  granular  micro- 
cline.  Still  again  pseudomorphs  occur  of  killinite.  This  often 
retains  the  structure  of  the  spodumene.  The  color  is  light  bluish 
green,  to  oil  green  and  dark  grass  green.  Analyses:  1,  Penfield, 
of  variety  showing  prismatic  structure  ;  2,  Dewey,  of  compact 
variety. 


Si02 

1.  48-93 

2.  53-47 


A1203 
34-72 
32-36 


Fe203 
0-54 

0-79 


FeO 
0-33 

0-42 


MnO 
0-64 
0-72 


CaO 

0-17 


KoO 

9-64 
7-68 


Na.,0 
0-35 
0-44 


Li.,0 
0-04 


H20 

5-04  =--  100-19. 

4-07  =  100-16. 


The  examination  of  thin  sections  under  the  microscope  showed  a  slight  want  of  homo- 
geneity, and  also  revealed  a  very  fine  scaly  micaceous  structure  ;  the  killinite  is  doubtless 
to  be  regarded  as  an  impure  compact  muscovite,  like  most  other  members  of  the  pinite 
group. 

The  following  scheme  explains  the  above  changes  of  the  spodumene,  supposing  an  ex- 
change of  the  alkali  metal: 


2[Li2Al2Si4Oi2]  =  [Li2Al2SinOrt  +  Na2AloSi6Oifi]  ft  spodumene. 
Spodumene  Eucryptite  Albite 

=  [(K,H)2Al2Si208  +  Na2AloSifiOifl]  cymatolite. 
Muscovite  Albite 


=  (K,H)2Al2Si2Ot 

Muscovite 
(or  killinite.) 


Na2Al2Sir,O1(i  albite, 

or  K2ALSiG016  microcline. 


For  further  explanations  reference  must  be  made  to  the  original  papers. 
STANNITE.— Min.,  p.  68  ;  App.  II.,  p.  52. 

STAUROLTTE,  Min.,  p.  388  ;  App.  II.,  p.  52. — Cryst..  v.  KoJcscJiarof,  Min.  Russl.,  vii., 
159,  1875;  viii.,  110,  1881. 

New  twins  and  drillings,  Fannin  Co.,  Ga.,  E.  S.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xi.,  384, 
1875. 

A  related  mineral  is  called  XANTHOLITE  by  Heddle  (Min.  Mag.,  iii.,  59,  1879).  In 
rough  nodular  crystals  (monociinic  ?),  imbedded  in  biotite.  Cleavage  in  one  direction  dis- 
tinct. H.  —  6'7.  Lustre  vitreous  to  pearly.  Color  yellowish  brown.  Fracture  conchoidal. 
Analysis  : 


SiOo        A12O3      Fe,03 
27-12        45-91        8-64 


FeO 
6'91 


MnO 
0'53 


CaO 
3'67 


MgO 
4-41 


H.,0 


0-09   =    10016. 


The  material  analyzed  was  not  free  from  biotite.  The  larger  crystals  often  contain 
small  imbedded  crystals,  with  one  perfect  cleavage,  and  of  a  dark  green  color,  which,  it  is 
thought,  may  perhaps  be  the  same  mineral.  Found  with  wollastonite,  garnet,  and  zircon, 
near  Milltown,  Loch  Ness,  Scotland. 

[The  composition  of  the  mineral,  as  remarked  by  Heddle,  is  essentially  that  of  stauro- 
lite,  and  as  the  want  of  perfect  homogeneity  in  the  material  analyzed  is  admitted,  and  as 


APPENDIX   HI.  115 

staurolite  is  a  species  which  is  conspicuous  for  its  inclosing  impurities,  no  good  reason  can 
be  given  for  separating  this  mineral  from  it.     It  does  not  deserve  a  name.] 

Steatargillite.  E.  E.  Schmid,  Ber.  Med.-Nat.  Ges.  Jena,  July  9,  1880.  A  doubtful 
substance,  filling,  with  quartz  and  ferrite,  the  small  amygdaloidal  cavities  in  the  porphy- 
ritic  rocks  of  the  Hollekopf,  at  Kammerberg,  and  of  the  Tragberg,  at  Langewiesen,  near 
Ilmenau.  Massive,  earthy.  H.  =  125.  G.  =  2'29-2'46.  Color  white  to  light  green. 
Feel  greasy.  B.  B.  fuses  to  a  greenish  gray  black  specked  enamel ;  yields  much  water  in 
the  tube,  becoming  black,  and  giving  a  bituminous  odor.  Analyses  :  1,  green,  Hollekopf 
(insol.  6  p.  c.);  2,  green,  Tragberg;  3,  white,  Hollekopf  (insol.  about  2  p.  c.)  : 

Si02  Fe,03  Alo03  FeO  MgO  CaO  HoO 

1.  G   =2-287    87-20  25'56          809'  3'78  15-56  0'98  8'70*  =  99'36. 

2.  G.  =2-465    32-77  17'73  1112  12-51  14-19  0'91  9'77f  =  99-00. 

3.  G.  =2-307    38-67  24'72  10'69  0'95  12'95  136  9-65J  =  98'99. 

*  In  vacuo,  at  ordinary  temperature  1-91  ;  at  100C  3'90.          t  Do.  4-55,  2'52.          J  Do.  070,  7'27. 

[The  author  justly  remarks  that  the  material  analyzed  was  not  homogeneous.  This  is 
not  a  mineral  species.  Compare  delessite,  hullite  (this  App.,  p.  60),  etc.] 

Steeleite.— See  Morde.nite,  p.  83. 

STEPHANITE,   Min.,  p.  106  ;  App.  II.,   p.  53. — Cryst.,  Freiberg,   Saxony,  Groth,  Min.- 
Samml.  Strassburg.  p.  (59,  1878.     Przibram,  Vrba,  Z.  Kiyst.,  v.,  418,  1831. 
Anal.,  Przibram,  Kolar,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  435,  1881. 

STERCORITE,  Min.,  p.  551. — Anal.,  Guanape  Islands,  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou,  p.  28,  1878. 
STEKLINGITE. — App.  II.,  p.  53  (15). 

STERNBERGITE,.  Min.,  p.  54. — Recent  analyses  of  minerals  identical  with  or  closely  related 
to  sternbergite :  1,  Joachimsthal,  Rammelsberg,  Min.  Chem.  ~d  ed.,  p.  66,  1875;  2,  Andre - 
asberg,  Strong,  J.  Min.,  1878,  794;  3,  Joachimsthal,  Janovsky,  Z.  Kryst,,  iii.,  187,  1878; 

4,  Freiberg   (argyropyrite   of  Weisbach,    see  below),  Winkler,  Jahrb.  Berg-Hiitt.,  1878; 

5,  6,  Joachiinsthal  (frieseite  of  Vrba,  see  below),  Prcis,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  187,  1878. 

S  Ag  Fe 

1.  29-10  35-27  35-97     =     100-34. 

2.  30-71  32-89  35'89,  Cu  0-19  =  99'74. 

3.  33-14  30-03  34-67,  SiO,  1-32  =  99'16. 

4.  Argyropyrite,  G.  =  4'206    32 '81  29 '75  36  -28  =  98 '84. 

5.  Frieseite  33'0  29'1  37'4    =  99'5. 

6.  Frieseite  33*9  27 -6  37 -3    =  98  8. 

To  the  above  analyses,  which  show  a  continual  increase  in  sulphur  and  iron,  and  a  corre- 
sponding decrease  in  silver,  Vrba  (Z.  Kryst  ,  iii.,  186)  adds  the  argentopyrite  of  v.  Walters- 
hausen,  which  gave  him  S  34'2,  Ag  26-5,  Fe  39 -3  ;  Schrauf  (Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  Ixiv.,  192, 
18?1)  has  shown  that  this  is  not  a  pseudomorph  (Min.,  p.  39>,  but  an  independent  species 
(G.  .—  5'53)  isomorphous  with  sternbergite.  According  to  Streng  (J.  Min.,  1878,  785),  who 
describes  crystals  of  "Silberkies"  from  Andreasberg  (anal.  2  above),  the  composition  of  the 
above  series  of  minerals  may  be  expressed  by  the  general  formula  Ag2S  +  j)FenSn  .h  1,  of 
which  the  first  member  is  acanthite,  and  the  second  pyrrhotite;  on  the  ground  of  this 
relation  he  is  led  to  suggest  that  the  latter  mineral  may  be  only  pseudo-hexagonal  (ortho- 
rhombic),  and  then  it  would  be  isomorphous  with  acanthite.  Vrba  regards  this  sugges- 
tion as  not  improbable. 

Weisbach's  argyropyrite  (anal.  4,  above)  occurs  at  the  Ilimmelfurst  mine,  at  Freiberg,  in 
small  crystals,  orthorhombic  but  pseudo-hexagonal,  through  twinning.  Cleavage  basal, 
perfect.  H.  =  2.  G.  —  4 '206.  Color  on  fresh  fracture  yellow  bronze.  Not  brittle. 
Weisbach  also  found  smaller  crystals  of  similar  form  aad  cclor  at  Marienberg.  H.  =  4. 
G.  =  4-06-4-12.  Brittle. 


116  APPENDIX   III. 

Vrba's  frieseite  (anal.  5,  6,  above)  is  from  Joachimsthal,  Bohemia.  In  small,  thick,  tabu- 
lar, and  rectangular  crystals;  orthorhombic,  and  very  near  sternbergite  in  angle,  also  simi- 
larly twinned  parallel  1(1  /\  I  =  118°  20').  Cleavage  basal,  perfect.  In  thin  laminaB, 
flexible.  Color  pinchbeck  brown  to  blackish  brown.  In  very  thin  plates  dark  greenish 
gray,  translucent.  H.  about  2.  G.  —  4 '217.  Associated  with  dolomite,  smaltite,  pyrrho- 
tite,  proustite,  rittingerite.  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  153,  1878;  iii.,  186,  1878;  v.,  426,  1881. 

STELEFELDTITE. — Min.,  p.  188;  App.  II.,  p.  53. 

Stibianite.     E.  Goldsmith,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1878,  154. 

An  alteration  product  of  stibnite,  from  Victoria,  Australia.  Massive,  porous.  Color 
reddish  yellow,  of  powder  pale  yellow.  Lustre  dull.  H.  =5.  Gr.  —  3  67.  Analysis  by 
W.  H.  Dougherty  (I.e.) :  Sb20r,  81*21,  H20  4'46,  gangue  13-55.  After  deduction  of  the 
impurities  :  Sb2O5  94'79,  H.20  5'21  =  100,  which  corresponds  to  the  formula  Sb-203  +  H20. 
[So  obviously  impure  a  material  cannot  rank  as  a  species.  It  is  near  stibiconite,  but,  ac- 
cording to  Goldsmith,  contains  only  Sb205.] 

STIBICONITE,  Min.,  p.  188. — Anal,  (by  Santos)  of  a  related  mineral  from  Sevier  Co.,  Ar- 
kansas, Mallet,  Chem.  News,  xxxvi.,  167,  1877.  Borneo,  Freitzel,  Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  298. 
Chayramonte,  Cajamarca,  Peru,  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou,  p.  196,  1878. 

In  extensive  deposits  in  Sonora,  Mexico,  E.  T.  Cox,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xx.,  421,  1880. 

STIBIOFERRITE. — App.  II.,  p.  53. 

STIBIOTRIARGENTITE,  STIBIOHEXARGENTITE. — App.  I.,  p.  15. 

STIBNITE,  Min.,  p.  29  ;  App.  II.,  p.  53. — Cryst.,  Arnsberg,  Westphalia,  Seligmann,  J. 
Min.,  1880,  i.,  135. 

Anal.,  Sevier  Co.,  Ark.,  -Dunnington,  Amer.  Assoc.,  1877,  183.  Several  analyses,  C.  E. 
Wait,  with  description  of  occurrence  in  Arkansas,  Trans.  Amer.  Inst.  Min.  Eng.,  viii., 
43  et  seq.,  1880. 

STILBITE,  Min.,  p.  442;  App.  II.,  p.  53. — Monoclinic,  according  to  v.  Lasaulx  (Z.  Kryst. > 
ii.,  576,  1878),  and  isomorphous  with  harmotome  and  stilbite.  On  its  chemical  relations  to 
these  species,  Fresenius,  ib  ,  iii.,  42,  1878. 

Anal,  (spwerostttbite),  Annapolis  Co.,  Nova  Scotia,  How,  Phil.  Mag.,  V.,  i.,  134,  1876. 
Faroe,  Heddle,  Min.  Mag.,  i.,  91,  1877.     San  Piero,  Elba,  Grattarola  and  Sansoni,  Att. 
Ace.  Tosc.,  iv.,  173,  1879  ;  Sansoni,  ib.,  p.  312.     Miage  Glacier,  Mt.  Blanc,   Cossa,  Ace. 
Line.  Trans.,  III.,  v.,  86,  1881. 
,     See  also  Foresite,  p.  47. 

STILPNOMELANE,  Min.,  p.  460.— Microscop.  exam.,  Fischer,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  368,  1880. 
STIRLINGITE. — App.  II.,  p.  53  (49). 

Strengite.  A.  Nies,  J.  Min.,  1877,  8  ;  G.  A.  Konig,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad., 
1 877  277 

Orthorhonfbic.  Observed  planes,  i-l,  i-2,  1.  Axes,  c  (vert.) :  b  :  a  —  T1224  : 11855  :1. 
t-_g  A  i_g  =  118°  51',  i-i  A  1  =  129°  11',  1  A  1  =  101°  38'  and  115°  36'  (terminal)  =  111° 
30'  (basal).  Cleavage  i-l,  imperfect.  Crystals  rare;  in  habit  and  angle  near  scorodite. 
Generally  in  spherical  and  botryoidal  forms,  aggregates  with  radiated  fibrous  structure,  and 
drusy  surface.  H.  =  3-4.  G.  =2-87.  Lustre  vitreous,  brilliant.  Color  peach-blossom 
red,  carmine  red,  and  various  other  shades;  sometimes  nearly  colorless.  Streak  yellowish 
white.  Translucent  to  transparent.  Analyses  :  1,  Nies,  after  deducting  0'15  insol. ;  2, 
Konig. 

P205  Fe.203  H20 

1.  EleonoreMine          37'42  43'18  19-40     =     100. 

2.  Rockbridge  Co.        39  "30  42 -30  19*87    =     101 '47. 


APPENDIX  m.  117 

Formula  [Fe2]P208  +  4aq;  which  requires  :  P205  37-97,  Fe2(>3  42'78,  H20  19'25  =  100. 
The  mineral  is  isomorphous  with  scorodite,  and  closely  related  in  composition  to  barran- 
dite.  In  form  also  near  reddingite.  B.  B.  fuses  readily  to  a  black  shining  bead,  coloring 
the  flame  bluish  green.  Iron  reaction  with  borax.  Dissolves  easily  in  warm  HC1;  in  HN03 
insoluble. 

Occurs  with  cacoxenite,  at  the  Eleonore  iron  mine,  near  Giessen;  also  in  colorless  crys- 
tals with  eleonorite,  at  the  Rothlaufchen  mine,  near  Waldgirmes,  in  the  same  region.  In 
distinct  crystals,  pink  to  red,  in  cavities  in  dufrenite,  from  liockbridge  Co.,  Va  ;  the  crys- 
tals are  different  in  habit  from  those  described  by  Nies,  and  allow  of  only  approximate 
measurements.  Named  after  Prof.  A.  Streng,  of  Giessen. 

STRIGOVITE. — App.  II.,  p.  53. 
STROMEYERITE. — Min.,  p.  54;  App.  II.,  p.  54. 

STRONTIAXITE,  Min.,  p.  699;  App.  II.,  p.  54.— Cryst.  description,  new  forms,  twins  like 
aragonite,  Hamm,  Westphalia,  Laspeyres,  Verh.  Nat.  Ver.  Bonn,  xxxiii.,  308,  1876.  Mif- 
flin  Co.,  Penn.,  //.  C.  Lewis,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.Phil.,  1876,  11. 

STRUVITE,  Min.,  p.  551;  App.  II.,  p.  54.— Cryst..,  Sadebeck,  Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  113,  221; 
vomRath,  Ber.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn,  Jan.  7,  1878;  anal,  by  Mac  Ivor,  ib.,  Jan.  13,  1879. 

Stutzite.     Schrauf,  Z   Kryst.,  ii.,  245,  1878. 

Monoclinic,  with  pseudo-hexagonal  symmetry  (clino-hexagonal).  Crystals  highly  modi- 
fied, 39  occurring  planes ;  vertically  striated  in  prismatic  zone.  Isomorphous  witJi  dyscra- 
site  and  chalcocite,  and  in  form  near  jordanite.  Lustre  metallic.  Color  lead  gray,  with 
reddish  tinge.  Streak  blackish  lead  gray.  Fracture  uneven  to  subconchoidal. 

Composition  uncertain,  perhaps  Ag4Te,  requiring  Te  22'5,  Ag  77'5  —  100.  The  silver 
percentage  determined  approximately  with  the  blowpipe  =  72  p.  c.  (1),  =  77  p.  c.  (2). 
Easily  fusible  to  a  dark  bead,  from  which  a  silver  globule  is  obtained  by  reduction  with 
soda. 

Identified  on  a  single  specimen  in  the  collection  of  the  Vienna  University;  locality 
probably  Nagyag,  Transylvania.  Associated  with  gold  and  hessite  on  quartz.  Named 
after  Stiitz,  who,  in  1803,  described  a  tellurium  mineral  from  Nagyag,  which  was  prob- 
ably identical  with  this,  and  called  it  tellursilberblende. 

STYPTICITE.— See  Fibroferrite,  p.  47. 
Subdelessite.— See  Delessite,  p.  36. 
Sulfuricin. — See  Melanophlogite,  p.  74. 
Sulfatallophane.— See  Allophane,  p.  3. 
SULPHATITE.— Min.,  p.  614;  App.  II.,  p.  54. 

SULPHUR,  Min.,  p.  20;  App.  II.,  p.  54— Cryst.,  v.  Kokscharof,  Min.  Russl.,  vi.,  368, 
1874.  vom  Rath,  Pogg.  Ann.,  civ.,  41,  1875.  Sicily,  v.  Zepharovich,  Lotos,  1876  (J  Min, 
1876,  5<>1);  Groth,  Min.-Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  8,  262,  1878;  Fletcher,  Phil.  Mag.,  V.,  ix., 
186,  1880. 

SUSANNITE,  Min,  p.  626;  App.  II.,  p.  54.— See  LeadhilUte,  p.  67. 

SYLVAITCTE,  Min.,  p.  81:  App.  II.,  p.  54.— Cryst.  discussion  of  the  system  (monoclinic), 
Schrauf,  Z  Kryst.,  ii.,  211,  1878. 

Anal.,  Grand  View  mine,  Colorado,  F.  W.  Clarke,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xiv.,  286,  1877. 
Smuggler  mine,  Col.,  Jennings,  Trans.  Am.  Inst.  Min.  Eng.,  vi.,  507,  1877. 

SYLVITE,  Min.,  p.  Ill  ;  App.  II..  p.  54.— Vesuvius,  ScaccM,  Att.  Accad.  Napoli.  vi., 
1873  (Contrib.  Min.,  II  ,  23).  A  salt  from  Vesuvius,  yielded  W.  Smith,  KC1  37'13,  NaCl 
31-01,  K2S04  1-86  =  100,  Ch.  News,  xxxvi.,57,  1877. 


118  APPENDIX  IIL 

SYNGENITE.  —  App.  II.,  p.  54. 

Szaboite.  A.  Koch,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  i,  79,  350,  1878;  von  Lasaulx,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii., 
288,  1879  ;  Gonnard,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii  ,  150,  184,  1879. 

Triclinic  ;  in  minute  (1  mm.  long,  '5  broad)  thin  tabular  (*-4)  prismatic  crystals,  termi- 
nated at  one  extremity  and  vertically  striated  ;  also  acicular.  1  /\  1  =  87°  15',  i-l  /\I  = 
133°  34'.  H.  =  6-7.  G.  =  3'5U5.  Lustre  vitreous;  on  some  planes  tending  to  metallic 
and  pearly.  Color  hair  brown  ;  in  thinnest  translucent  crystals  brownish  red,  hyacinth 
red.  Streak  tending  to  copper  red.  Translucent  to  opaque.  Analysis  : 


SiO>         Fe203(Alo03  tr.)   CaO(MgOtr.)    NaoO  ign. 

.  52-35  4470  3'12  tr.  040     =     10057. 

The  calculated  formula  is  Ca2[Fe2]iiSi35Oiof,,  orRSiOs?  but  v.  Lasaulx  remarks  that  the 
iron  is  probably  mostly  present  as  FeO.  B.  B.  fuses  with  difficulty;  with  borax  an  iron 
bead.  Partially  decomposed  by  IIC1.  Related  in  composition  to  babingtonite,  and  in  form 
to  the  pyroxene  group  ;  most  closely  to  rhodonite. 

Occurs  with  pseudobrookite  (q.  v.)  and  tridymite,  in  cavities  in  the  andesite  of  the  Aran- 
yer  Berg,  Transylvania.  Also  on  Mte.  Calvario  (Etna),  near  Biancaville,  Sicily;  also 
Riveau-  Grand,  Monte  Dore.  Named  after  Prof.  J.  Szabo,^of  Budapest. 

Szmikite.      T.  von  Schrdckinger,  Verb.  Geol.  Reichs.,  1877,  115. 

Amorphous,  stalactitic,  with  botryoidal  surface.  H.  —  1*5.  G.  =  3  "15.  Color  whitish, 
on  the  fracture  reddish  white  to  rose  red.  Fracture  earthy,  splintery.  Analyses:  1, 
Schrauf;  2,  Dietrich,  gave: 

S02  MnO  HoO 

1.  47-43  41-78  10-92     =     100-13. 

2.  47-11  41-61  11-19     =      99-91. 

These  correspond  to  the  formula  :  MnSO,  +  H20,  requiring:  S03  47  '43,  MnO  42*01,  H20 
10'65  =  100.  Exposed  to  damp  air  in  small  fragments  becomes  deeper  red,  and  increases 
slightly  in  weight.  From  Felsobanya,  Transylvania.  Named  after  Mr.  Szmik,  Coun- 
sellor of  Mines. 

TACHYLYTE,  Min.,  p.  245.  —  Occurrence  of  a  similar  mineral  in  the  basalt  of  Royat,  Puy- 
dc-D6me,  Gonnard,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iii.,  211,  1880. 

TALC.—  Min.,  p.  451;  App.  II.,  p.  54. 
TALCOSITE.—  App.  I.,  p.  15. 
TAMMITE.  —  App.  II.,  p.  55. 

TANTALITE,  Min.,  p.  514;  App.  II.,  p.  55.  —  From  North  Carolina,  Konig,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat. 
Sc.  Phil.,  1876,  39.  Coosa  Co.,  Ala.,  J.  L.  Smith,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xiv.,  323,  1877.  Yan- 
cey  Co.,  N.  C.,  analysis.  Comstoek  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xix.,  131,  1880):  (3)  Ta,05  59-92,  Cb2O5 
23-63,  FeO  12'86,  MnO  3-06,  MgO  0'34  =  99'81.  Massive.  G.  =  6  '88. 

See  also  Columbite,  p.  29. 

A  manganesian  variety  is  called  MANGANTANTALITE  by  A.  E.  Nordenskiold  (Geol.  For. 
Forh.,  iii.,  284,  1877).  In  orthorhombic  (?)  crystals.  Cleavage  in  one  direction  distinct, 


in  two  others  less  so;  the  last  make  with  each  other  and  with  the  first-named  nearly  right 
H.  =  5-5-6.     G.  =  6-3.     Lustre  vitreous.     Color  reddish  to  blackish  brown;  by 
transmitted  light  a  fine  red. 


angles. 


Composition  given  by  the  (approximate)  analysis  :  T»205(Cb«O*)  85'5,  MnO  9'5,  FeO  3-6, 
CaO  1-2  =  99-8.  Formula,  (Mn,Ca,Fe)Tas6«,  which  requires  :  Ta,0,  86 -43,  MnO  9'01,  FeO 
3-42,  CaO  1-14  =  100.  B.  B.  unaltered:  gives  a  clear  bead  with  salt  of  phosphorus;  with 
soda  a  manganese  reaction.  Occurs  with  tourmaline,  petalite,  lepidolite,  rnicrolite,  at  Tito, 
Sweden.  [The  specific  gravity  leaves  little  doubt  that  the  mineral  contains  considerable 


APPENDIX   III.  H9 

columbic  acid  (say  30  p.  c.),  and  is  to  be  considered  as  a  mere  variety  of  tantalite  or  colum- 
bite.     Compare  the  manganese  columbite  of  Branch ville,  p.  29.] 

TAPALPITE. — App.  II.,  p.  55. 
TAPIOLITE.— Min.,  p.  518;  App.  II.,  p.  55. 

Tarapacaite.  Raimondi,  Mineraux  du  Perou,  p.  274,  1878.  Occurs  in  minute  fragments 
of  a  brilliant  yellow  color,  in  the  midst  of  soda  nitre  (caliche).  Essentially  a  potassium 
chromate,  but  mixed  with  a  little  sodium  chloride,  sodium  nitrate,  and  sodium  arid  potas- 
sium sulphates.  From  the  province  of  Tarapaca,  Peru  ;  also  (Domcyko,  Min.  Chili,  3d 
ed.,  447)  in  the  natural  salt  deposits  of  the  desert  of  Atacama,  Chili.  [Needs  further 
examination.] 

Taznite.     Domeyko,  C.R,  Ixxxy.,  977,  1877;  Min.  Chili,  3d  ed.,  p.  298,  1879. 

Amorphous,  more  or  less  fibrous  in  structure.  Earthy.  Color  yellow.  Soluble  in  hydro- 
chloric acid.  Regarded  as  an  arsenio-antimonate  of  bismuth,  analogous  to  bindheimite, 
and  believed  to  have  been  derived  from  the  alteration  of  some  sulpharsenite  or  anti- 
monate  of  bismuth.  Very  impure,  from  the  admixture  of  varying  quantities  of  bismuth 
ochre.  An  analysis  gave:  Bi203  (sol.  in  HXO>)  42*00,  Bi.O:i  (united  with  Sb  and  As) 
29-50,  SbnO,  5-29,  Afi,O,  12-20,  FeoO;,  700,  H<>0  4'90,  insol.  1  '00  =  101-89.  A  second 
analysis  gave  :  Bi«03  51-35,  Sb2O3  1M7,  As,,0s  16'54,  Fe2O3  8'70.  HaO  4-54,  insol.  (sili- 
cates) 12-50  =  98-80.  Obtained  with  other  bismuth  minerals  from  the  mines  of  Tazna  and 
of  Choroloque,  in  Bolivia.  [A  heterogeneous  substance.] 

Telaspyrine.  (\  U.  She-par  d,  Contrib.  Min.,  1877.  Pyrito  containing  tellurium,  from 
Sunshine  Camp,  Colorado. 

TELLURITE,  Min.,  p.  188. — In  cracks  in  native  tellurium,  at  the  Keystone,  Smuggler 
mines,  and  as  an  incrustation  at  the  John  Jay  mine,  Colorado.  In  minute  prismatic  crys- 
tals. Cleavable  in  one  direction.  Yellow  to  white.  Composition,  TeO2.  Genth,  Am.  Phil. 
Soc.  Philad.,  xvii.,  118,  1877. 

TELLURIUM,  Min.,  p.  19  ;  App.  II.,  p.  55. — From  various  mines  in  Bowlder  County, 
Colorado,  Genth,  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  Philad.,  xvii.,  113, -1877. 

Genth  describes  a  peculiar  variety  from  the  Mountain  Lion  mine,  which  Berdell  has 
called  LIGNITE.  It  occurs  in  thin  plates.  H.  =  3.  G.  =4*005.  Color  dark  gray.  Appar- 
ently homogeneous  in  appearance,  but  in  fact  containing  36  p.  c.  Si02  andCp.c.  A1203 
(Fe203). 

TEXXANTITE,  Min.,  p.  104. — Anal.,  Wilhelmine  mine,  Seilauf,  in  the  Sp'essart,  Petersen, 
J.  Min.,  1881,  i.,  262. 

Sandbcrgerite,  from  several  localities  in  Peru,  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou,  p.  115  et  seq., 
1878. 

A  variety  of  tennantite  is  called  FREDRICITE  by  H.  Sjogren  (Geol.  For.  Forh.,  v.,  82,  1880). 
Massive,  compact.  H.  =  3 '5.  G.  =  4 '65.  Lustre  brilliant,  metallic.  Color  and  streak 
iron  black  ;  sometimes  superficially  tarnished  green,  red,  brown.  Opaque.  Fracture 
uneven.  Brittle.  Analysis : 

S  As  Sb  Sn  Cu  Pb          Ag          Fe 

27 18        17-11         tr.         1-41        43-23      •  3'34        2'87        6  "02  =  100-16. 

Formula  approximately  4RS,  As2S3,  or  that  of  tennantite,  with,  however,  the  unusual  con- 
stituents, lead,  tin,  and  silver.  It  also  differs  from  tennantite  in  color  and  texture.  B.  B. 
decrepitates  and  fuses  easily  to  a  black  shining  mass,  which  gives  a  copper  bead  with  soda. 
In  the  closed  tube  gives  a  sublimate  of  arsenic  trisulphide.  Attacked  slightly  by  IIC1 ; 
decomposed  by  strong  HN03,  with  the  separation  of  lead  sulphide  and  arsenic  trioxide. 
Occurs  in  small  masses  imbedded  in  geocronite.  Associated  with  galenite  at  Falu, 
Sweden. 

TENORITE,  Min.,  p.  Io6. — Triclinic,  according  to  Kalkowsky,  chiefly  on  optical  grounds, 
Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  279,  1879. 


120  APPENDIX  m. 

A  product  of  the  alteration  of  tenorite  is  called  ATELINA  (atelite)  by  Scacchi  (Att.  Accad 
Napoli,  vi,  Dec.  13,  1873).  Observed  as  more  or  less  complete  pseudomorphs  after  teno- 
rite, and  formed  by  the  action  on  the  latter  of  hydrochloric  acid ;  as  a  result  the  black 
color  is  changed  to  green.  An  analysis  gave  :  CuO  40-59,  CuCL  38*19,  HoO  and  loss  16  22 
=  100.  This  corresponds  to  ^'CuO  +  CuCl2  +  3H20,  or  CuCla  +  2(H2Cu02)  +  H,O  which 
•requires:  CuO  45-76,  CuCl,  38'68,  H20  15'56  =  100.  Found  at  Mt.  Vesuvius  as  a  result 
of  the  eruption  of  April,  1872.  [Not  far  from  atacamite.  ] 

TEPHROITE,  Min.,  p.  259;  App.  II.,  p.  55.— Anal.,  Langban,  Sweden,  Pisani,  C.  E., 
Ixxxiv.,  1511,  1877.  An  analysis  of  picrotephroite,  from  Langban,  Weimland,  Sweden, 
gave  S.n  R.  Paijkutt:  SiQ9  83-70,  MhO  5119,  CaO  0*95,  MgO  12-17,  ign.  0  44  =  98'45; 

TEQUEZQUITE.  Corruption  of  Tequixquitl,  a  mineral  substance  formed  of  mixtures  of 
different  salts,  especially  sodium  carbonate,  and  sodium  chloride  ;  from  Texccco,  Zum- 
pango,  in  the  Valle  de  Mexico,  and  elsewhere  in  Mexico.  Naturaleza,  iii.,  ^89-246,  1875. 

TETRAD  YMITE. — Min.,  p.  CO;  App.  II.,  p.  55. 

TETRAHEDRITE,  Min.,  p.  108;  App.  II.,  p.  55.— Cryst.,  twins,  Kopp,  J.  Min.,  1877,  62 
Horhausen,  Seligmann,  Z.  Kryst.,  i,  335,  1877;  Groth,  Min.-Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  06, 
1878.  Horhausen,  vom  Rath,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  258,  1880. 

Analyses,  Newburyport,  Mass.,  Miss  E.  H.  Swallow,  Proc.  Bost.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.,xvii., 

>sr       -1  Orye'  /"1I~M,  O-.1 i _I_J_T       i         TUT     i       -i  i  A  ^.i          -r-«.» 


Min.  Mitth.,  1877,  273,  274.      Huallanca,  Peru,  occurrence    described,  H.  Sewdl,  Am.  J. 
Sc.,  III.,  xv.,  317,  1877  ;    anal,   by  Comstock,  ibid.,  xvii.,  401,  1869.     Hungary,  HidegJi, 
Min.  Mitth.,  ii.,  850,  1879.     Mine  d'Araqueda,  Cajabamba,  Peru,  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou,  p. 
114, 1878.     Arizona  (16-23  Pb),  Clarke  and  Owens,  Am.  Chem.  Journ.,  ii.,  173,  1880. 
Recent  formation  at  Bourbonne-les-Bains,   Daubree,  C.  R.,lxxx.,  463,  1875. 

A  variety  is  called  MALTNOFSKITE  by  Raimondi  (Domeyko,  5th  Append.  Min.  Chili,  1876  ; 
also  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou,  p.  122,  1878).  Occurs  massive.  Color  gray  with  a  metallic 
lustre.  An  analysis  gave  :  S24'27,  Sb  24'74,  As  0'56,  Pb  13-08,  Cu  14-37,  Ag  11;92,  Fe 
9-12,  Zn  1*92  =  100.  Remarkable  for  its  high  percentage  of  lead.  From  the  mines  of 
Carpa  and  Llaccha  (above  anal. ),  district  of  Recuay,  Peru. 

Another  mineral,  near  tetrahedrite,  is  called  FRIGIDITE  by  A .  D'Achiardi.  Rarely  crys- 
tallized ;  generally  granular,  compact,  massive,  with  a  subconchoidal  structure.  H.  =  4. 
Gr.  =  4'8.  Lustre  metallic.  Color  grayish  steel.  Powder  grayish  black.  B.  B.  fuses 
easily,  yielding  copious  antimonial  fumes.  Analysis  by  A.  Funaro  : 

S  Sb  Cu  Fe  Ni          Ag          Zn          Si02 

29-60        25-59        19-32        12-67        7"55        0'04          tr.          2-20     =     96-97. 

This  does  not  correspond  very  closely  with  ordinary  tetrahedrite,  nor  with  the  mineral 
called  COPPITE  by  Bechi,  from  this  same  locality,  and  for  which  he  obtained  :  S  27'01,  Sb 
29-61,  Cu  3010,  Fe  13-08  =  99-80  (referred  to  tetrahedrite  by  D'Achiardi,  Min.  Tosc,,  ii., 
341,  1873).  [In  view,  however,  of  the  incompleteness  of  Funaro's  analysis  (3  p.  c.  loss,  2 
p.  c.  gangue),  the  calculation  of  a  formula  has  but  little  value.]  From  the  mines  in  the 
Valle  del'  Frigido,  Apuan  Alps. 

Thaumasite.  Nordenslciold,  C.  R.,  Ixxxvii.,  314,  1878;  Lindstrom,  CEfv.  Ak.  Stockh.. 
Nov.  13, 1878.  . 

Massive,  compact.  H.  —  3'5.  G.  =  1  '877.  Lustre  greasy,  dull.  Color  white.  Translu- 
cent. Fracture  subconchoidal.  Analyses  by  Lindstrom,  on  material  collected,  1,  byPol- 
heimer,  about  1805;  2,  by  Nordenskiold,  1859;  and  3,  by  Engberg,  1878  : 

Si02  C02  S03  CaO  HoO  A1203  MgO  Na20  K20  Cl 

1.  9-62  6-90  13-12  27-43  42-16      0'17     tr.  0-18  0'07  0--13  =     99'78. 

2.  9-70  6-81  12-59  27-17  41 '80      0'17     ....  0'07  0'07  014=     98'52. 

3.  9-78  6-88  13-34  27-24  42-63      013  0'07  010  010  =  100-27. 


APPENDIX  IH.  121 

The  formula  calculated  by  Lindstrom  is  CaSi03  +  CaC03  +  CaSO,  4-  14aq,  which  re- 
quires :  Si02  9-93,  C02  7 -28,  S03  13-25,  CaO  27'8>,  H20  41'72  =  100.  B.  B.  swells  up, 
colors  the  flame  red,  but  infusible.  In  salt  of  phosphorus  a  skeleton  of  silica.  In  the 
closed  tube  decrepitates  and  gives  oil  much  water. 

Occurs  filling  cavities  and  crevices  at  the  Bjelke  mine,  near  Aareskuta,  Jemtland,  Sweden; 
at  first  soft,  but  hardens  on  exposure  to  the  air.  A  fine  fibrous  chalk-white  mineral  occurs 
with  it,  and  is  regarded  as  a  decomposition  product;  H.  =  1 '5-2-5.  Composition:  Si02 
11-85,  COa  6-86,  S03  13-31,  CaO  25'74,  AlsO»(Fe«0$)  2 -58.  Named  from  $avjua£&),  to  be 
surprised,  in  allusion  to  the  remarkable  composition. 

Tornebohm  (quoted  by  Lindstrom)  states  that  the  material  analyzed  was  homogeneous 
under  the  microscope,  having  a  fibrous  structure.  Bertrand  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iii.,  159;  iv., 
8)  states  that  he  identified  calcite,  gypsum,  and  a  third  mineral,  probably  wollastonite,  in 
thaumasite,  and  hence  regards  it  as  a  mixture  ;  he  states  that  chemical  trials  by  Darnour 
confirm  this  conclusion.  Nordenskiold,  however  (Geol.  For.  Forh.,  v.,  270,  1880),  claims 
that  Bertrand's  observations  were  not  made  on  the  pure  mineral,  and  that  the  mixture  pro- 
posed would  not  have  the  above  composition.  Finally,  Cohen  confirms  by  microscopic 
examination  the  essentially  homogeneous  (J.  Min.,  1881,  ii.,  21  ref.)  appearance;  he  sepa- 
rated some  gypsum  and  a  carbonate  soluble  in  acetic  acid,  but  does  not  regard  the  matter 
as  settled.  A  further  critical  examination  is  needed,  in  view  of  the  seemingly  very  improb- 
able composition  deduced. 

THENARDITE,  Min.,  p.  615.— Province  of  Arequipa,  Peru,  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou,  p.  287, 
1878.  Balchaschsee,  Central  Asia,  vom  Rath,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  430;  Ber.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn, 
Aug.  4,  1879. 

Occurs  in  large  deposits  on  the  Rio  Verde,  Arizona,  B.  Silliman,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  Ill ,  xxii., 
204,  1881.  An  analysis  of  this  by  Dunham  gave:  (s)  S03  5(5'36,  Na20  [43*02],  CaO  0'12, 
MgO  0-02,  C10-10,  insol.  0-38  =  100. 

From  Aguas  Blancas,  Atacarna,  cryst.  anal.,  Bdrwald,  Z.  Kryst.,  vi.,  36,  1881. 

Thinolite. — See  Gay-Lussite,  p.  51. 

THOMSENOLITE,  Min.,  p.  129;  App.  II.,  p.  55.— See  PacJinolite,  p.  88. 

THOMSONITE,  Min.,  p.  424  ;  App.  II.,  p.  55.— Cryst.  form  determined  with  accuracy. 
1  A  1  =  90°  26',  c  (vert.)  :b:&  =  1-0095: 1 :  0'9925,  from  Is.  Laaven,  Langesunfiord,  Nor 
way,  Brogger,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  289,  1878. 

Anal.,  Grand  Mantis,  Minn.,  Konig,  Nat.  Leisure  Hour,  1878,  No.  8.  Monzoni,  John, 
Verh.  Geol.  Reichs.,  1875,  305. 

PecJcham  and  Hall  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xix.,  122,  1880)  describe  in  detail  the  thomsonite 
amygdules  from  the  diabase  of  Grand  Marais,  Lake  Superior.  These  occur  in  place,  and 
also  as  polished  pebbles  on  the  shores  of  the  lake.  Three  varieties  are  distinguished  :  I., 
opaque  white,  resembling  porcelain,  with  conchoidal  or  occasionally  fibrous  structure;  II., 
in  spherical  or  ellipsoidal  forms,  with  fibrous  radiated  structure ;  sometimes  with  several 
centres,  often  flesh-red,  with  zones  of  green,  red,  and  white  ;  III.  (called  LINTONITE),  struct- 
ure fine  granular,  not  radiated  or  crystalline,  and  of  green  color;  sometimes  this  variety 
forms  a  centre  surrounded  by  either  var.  I.  or  II.  Hardness  of  the  different  forms  5-6. 
G.  =2 '33-3 '35;  2  '2  in  weathered  pebbles.  Analyses  by  Miss  L.  A.  Linton  :  1,  var.  I. ;  2, 
var.  II.;  3,  calculated  from  2,  on  the  assumption  that  the  true  amount  of  Si02  is  40  45 
p.  c.  (as  in  1),  the  remainder  being  due  to  free  quartz ;  4,  var.  III. 

Si02        A1203      Fe203      FeO        CaO        Na20       K2O      H20 

1.  5  40-45        29-50        0'23        ....         10'75        4-76        0-36      13'93  =  99'98. 

2.  -|  46-02        26-72        0"81        9-40        3-76        0'39      12-80  =  99-90. 

3.  40-45        29-37        0'88        10-43        4-28        0-42      13-93=99-76. 

4.  Lintonite.  40-61        30-21        0'40        10-37        4-06        0-49      13-75  =  99-89. 

The  analyses  prove  that  all  the  specimens  examined  are  the  same  species,  thomsonite. 
The  polished  pebbles  are  often  of  great  beauty,  and  are  highly  valued  for  ornaments. 

THORITE,  Min.,  p.  413;  App.  II.,  p.  55. — Arendal,  Norway,  crystals  in  form  of  zircon 
(pseudomorphs),  and  analysis,  Nordenskiold,  Geol.  For.  Forh.,  iii.,  226,  1876.  Hittero, 
Lindstrom,  ib.,  v.,  500,  1881. 


122  APPENDIX  III. 

A  mineral  related  to  thorite,  but  differing  in  the  large  percentage  of  uranium  present, 
has  been  described  by  Collier  (Jourii.  Am.  Ch.  Soc.,  ii.,  73,  1880)  under  the  name  URANOTHO- 
RITE.  Massive.  H.  —  5.  G.  =  4 '126.  Lustre  resinous  to  sub  vitreous.  Color  dark  red 
brown.  Streak  yellow  brown.  Fracture  subconchoidal.  An  analysis  by  H.  B.  Parsons 
yielded : 

Si02         ThO,       Uo03     Fe,03     Al-03       PbO         CaO      MgO    Na-0      H,0 
19-38        52-07        9-96        4C1        0  33        0*40        2-34        0'04      oil      11-81  =  89'05. 

B.  B.  infusible.     From  the  Champlain  iron  region,  N.  Y.,  exact  locality  unknown. 

THROMBOLITE,  Min.,  p.  562.— Schrauf  (Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  28,  1879)  obtained  G.  =  3*67,  also: 
CuO  39-44,  Fe,03  1-05,  H,0  16'56,  Sb,06  665,  Sb208  32-52,  loss  3  78  =  100.  Whether 
this  is  a  true  compound  or  only  a  mixture  is  uncertain;  if  the  former,  the  mineral  belongs 
with  the  no  less  uncertain  stetefeldtite,  partzite  (Min.,  p.  188)  and  rivotite  (App.  II.,  p.  48). 

THURINGITE,  Min.,  p.  507. — Cryst.  and  anal.,  Zirmsee,  Carinthia,  v.  Zepharovicli,  Z. 
Kryst.,  i.,  371,  1877;  ii.,  195,  1878. 

Tincalconite.  C.  U.  Shepard.  Borax  from  California,  pulverulent  and  efflorescent,  32 
p.  c.  water,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  144. 

TITANITE,  Min.,  p.  383;  App.  II.,  p.  55.— Cryst.,  in  mica  schist,  Lama  della  Spedalac- 
cio,  Uzielli,  Accad.  Line.  Mem.,  III.,  i.,  158,  1877.  Albani  Mts.,  Sella,  Z.  Kryst.,  i  ,  250, 
1877.  Tyrol,  W.  J.  Lewis,  Phil.  Mag.,  V.,  iii.,  455,  1877.  Zermatt  (greenovite),  Ilintze, 
Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  310,  1878.  Finland,  F.  J.  Wiik,  Z  Kryst,,  ii.,  496;  Grotli,  Min.-Samml. 
Strassburg,  p.  252,  1878.  Zoptau,  vom  Rath,  Z.  Kryst,,  v.,  255,  1880.  Ilmen  Mts.,  v. 
Jeremejef,  Verb.  Min.  Ges.  St.  Pet,,  II.,  xvi.,  254,  1881. 

Absorption  of  light  measured  photometrically,  Put/rich,  Z.  Kryst.,  vi.,  155,  1881. 

Optical  determination  in  thin  sections  of  rocks,  Fouque  and  Levy,  Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  xii., 
437,  1877. 

Anal.,  Waldheim,  Saxony  (0- 88  Y..03\  Schmuger,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxvii.,  204,1875.  Gren- 
ville,  Canada,  Harrington,  'Geol.  Canada,  181 8. 

In  enormous  crystals,  with  apatite,  from  Renfrew,  Canada,  sometimes  weighing  72  Ibs. 
(Kunz). 

A  variety  of  titanite  from  Smaland,  Sweden,  is  called  ALSHEDITE  by  C.  W.  Blomstrand 
(Minnesskrift  Fys.  Sallsk.  Lund,  1878,  p.  7).  Occurs  in  imperfect'  crystals,  sometimes 
small,  sometimes  1-1-5  in.  in  length ;  also  massive,  imbedded  in  quartz.  Form  uncertain, 
probably  similar  to  titanite  (Tops5e) ;  two  cleavages  inclined  125A°.  H.  =3*36.  G.  =5. 
Color  pale  brown  to  ash  gray.  Opaque.  B.  B.  readily  fusible  to  a  black  bead;  soluble  in 
HC1.  Analysis  :  1,  mean  of  5  more  or  less  complete  analyses;  2,  mean  of  3  analyses: 

Si02      Ti02    SnOa  A1203  Fe203  Y203     CaO    MnO    MgO  K20,Na,O  11,0 

1.  (£)  28-26    36-61     0'47    3--I1     4-25    2-78    21-06    0'98    0'48        0^0        1'20  =  100-17. 

2.  (|)  30-61     35-86    0'38    3'47    3'61     2"57    20-51     0'82    0'32        0'58       1'89  =  100'62. 

The  mineral  consequently  falls  between  titanite  and  keilhauite,  and  is  not  far  from  groth- 
ite,  Min.,  p.  386. 

Titanomorphite.     A.  von  Lasaulx,  J.  Min.,  1879,  568;  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  162,  1879. 

Monoclinic ;  isomorphous  with  titanite,  with  corresponding  planes  and  angles.  Usually 
in  granular  aggregates,  often  with  fibrous  structure,  surrounding  kernels  of  rutile,  or  of 
rutile  and  menaccanite  (nigrin),  or  menaccanite  alone,  from  the  alteration  of  which  it  has 
arisen.  Color  white.  Optically  biaxial  (microscope),  with  interference  figures  resembling 
those  of  titanite  (p  >  v),  2E  =  45°-50° ;  positive.  Analysis  by  Bettendorff : 

Ti02  CaO  FeO 

74-32  2527  tr.     =     99-59. 


APPENDIX  m.  123 

This  corresponds  to  CaTi205,  or  a  calcium  titanate.  B.  B.  fuses  to  a  gray  glass.  With 
salt  of  phosphorus  gives  a  reaction  for  titanium;  by  HC1  partially,  by  H2S04  completely 
decomposed. 

From  the  hornblende  schists  of  the  "  hohe  Eule,"  Lampersdorf,  Silesia.  Lasaulx 
regards  the  white  decomposition  product  of  titanic  iron,  often  observed,  especially  in  horn- 
blendic  rocks,  and  called  LEUCOXENE  by  Giimbel,  as  identical  with  titanomorphite  ;  this 
would  seem,  however,  to  require  further  proof.  Compare  remarks  by  C.  W.  Cross,  Min. 
Petr.  Mitth.,  iii.,  401,  1880.  [According  to  Groth  (Tab.  Uebers.  Min.,  p.  118,  1882),  Knop 
states  that  titanomorphite  is  identical  with  titanite.] 

TOCORNALITE,  App.  II.,  p.  56. — Several  chloro-iodides  of  silver  and  mercury  are  described 
by  Domeyko,  5th  App.,  p.  40,  1876;  6th  App.,  p.  30,  1878;  3d  ed.  Min.  Chili,  p.  430  et 
seq.,  1879. 

TOPAZ,  Min.,  p.  376;  App.  II.,  p.  56. — C/ryst.,  Framont,  and  optical  exam.,  Bertrand, 
Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  297,  1877.  Saxony  and  Bohemia,  Laspeyres,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  374,  1877.  Ilmen 
Mts.,  v.  Jeremcjcf,  Verh.  Min.  Ges.  St.  Pet.,  II.,  xiii.,  416.  Durango,  Mexico,  Des  Cloi- 
zeaux,  J.  Min.,  1878,  40.  Russian,  Seligmann,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  80,  1878.  Mt.  Bischof,  Vic- 
toria, vom  Rath,  Ber.  nied.  Ges.  Bonn,  Jan.  13,  1879.  Elba,  Corsi,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  604, 
1881. 

Pseudo-orthorhombic  (monoclinic),  according  to  the  view  of  Mallard,  Ann.  Min.,  VII., 
x.,  155,  1876. 

Crystallosrenetic  discussion,  ScJiarff,  J.  Min  ,  1878,  168.  Specific  gravity  determinations, 
Church,  Geol.  Mag.,  II.,  ii.,  322,  1875.  Inclosures,  CO2,  etc),  Hartley,  J.  Ch.  Soc.,  March, 
1877,  241  ;  Erhard  and  Stelzner,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth ,  i.,  450,  1878;  A.  A.  Julien,  J.  Amer. 
Ch.  Soc.,  iii.,  41,  1881. 

Anal,  (pycnite),  Cerro  del  Mercado,  Durango,  Mexico,  ChrustscTiojf,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  634, 
1879.  Loss  upon  ignition,  Rammelsberg ,  Wied.  Ann.,  vii.,  147,  1879. 

Altered  to  muscovite  (damourite),  Frenzel,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  iii.,  513,  1881.  Pyrophy- 
salite  altered  to  massive  damourite,  Kararfvet,  Fahlun,  Sweden,  Atterbcrg,  Geol.  For. 
Forh.,  ii.,  402,  1875. 

TORBANITE,  Min.,  p.  742. — Liversidge  describes  the  so-called  "kerosene  shale  "  of  New 
South  Wales,  and  refers  it  to  torbanite;  this  is  the  substance  called  wollongonr/ite,  which 
name,  however,  is  not  appropriate,  as  the  specimen  described  came  not  from  Wollongong, 
but  from  Hartley,  Proc.  Boy.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.,  Dec.  8,  1880. 

Tobermorite.      Hedfllc,  Min.  Mag.,  iv.,  119,  1880. 

Massive,  fine  granular.  G.  =  2  423.  Color  pale  pinkish  white.  Translucent.  Analyses: 
1,  Tobermory ;  2,  north  of  Tobermory,  toward  Bloody  Bay. 

SiO.,     A1203  Fe,,03     FeO       CaO      MgO      K,0    Na.,0    HO 

1.  48-51       240      1-14      1-85      33-40      0'47      1'45      0'36     12'61  =  100-19. 

2.  G.  =2-423  46-62      3'89      0-66      1-08      33-98      ....      0'57      0'89    1211=    C9'81. 

Occurs  filling  cavities  in  the  rocks  near  Tobermory,  Island  of  Mull.  [Very  near  gyro- 
lite,  if  not  identical  with  it.] 

TORBERNITE.— Min*,  p.  585;  App.  II.,  p.  56. 

TOURMALINE,  Min.,  p.  365;  App.  II.,  p.  56. — In  crystals  as  an  outer  shell,  enveloping 
orthoclase,  from  Port  Henry,  N.  Y.,  E.  If.  Williams,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xi.,  273,  1876. 

Pseudo-rhombohedral,  analogous  to  beryl  and  apatite,  according  to  the  view  of  Mallard, 
Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  150,  1876. 

Power  of  conducting  heat  and  electricity,  S.  P.  TJwmpson  and  0.  J.  Lodge,  Phil.  Mag., 
V.,  viii.,  18,  1879  ;  ib.,  x.,  67,  1880  ;  same  subject,  Fitzgerald,  Sc.  Proc.  Dubl.  Soc.,  II., 
i.,  370,  1880.  Specific  gravity  determinations,  Church,  'Geol.  Mag.,  II.,  ii.,  322,  1875. 
Relation  of  electrical  conductivity  to  absorption  of  light,  with  reference  to  Maxwell's 
theory,  S.  P.  Thompson,  Phil.  Mag.,  V.,  xii..  112,  1881.  Absorption  of  light  measured 
photometrically,  Pulfrich,  Z.  Kryst.,  vi .,  151,  1881.  Electricity  produced  by  pressure, 
Jacques  and  Pierre  Curie,  C.  R.,  xcii.,  186,  1881. 


124  APPENDIX  ra. 

Anal.,  in  dolomite  at  Campo  Longo,  Elba,  Engelmann,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  312,  1878. 

Occurrence  of  red  and  green,  varieties  at  Wolkenburg,  Saxony,  Credner,  Ber.  Ges.  Leip- 
zig, ii.,  49  (J.  Min.,  1877,  528).  As  a  contact  mineral  adjoining  a  granite  vein  Mt  Wik 
lard,  N.  H.,  Howes,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxi.,  21,  1881. 

TRAUTWINITE. — App.  II.,  p.  56. 

TRIDYMITE,  Min.,  p.  805  ;  App.  II.,  p.  56. — Pseudo-hexagonal  through  twinning  (tri- 
clinic),  as  shown  by  an  optical  examination  by  Schuster,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  i.,  71,  1878,  and 
nearly  the  same  time  independently  by  v.  Lasaulx,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  253,  1878. 

In  white  ashes  ejected  from  the  island  Vulcano,  Baltzer,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxvii.,  57,  1875 

Made  artificially,  Hautefeuille,  C.  R.,  Ixxxiii.,  1133,  1194,  1878  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  i.,  1, 
1878).  Found  with  zinc  spinel  in  a  zinc  furnace,  as  products  of  the  alteration  of  the  zinc 
muffles,  Schulze  and  Stelzner,  J.  Min.,  1881,  i.,  121. 

See  also  Asmanite,  p.  10. 

TRINKERITE. — App.  I.,  p.  16. 

TRIPHYLITE,  Min.,  p.  541. — Analyses  by  S.  L.  Penfield:  1,  Bodenmais,  Bavaria,  color 
light  blue,  G.  —  3*549;  2,  Norwich,  Mass.,  color  grayish  green,  G.  =  3 '534  (Am   J   Sc 
III.,  xvii.,  226,  1879) ;  3,  Grafton,  K  H.,  color  light  blue,  G.  =3-52,  ib.,  xiii.,  426,  1877. 

P205  FeO  MnO  CaO  MgO  Li20  K20  Na20  H20  gangue 

1.  (I)  43-18  36-21  8-96  O'lO  0'83  8'15  0-26  0-87  0'83    =     99-39 

2.  (1)  44-76  26-40  17'84  0'24  0'47  9-36  ....  035  0'42  ....     =     99-84 

3.  (I)  44-03  26-23  18'21  0-94  0'59  8'79  0'32  0-12  1-47  ....    =100-70. 

These  correspond  closely  to  the  formula  :  RRP04  =  R3P04  +  R3P208,  which  is  thus 
proved  to  be  the  true  composition  of  the  species. 

TRIPHYLITE — LITHIOPHILITE.  G.  J.  Brush  .and.  E.  S.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sci.,  III.,  xvi.,  118, 
1878;  ibid.,  xviii.,  45,  1879. 

Orthorhombic.  Cleavage:  basal  highly  perfect;  brachydiagonal  nearly  perfect;  pris- 
matic interrupted,  I /\  I  =  130°.  Massive.  H.  =  4 -5.  G.  =  3'424-3'482.  Lustre  vitre- 
ous to  resinous.  Co.lor,  salmon  color,  honey  yellow,  yellowish  brown,  light  clove  brown. 
Streak  uncolored.  Transparent  to  translucent.  Fracture  uneven  to  subconchoidal.  Optic- 
axial  plane  in  the  basal  section ;  acute  bisectrix,  positive,  normal  to  brachypinacoid,  Ax- 
ial angle  in  oil  (n  —  1'47),  74°  45'  red,  79°  30'  blue.  Axial  colors,  ft  deep  pink,  c  (vert.)  pale 
greenish  yellow,  b  faint  pink. 

Composition  :  LiMnP04,  or  Li3P04  4-  Mn3P208,  with  the  manganese  partly  replaced  by 
iron.  Percentage  composition  :  P205  45-22,  MnO  45*22,  Li20  9'56  —  100.  Analyses:  1,  H. 
L.  Wells  (ib.,  xvi.,  118);  2,  S.  L.  Penfield  (ib.,  xviii.,  47)  : 

Pa05      FeO       MnO      Li20    Na20     H20    gangue 

1.  G.  =  3-478    (I)  44-67      4-02      40-86      8'63      0-14  •    0-82      0'64   =    99'78,  Wells. 

2.  G.  =3-482    (1)45-22    13'01      33-02      9'26      0'29      0'17      0'29    =  100-26,  Penfield. 

The  composition  is  analogous  to  that  of  triphylite  (q.  v.),  of  which  it  is  properly  a  va- 
riety peculiar  in  that  it  contains  mostly  manganese  in  place  of  iron.  In  the  closed  tube 
gives  traces  of  moisture,  turns  dark  brown'  and  fuses,  but  does  not  become  magnetic. 
Fuses  in  the  naked  lamp-flame,  and  B.  B.  gives  an  intense  lithia-red  flame,  streaked  with 
pale  green  on  the  lower  edge.  With  fluxes  reacts  for  manganese  (0.  F.)  and  iron  (R.  F.). 
Soluble  in  acids. 

Occurs  at  Branchville,  Fairfield  Co.,  Conn.,  in  a  vein  of  albitic  granite.  In  irregular 
masses  intimately  associated  with  spodumene  (and  cymatolite,  q.  v.),  also  with  eosphorite, 
triploidite,  rhodochrosite,  uraninite.  Named  from  lithium  and  <piX6$,  friend. 

At  the  above  locality  there  is  found  a  large  quantity  of  a  black  mineral  derived  from 
the  alteration  of  lithiophilite,  as  shown  both  by  its  composition  and  by  the  fact  that  it 
retains  more  or  less  of  the  structure  of  the  original  mineral,  and  sometimes  incloses  a 


APPENDIX  in. 


125 


nucleus  of  it.  It  is  generally  grayish  to  pitch  black,  with  sometimes  a  purple  or  violet 
tinge.  H.  =  5!-4.  G.  =  3 '26-3-40.  Analyses:  1,  F.  P.  Dcwey,  ib.,  xvii.,  367;  2,  H.  L. 
Wells,  ib.,  xvii.,  368. 


P2O5     Fe2O3  Mn2O3    MnO     Li2O   A12O3    CaO   K2O  Na2O  H2O  insol. 
1.  G.  =  3-395  (2)     40-66      12'56      25'27      11'66      5't>6      O'lO      0'18    ....     0'49    3'07    . . . .  MgO  tr.  =  99'65. 


2.  G.  =  3-265  (I)     40-38      15'89      14'71      18'80      4'83 


0'72    0'26     tr.      3'37    0'90  =  99'86. 


TRIPLITE,  Min.,  p.  543;  App.  II.,  p.  56.- 
Finsk.  Vet.  Soc.,  xvii.,  7,  18-4-5. 


-From  Helsingfors,  Finland,  F.  J.  Wiik,  CEfv. 


Triploidite.  6r.  J.  Brush  and  E.  S.  Dana,  Am.  J.  Sci.,  xvi.,  42, 
1878. 

Monoclinic.  Axes,  c  (vert. )  :  &  :  d  =  0  "80367  : 0 "53846  : 1 ;  ft  =  71°  56. 
Observed  planes  (see  figure)  :  0(e),  i-i(b),  i-i  (a),  1,  l-i(e),  2-2  (p). 
/A/=59J  «',  c  A  J=98°53',  c  A  e  -  125°  12',  c  A  0=103°  25', 
a  f\p—  127°  11'.  Crystals  striated  vertically.  Commonly  in  crystal- 
line aggregates,  parallel- fibrous  to  columnar;  also  divergent,  or  con- 
fusedly fibrous  to  nearly  compact,  massive.  Cleavage  :  orthodiagonal 
perfect. 

H.  =4*5-5.  G.  =3-607.  Lustre  vitreous  to  greasy  adamantine. 
Color  yellowish  to  reddish  brown,  in  isolated  crystals  also  topaz  to 
wine  yellow,  occasionally  hyacinth  red.  Streak  nearly  white.  Trans- 
parent to  translucent.  Fracture  subconchoidal.  The  axes  of  elastic- 
ity in  the  clinodiagonal  section  nearly  coincide  respectively  with  the 
vertical  axis  (3°  to  4°  behind),  and  a  normal  to  the  orthopinacoid.  No 
color  absorption. 

Composition  :  R,P2Ofl,  HoO  or  R3PoOs  +  R(OH)2.  If  R  =  Mn  :  Fe  =  3  :  1,  percentage 
composition:  P,05  31  -91,  FeO  16'18,  MnO  47 '86,  H2O  4'05  =  100.  Analyses  of  two 
varieties  by  S.  L.  Penfield  : 


P205 

(I)  32-11 

32-24 


FeO 

14-88 
1865 


MnO 
48-45 
4->-96 


CaO 

0-33 

undet. 


H20 

4-08     =      99-85. 

4-09,  quartz  1-09. 


In  the  closed  tube  gives  off  neutral  water,  turns  black  and  becomes  magnetic.  Fuses 
quietly  in  the  naked  lamp-flame,  and  B.  B.  in  the  forceps  colors  the  flame  green.  Reacts 
for  manganese  and  iron  in  the  fluxes.  Soluble  in  acids. 

Occurs  at  Branehville,  Fairfield  Co.-,  Conn.,  intimately  associated  with  eosphorite,  dickin- 
sonite,  lithiophilite,  and  other  species,  in  a  vein  of  albitic  granite.  In  crystalline  form 
triploidite  is  very  similar  to  wagnerite,  and  as  the  formulas  of  the  latter  species  and  of  trip- 
lite  are  closely  analogous  (R3P2O8  +  RF2),  it  is  concluded  that  the  three  species  are  isomor- 
phous;  in  triploidite,  the  hydroxyl  (OH)  takes  the  place  of  the  fluorine.  Named  from  trip- 
lite  and  eidoS,  form,  in  allusion  to  the  close  similarity  between  the  two  species. 

Trippkeite.  Damour  and  vom  Rath,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  245,  1880  (or  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iii., 
175). 

Tetragonal  ;  c(vert.)  =  0'9160.  Observed  planes  :  0,  i-i,  I,  1,  1,  3,  f-3,  3-3,  !'-V. 
Cleavage  parallel,  i-i  perfect,  /a  little  less  so  (vom  Rath).  Optically  uniaxial,  positive 
(Des  Cloizeaux).  In  small  brilliant  crystals  (1  to  2  m;n.),  of  a  bluish-green  color. 

According  to  a  qualitative  examination  by  Damour,  essentiallv  an  arsenite  of  copper 
(wCuO,As;03).  Easily  soluble  in  HN03  and  HC1.  B.  B.  in  the  closed  tube  becomes  eme- 
rald green  on  slight  heating,  then  the  green  disappears  and  the  color  becomes  brownish ;  on 
continued  ignition  the  color  becomes  yellowish  green  a  second  time.  Fuses  easily  to  a 
green  slag.  In  the  open  tube  gives  crystals  of  arsenic  trioxide.  Occurs  with  olivenite,  as 
an  older  formation,  in  druses  in  massive  cuprite  from  Copiapo,  Chili.  Named  after  the 
young  mineralogist,  Dr.  Paul  Trippke,  who  died  June  16,  1880.  [Needs  further  examina- 
tion on  the  chemical  side.] 


Tritochorite.— See  Eusynchite,  p.  44. 


126  APPENDIX   TIL 

TRITOMITE,  Min.,  p.  412. — Brevig  and  Barkevig,  Norway,  complete  analyses,  Engstrom, 
Inaug.  Diss.  Upsala,  1877  (Z.  Kryst,,  iii.,  200). 

TROGERITE. — App.  I.,  p.  16;  II.,  p.  56. 

TROILTTE,  Min,,  p.  57;  App.  II.,  p.  57. — Composition,  FeS  (notFe7Se,  Meunier,  App.  II., 
p.  57),  according  to  analyses  of  J.  Lawrence  Smith,  C.  R.,  Ixxxi.,  976,  1875. 

TSCHEFFKINITE. — Min.,  p.  387;  App.  II.,  p.  57. 

TSCHERMAKITE,  App.  II.,  p.  57. — Conclusion  of  Hawes,  that  tschermakite  is  only  an 
ordinary  triclinic  feldspar,  confirmed  by  Bauer,  ZS.  Or.  G-es.,  xxvii.,  285  et  seq.,  1875. 

TURGITE. — Min.,  p.  167;  App.  II.,  p.  57. 
TURNERITE. — See  Monazite,  p.  82. 

TURQUOIS,  Min.,  p.  580. — Microscopic  examination,  Bucking,  Z.  Kryst.,  ii.,  163;  iii.,  81, 
1878. 
Occurrence  in  New  Mexico,  B.  Silliman,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxii.,  67,  1881. 

Tyreeite.  Neddie,  Min.  Mag.,  iv.,  189,  1881.  One  and  a  half  hundred  weight  of  the 
carnelian  marble  of  Tyree,  Scotland,  dissolved  in  sixteen  gallons  of  dilute  HC1  left  as 
a  residue,  thirty  pounds  sahlite,  a  little  scapolite  and  titanite,  and  some  ounces  of  a  red 
mud.  By  decantation,  1*91  grams  of  a  powder  of  deep  brick-red  color  was  obtained.  Of 
this  mud  sulphuric  acid  dissolved  -78  gram,  leaving  1  l:j  insoluble.  The  last  was  analyzed, 
and  decided  to  be  an  impure  talc.  The  soluble  portion  yielded  :  Fe203  38  22,  ALOs  8'23, 
FeO  3-16,  MnO  0'39,  MgO  29  94.  CaO  2'21,  H20  12-47,  P205  4-71,  Si02  1'02  =  100'35.  To 
this  last  obviously  heterogeneous  substance  the  new  name  is  provisionally  given.  [Cer- 
tainly no  name  ever  given  had  less  claim  for  recognition  in  the  Science  of  Mineralogy.] 

TYROLITE.— Min.,  p.  570;  App.  II.,  p.  57. 

Tysonite.    Allen  and  Comstoclc,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xix.,  390,  1880. 

Forms  the  central  portion  of  hexagonal  crystals,  sometimes  an  inch  or  more  in  diameter, 
showing  the  planes  0,  I,  i-2.  The  crystals  are  for  the  most  part  altered  to  bastnasite  (see 
below).  Cleavage  basal  distinct.  H.  =  4 -5-5.  G.  =  6-12-6-14.  Lustre  vitreous  to  resin- 
ous. Color  pale  wax  yellow.  Streak  nearly  white.  Analyses: 

Ce*  La,Dif  F 

(|)    40-19  30-37  [29-44]     =     10000. 

*  Atomic  weight  141'2.  t  Joint  atomic  weight,  specially  determined,  138. 

This  gives  the  ratio  Ce  +  (La,Di)  :F  =  -504  :  1  547,  corresponding  to  the  formula  (Ce, 
La,Di)2F0  B.  B.  blackens,  but  does  not  fuse.  In  closed  tube  decrepitates,  changes  color 
to  a  light  pink.  Insoluble  in  HC1  and  HNO3,  but  soluble  in  H2S04,  with  evolution  of  HF. 
Occurs  in  feldspar  near  Pike's  Peak,  Colorado.  Named  after  Mr.  S.  T.  Tyson. 


or  en 
arisen 


G  —5-18-5-20.     Lustre  vitreous  to  resinous.     Color  reddish  brown.     Streak  light  yellow- 
ish gray.     An  analysis  (1)  gave  :  Ce308  41 -04,  (La,Di>.-03  34-76,  C02  20-15,  F  undet, 

The  joint  atomic  weight  of  the  three  metals  was  determined  to  be  140 '2,  calculating  part 
of  the  oxides  to  form  normal  carbonates,  the  remainder  as  metals,  and  estimating  the  fluo- 
rine by  difference,  the  result  is  obtained  : 

(Ce,La,Di)o03  Ce,La,Di  C02  F 

50-13  21-82  20-15        7'90    =     100. 

This  corresponds  closely  to  the  formula  :  [R2]FC  +  2[R*]C309,  which  requires  :  (Ce,La, 
Di)203  49-94,  Ce,La,Di  21-32,  C02  20-07,  F  8 '67  =  100.  Compare  parisite,  Mm.,  p.  /02. 


APPENDIX  m.  127 

ULEXITE,  Min.,  p.  598;  App.  II.,  p.  57. —Chemical  composition  discussed,  How,  Chem. 
News,  xxxv.,  189,  1877;  Reynolds,  ib.,  p.  213. 

Anal.,  Tarapaca,  Peru,  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou,  p.  263,  1878.  Prov.  Salta,  Argentine 
Repub.,  Kyle,  Anal.  Soc.  Cientif.  Arg.,  x.,  169,  1880. 

Occurs  in  Kern  Co.,  Cal.,  Blake,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxii.,  323,  1881. 

See  also  FranUandite,  p.  48. 

ULLMANXITE.— Min.,  p.  73;  App.  II.,  p.  57. 

URANIXITE,  Min.,  p.  154  ;  App.  II.,  p.  57.— Occurrence  in  Mitchell  Co.,  N.  C.,  Kerr, 
Am.  J.  Sc.,  xiv.,  496,  1877;  Hidden,  ib.,  xxii.,  22,  1881. 

Occurs  in  small  brilliant  octahedral  crystals,  G.  =  9-22-9-28,  at  Branch ville,  Conn., 
Brush  and  E.  S.  Dana  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xvi.,  35,  1878);  analysis  (f)  by  Comstock  (ib. , 
xix.,  220,  1880) :  U  81 '50,  Pb  3 '97,  Fe  0'40,  0  13  -47,  H2O  0'88  =  100  "22.  After  the  deter- 
mination of  the  amounts  of  U02  and  U0a,  the  analysis  becomes  : 

U03  U02  PbO  FeO  EUO 

40-08  54-51  427  049  0'88     =     100-23. 

This  corresponds  to  the  formula:  3R02  +  2R03,  with  E  =  U,Pb2Fe2,  and  R  =  TJ.  B.B. 
the  mineral  reacts  with  fluxes  for  uranium,  and  on  reduction  yields  a  globule  of  lead.  In 
the  closed  tube  gives  off  traces  of  water,  which  has  a  slightly  acid  reaction,  the  cause  of 
which  is  not  explained. 

Uranocircite.     Weisbach,  Jahrb.  Berg.-Hiittenwesen,  1877,  Abhandl.,  p.  48. 

Orthorhombic ;  form  similar  to  that  of  ant unite.  Cleavage  basal  highly'  perfect ;  macro- 
diagonal  and  brachydiagonal  distinct.  G.  =  8 '53.  Color  yellow  green.  Optically  biaxial. 
Acute  bisectrix  coincides  with  c  (vert.);  axial  angle  =  15°-20°. 

Composition  :  BaU2P20,2  +  8aq  =  P205  14'00,  U03  56'75,  BaO  15-07,  H20  14'18  =  100. 
Analysis,  Winkler  (1.  c.) : 

P.O.  U03  BaO  H20 

15-06  56-86  14-57  13'99     =     100-48. 

Earlier  analyses  by  Georgi,  and  Uwao  Imai,  gave  confirmatory  results.  Church  (Min. 
Mag.,  i.,  234,  1877)  finds,  that  in  vacuo  over  H2S04,  at  2o°  C.,  6aq  go  off;  and  the  remainder 
(2aq)  at  a  red  heat.  Occurs  in  quartz  veins  near  Falkenstein,  Saxon  Voigtland.  Formerly 
called  autunite  (Hme-uranite). 

URANOPHANE. — Min.,  p.  805;  App.  II.,  p.  57. 
URANOSPH^ERITE. — App.  II.,  p.  57. 

URANOSPINITE,  App.  II.,  p.  58. — In  tabular  crystals,  combinations  of  0,  %-i,  and  £-fc,  with 
two  undetermined  domes.  O  A  $-1=0  A  i-fc  =  124°  28';  c  (vert.):  1: &  =  2-9123  :  1  (ap- 
prox.) :  1.  Weisbach,  Jahrb.  Berg.  Htittenwesen,  1877,  Abhandl.,  p.  46  (Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  394). 

Contains,  perhaps,  lOaq  (not  8aq),  according  to  Church,  Min.  Mag.,  i.,  236,  1877. 

Uranothorite.— See  Thorite,  p.  121. 

URANOTIL,  App.  I.,  p.  16;  II.,  p.  58. — Occurs  at  the  "  Weisser  Hirsch"  mine,  at  Neu- 
stadtel,  Saxony.  In  capillary  crystals  and  crystalline  groups,  also  massive,  with  fine  fibrous 
fracture.  G.  =  3-814-^-898.  Analyses  :  1,  2,  Winkler  : 

SiOa         U03       Fe203*     CaO        HoO 

1.  13-02        63-93        3-03        513        14'55     =     99'66. 

2.  14-48        62-84        2'88        5'49        13-79    =     99'48. 

*  With  tr.  aluminum  and  cobalt  oxides. 

The  formula  deduced  (that  of  Boricky)  is  Ca[U2]3Si3Oi6  +  9aq,  which  requires  :  Si02 14*26, 
U03  68-46,  CaO  4'44,  H02  12  84  =  100.  Weisbach,  J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  111. 


128  APPENDIX  III. 

Genth  has  obtained  for  uranotil,  from  Mitchell  Co.,  N.  C.  (|)  :  Si02  13-72,  U03  66 '67, 
A12O3,  Fe203  tr.,  PbO  0-60,  BaO  0'28,  SrO  0'13,  CaO  6  67,  P205  0'29,  H2O  12-02  =  100-88, 
for  which  he  calculates  the  formula  :  Ca3(U02)fiSiGO2i  +  18aq,  requiring:  SiOo  13  95,  UO3 
60-98,  CaO  6  51,  H20  12-56  =  100.  Amorphous.  H.  =  2'5.  Gr.  =  3'834.  Amer.  Cheni. 
Journ.,  i.,  88,  1879. 

TJrvolgyite. — See  Herrengrundite,  p.  57. 

Urusite. — See  Sideronatrite,  p.  109. 

VAALITE. — App.  II.,  p.  58. 

VALENTINITE,  Min.,  p.  184.— On  barite  from  Nagybanya,  Brun,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  105,  1880. 

VALLERHTE. — App.  II.,  p.  58. 

VANADINITE,  Min.,  p.  184;  App.  II.,  p.  59.— Cryst.,  Kappel,  Carinthia,  v.  ZepharovicJi, 
Lotos,  1876  (J.  Min.,  1876,  561);  Kappel,  Carinthia,  Vrba,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  353,  1880.  Cor- 
doba, Websky,  Ber.  Ak.  Berlin,  1880,  799,  and  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  542,  1881. 

Analyses,  Wanlock-Head,  Dumfriesshire,  Frenzel,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  iii.,  504,  1881. 
Cordoba  Rammelsberg,  Ber.  Ak.  Berlin,  1880,  661.  Occurrence  at  Bolet,  Sweden,  Norden- 
strom,  G-eol.  For.  Forh ,  iv.,  209,  1878;  anal.  Nordstrom,  ib.,  iv.,  267,  1879. 

Occurrence  in  brilliant  red  crystals  at  the  Hamburg,  and  other  mines  in  the  Silver  Dis- 
trict, Yuma  Co.,  Arizona,  B  Silliman,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxii.,  198,  1881.  At  the  Castle 
Dome  mines,  W.  P.  Blake,  Min.  Sc.  Press,  Aug.  13  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  xxii.,  410),  1881. 

VANADIOLITE. — App.  I.,  p.  16. 
VANADITE.— Min.,  p.  610;  App.  II.,  p.  59. 

Vanuxemite.  C.  U.  Shepard,  Contrib.  Min.,  1876.  A  product  of  the  decomposition  of 
zinc  ores  at  Sterling  Hill,  N.  J.  Occurs  in  irregular  patches  in  a  firm  ochery  aggregate. 
Massive,  with  an  even  or  conchoidal  fracture.  Color  white  ;  dull.  H.  =  2-5-3.  G.  =  2 '5. 
Does  not  adhere  to  the  tongue,  but  emits  a  slight  clayey  odor  on 'being  breathed  upon.  An 
analysis  gave  :  Si02  35 "64,  A1203  11 '70,  ZnO  32'48-36'0,  H20  14^0-19 '88.  [Obviously  a 
mixture  of  white  clay  with  hydrous  zinc  silicate,  and  hence  not  a  mineral  species.] 


[in    p  582;  App  II.,  p.  59.— The  mineral  called  peganite  from  Montgomery 
Co,,  Ark.,  is  shown  by  Chester  (Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xiii.,  295;  xv.,  207)  to  be  identical  with 

.  .  ,«*  ^MJtt      •          i      T^     j  T      -»*-•__          -toi+t-i       OPtPA       <-»-^,rJ    r»lcn-\     Yir-i-f-K 


VARISCITE,  Min , 


V/V,'-j.      XiilX..      J.k3     OlAVy  VT  AX      WJ       VX'VWVWf        \J-J-AAJ.*      V1  -        -7        ''  _  •j.l_ 

the  variscite  of  Breithaupt  (Min.,  p.  582,  and  Petersen,  J.  Min.,  1871,  357),  and  also  with 
callainite  of  Damour  (Min.,  p.  572).  Occurs  in  crusts  consisting  of  minute  prismatic 
crystals,  in  sheaf -like  aggregates;  also  amorphous.  Observed  planes:  J,  i-'i,  i-l,  V,  1  l\± 
=  114°  6'.  H.  =  4.  Lustre  brilliant.  Color  deep  emerald  green,  bluish  green  to  colorless. 
Transparent  to  translucent.  B.  B.  infusible.  Analysis  (after  deducting  70  and  50  p.  c. 
quartz) : 

P205  AL03  H20 

(I)  44-35  31-85  23-80    =    100. 

This  corresponds  to  the  formula  :  A12P208  +  4aq,  or  the  composition  of  variscite,  ac- 
cording to  Petersen  (J.  Min.,  1871,  357). 
Anal.,  Ifelmhaclcer,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  ii.,  245,  1879. 

Vasite.— See  Orthite,  p.  87. 
Venasquite.— See  Ottrelite,  p.  87. 


APPENDIX  m.  129 


Venerite.     T.  S.  Hunt,  Trans.  Amcr.  Inst.  Min.  Eng.,  iv.,  325,  1876. 

Occurs  as  a  greenish,  earthy-looking  "clay  ore,"  in  irregular  layers  in  the  schists  con- 
nected with  the  magnetite  of  Jones  mine,  near  Springfield,  Berks  Co.,  Penn.  The  purer 
portions  have  a  pea-green,  or  apple-green  color  when  moist;  becomes  greenish  white  on 


by 

17-47,  H»O  12-08,  insol.  6  22  =  100-37.  After  deducting  the  insoluble  portion,  this  be- 
comes :  Si03  30-73,  Al,03  14-67,  Fe2Q3  5-35,  FeO  0-29,  CuO  17-58,  MgO  18-55,  H30  12-83 
=  100.  Named  in  allusion  to  the  alchemistic  symbol  for  copper. 

[The  substance  examined  is  so  evidently  wanting  in  homogeneity,  that  it  cannot  be  re- 
garded as  a  mineral  species.] 

VERMICULITE,  Min.,  p.  493  ;  App.  II.,  p.  59.  —  Analyses  (by  Gooch)  of  varieties  from 
Lecni,.  Delaware  Co.,  Penn.,  and  Pelham,  Mass.,  and  discussion  of  the  relations  of  this 
group  of  minerals,  J.  P.  Cooke,  Amer.  Acad.  Sc.,  x.,  453,  1875.  Anal.,  Walney  Island, 
Xorth  Lancashire,  England,  Parke,  Proc.  York.  Geol.  Pol.  Soc.,  II.,  iv.,  254,  1877. 

A  related  mineral  (decomposition  product)  is  called  PROTOVERMICULTTE  by  Konig  (Proc. 
Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1877,  269).  Micaceous  structure.  Optic-axial  angle  small.  H.  =2. 
G-.  =  2-269.  Color  yellowish  silvery  to  bronze.  Analysis  :  Si02  33  -28,  AL03  14-88,  Fe203 
6-36,  FeO  0'57,  MgO  21-52,  11,0  (combined)  3-36,  H,6  (hygroscopic)  20'54,  MnO,TiOa  tr. 
=  100*51.  Konig  (1.  c.)  has  also  analyzed  the  jofferisito  of  West  Chester,  Penn. 

Another  related  mineral,  from  Philadelphia,  is  called  PHILADELPHITE  by  H.  C.  Lewis 
(Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  Dec.,  1879).  Micaceous.  H.  =1-5.  G.  =2'80.  Color  brownish  red. 
Inelastic,  feel  greasy;  axial  angle  81°-89°.  Analysis(i):  Si02  35-73,  Al,03  15-77,  Fco03 
1946,  FeO  2-18,  MgO  11  '56,  CaO  1-46,  Na2ao-90,  K2O  6-81,  H90  4*34,  Ti02  1-03,  V203 
037,  MnO  0-50,  NiO,CoO  0'06,  CuO  008,  P205  0-11,  Li20,Cl,SO3,  etc.  tr.  =100-36. 
Another  analysis  by  Haines  gave  :  88'79  Si02,  etc.  The  mineral  is  very  hygroscopic,  and 
on  heating  (150°-160°)  expands  to  ten  times  its  volume;  a  small  fragment  exfoliating  raised 
50,000  times  its  own  weight.  Lewis  makes  a  series  of  careful  experiments  to  determine  at 
what  temperatures  the  water  is  given  off.  Konig  writes  the  formula  for  his  mineral  R3[R2] 
Si30ia  +  Hs[0»  and  Lewis  for  his,  R4[R^j?SuOflfl  +  2H2O;  both  are  essentially  the  same  as 
other  varieties  already  described,  except  "in  the  amount  of  water  present.  [As  all  the  min- 
erals of  the  group  are,  undoubtedly,  decomposition  products  of  other  micas,  the  multiplica- 
tion of  names  seems  most  undesirable.] 

Vesbine.  A  name  given  by  Scacclii  to  the  material  forming  thin  yellow  crusts  on  the 
lava  of  1631,  Vesuvius,  which  is  supposed  to  contain  a  new  element  called  by  him  vesbium, 
Att.  Accad.  Xapoli,  Dec.  13,  1879. 

VESUVTANITE,  Min.,  p.  276;  App.  II.,  p.  59.  —  Cryst.,  Albani  Mts.,  showing  variation  in 
crystallographic  constants,  Sella,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  251,  1877.  Ural,  Tarassof,  Verb.  Min. 
Ges.  St.  Pet.,  II.,  xiv.,  139,  1879.  Chroth  and  Bucking,  Min.-Samml.  Strassburg,  p.  199, 
1878. 

Thermo-electric  character,  Hankel,  Pogg.  Ann.,  civil.,  162,  1876. 


tetragonal  character  of  species,  that  is,  on  the  morphological  side,  Z.  Kryst.,  v.,  289,  1881. 
Anal.,  Tschammendorf,   near  Strehlen,  Silesia  (1'77  p.  c.  Ti02),  Schumacher,  J.  Min., 
1878,  817.     Jordansmiihl,   Silesia  (3  2-3  '4  p.  c.  MnO,  manganidocrase),  v.  Lasaulx,  Z. 
Kryst.,  iv.,  168,  1879. 


VESZELYITE.  App.  II.,  p.  SQ.—Schrauf,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv.,  31,  1879.  Triclinic,  monoclinic 
in  habit.  Incrusting,  consisting  of  a  granular  aggregate  of  indistinct  crystalline  individ- 
uals. Occasionally  in  distinct  crystals,  combinations  of  the  prisms  and  brachydomes; 
I  A  /'  =  10'9Q  15',  l-l  A  1-*'  =  95°  10'.  H.  =  3'5-4.  G.  =  3'531.  Color  and  streak  greenish 
blue.  Analysis  (on  O'l  gr.): 

As2O5          P2O5  CuO  ZnO  H2O 

10-41  9-01  37-34  25-20  17-05    =     99-01. 


130  APPENDIX   III. 

'Formula  :  2(Zn,Cu)3As208  +  9(Zn,Cu)HoO.>  +  9aq;  with  Cu  :  Zn  =  3  :  2,  and  As205  • 
P205  =  1:1;  this  requires  :  As,05  12'13,  P205  7 -48,  CuO  37'68,  ZnO  25'62,  11,0  17'08  = 
100.  Closely  related  in  form  and  composition  to  libethenite  and  adamite.  Occurs  as  an 
incrustation  on  granite,  and  on  limonite,  at  Morawitza,  in  the  Banat. 

YICTORITE. — App.  II.,  p.  59  (18). 
Vietinghofite.— See  Samarakite,  p.  106. 
VILLARSITE. — Min.,  p.  409;  App.  II.,  p.  59. 
VIRIDITE. — App.  II.,  p.  59. 

VIVIANITE,  Min.,  p.  556;  App.  II.,  p.  59. — Anal.,  white  variety  from  Amers,  Belgium, 
Dewalque,  Ann.  Soc.  Geol.  Belg.,  iii.,  3. 

YOLBORTHITE,  Min.,  p.  611. — Woskressenskoi,  Perm  in  the  Ural,  Genth  analyzed  the  coat- 
ing on  a  quartzose  rock,  finding  8.5-55  p.  c.  insol.,  and  1445  p.  c.  soluble,  with  4- 49  HoO. 
The  soluble  portion  yielded  :  VoO5  13'59,  CuO  38'01,  BaO  4*30,  CaO  4*49,  H-,0  [31-60], 
Si02 1-36,  A12O3  4-78,  Fe203  0-45,  MgO  1'42  =  100.  Neglecting  the  Si02,Al203,Fe203,MgO, 
and  a  part  of  the  water  as  impurities,  Genth  calculates  :  (Cu,Ba,Ca)3V2O8  +  3CuII202  + 
12aq,  requiring  :  V,05  19-03,  CuO  3841,  BaO  617,  CaO  6 -77,  H2O  29'02.  A  second  analy- 
sis gave  confirmatory  results.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  Philad.,  xvii.,  122,  1877. 

YOLTZITE,  Min.,  p.  50. — Joachimsthal,  optically  uniaxial,  positive,  Bertrand,  Bull.  Soc. 
Min.,  iv.,  59,  1881. 

Vreckite. — See  Bhreckite,  p.  15. 
WACKENRODITE. — App.  IIM  p.  59. 

WAD,  Min.,  p.  181  ;  App.  II.,  p.  60.— Anal.,  Londonderry,  N.  S.,  Louis,  Trans.  Nov. 
Sc.  Inst.,  iv.,  427,  1878.  New  Caledonia  (asbolite),  Liversidge,  Proc.  Eoy.  Soc.  N.  S.  W., 
Sept.  1,  1880. 

A  mineral  near  some  varieties  of  wad,  from  Kamsdorf,  Thuringia,  is  called  LEPIDOPHJE- 
ITE  by  Weisbach  (J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  109).  Structure  fine  fibrous  and  scaly.  Very  soft, 
soiling  the  fingers.  G.  =  2 -89-3 -04.  Lustre  silky,  dull.  Color  and  streak  reddish  brown, 
the  latter  shining.  In  closed  tube  becomes  black.  Soluble  in  HC1  with  evolution  of  chlo- 
rine. Analysis,  Jenkins  :  MnOa  58 '77,  MnO  9 '59,  CuO  11-48,  H20  21 '05  =  100*89,  corre- 
sponding to  CuMn6012  +  9aq,  which  requires  :  Mn02  58-20,  MnO  9-50,  CuO  10'62,  H2O 
21-68. 

WAGNERITE,  Min.,  p.  538;  App.  II.,  p.  60.—  Bauer  (ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxvii.,  230,  1875)  sug- 
gests that  KJERULFINE  (App.  II.,  p.  31)  is  probably  identical  with  wagnerite,  but  more  or 
less  altered;  later  he  shows  that  the  identity  is  beyond  question  (J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  75). 
Analyses  by  Pisani  (Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  ii.,  43,  1879),  Rammetiberg  (ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxxi.,  107, 
1879),  Friederici  (J.  Min.,  1880,  ii.,  77),  agree  in  general  with  the  wagnerite  formula  : 
Mg3P2Os  -f  MgF2.  The  form  and  optical  characters  have  been  studied  by  Brogger  and 
ReuscJi  (ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxvii.,  675,  1875),  and  Brogger  (Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  474,  1879),  and  a  gen- 
eral correspondence  with  wagnerite  finally  proved. 

Walkerite.— See  Pectolite,  p.  89. 

WALPURGITE,  App.  I.,  p.  16;  II.,  p.  60.— According  to  Weisbach  (J.  Min.,  1877,  1)  the 
crystals  are  triclinic,  with  p^seudo-monoclinic  symmetry,  due  to  twinning.  Grotli  confirms 
this  by  an  optical  examination,  Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  93,  1877. 

WALTHERITE. — See  Bismutite,  p.  15. 


APPENDIX  III.  131 

Waluewite.— See  Xanfhophyllite,  p.  132. 

WAPPLERITE,  App.  II.,  p.  60. — Cryst.  and  optical  description,  Schrauf,  Z.  Kryst.,  iv., 

281,  1880. 

WARWICKITE.— Min.,  p.  600;  App.  II.,  p.  60. 

Wattevillite.     Singer,  Inaug.  Diss.  Wiirzburg,  1879,  p.  18. 

In  very  minute  acicular  crystals,  orthorhombic  or  inonoclinic;  in  part  twins;  forms  fine 
fibrous  aggregates.  GK=1*81.  Color  snow  white.  Lustre  silky.  Taste  first  sweet,  then 
astringent.  Analysis,  after  deducting  33*69  p.  c.  hygroscopic  water  : 

S03       Alo03      FeO       XiO        CoO       CaO       MgO       K20      Na,0       H20 
44-01       0-24       0-88'      1'05        1-30      16-87       249       4-74      10-46      17'73    =     90-77. 

Calculated  formula  :  KSO.t  +  2aq,  very  near  polyhalite.  B.  B.  swells  up  and  fuses  with 
difficulty  to  a  white  blebby  enamel.  Very  soluble  in  water;  from  the  concentrated  solution, 
crystals  of  gypsum  separate  on  standing,  and  still  more  quickly  on  warming.  Found  on 
lignite,  associated  with  other  related  sulphates  on  the  Bauersburg;  near  Bischofsheim  vor 
dem  Rhon,  in  Bavaria.  Named  after  M.  v.  Watte ville,  of  Paris. 

WAVELLITE.— Min.,  p.  575;  App.  II.,  p.  60. 
WERNERITE. — See  Scapolite,  p.  106. 

Werthemanite.  Raimondi,  Min.  Perou,  p.  244,  1878  (Domeyko,  5th  Append.  Min. 
Chili,  1876). 

Massive,  easily  reduced  to  powder.  G.  =  2-80.  Color  white.  Gives  an  argillaceous 
odor,  and  adheres  to  the  tongue.  Composition  :  A1.>S00  +  3aq.  Analysis  gave  :  S03 
34-50,  A1,.O3  45-00,  Fe203  1-25,  II20  19-25  =  100.  B.  B.  infusible.  Soluble  in  acids.  It 
differs  from  aluminite  only  in  containing  less  water.  Found  in  a  bed  of  clay  near  the 
city  of  Chacliapoyas,.  Peru.  Pyr.  as  with  aluminite.  B.  B.  infusible;  after  ignition  gives 
a  blue  color  with  cobalt  solution.  Insol.  in  HC1,  HN03  and  aqua  regia. 

WESTANITE. — App.  I.,  p.  16. 
WHEELERITE. — App.  II.,  p.   60. 
WHEWELLITE. — Min.,  p.  718;  App.  II.,  p.  61. 
WHITNEYITE. — Min.,  p.  37;  App.  II.,  p.  61. 
WILLCOXITE. — App.  II.,  p.  61. 
WILLEMITE.— Min.,  p.  262;  App.  II.,  p.  61. 

"WlNKLERITE. — App.  II.,  p.   61. 
WlNKWORTHITE. — App.    I.,  p.  17. 

WISERINE.— Min.,  p.  528;  App.  II.,  p.  61.— See  Octahedrite,  App.  III.,  p.  85. 
WITTICHENITE. — Min.,  p.  98;  App.  II.,  p.  61. 
WOHLERITE. — Min.,  p.  291;  App.  II.,  p.  62. 

WOLFACHITE. — App.  I.,  p.  17. 


132  APPEKDIX  in. 

WOLFRAMITE,  Min.,  p.  601;  App.  II.,  p.  62. — Oryst.  description,  Felsobanya,  Krenner. 
Min.  Mitth.,  1875,  9. 

With  tin-stone  at  Inverell,  New  South  Wales,  Liversidge,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  N.  S.  W., 
Nov.  3,  1880. 

WOLLASTONITE,  Min.,  p.  210;  App.  II.,  p.  62. — Anal.,  Santorin.  Fouque,  C.  R.,  Ixxx., 
631,  1875. 

WOLLONGONGITE,  App.  I.,  p.  17. — See  Torbanite,  p.  123. 
WOODWARDITE. — Min.,  p.  666;  App.  II.,  p.  62. 

WULFENITE,  Min.,  p.  607;  App.  II.,  p.  62. — Occurrence  in  the  silver  district,  Yuma  Co., 
Arizona;  sometimes  in  simple  octahedral  crystals,  B.  Silliman,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxii., 
203,  1881. 

Schrauf  has  given  the  name  CHROMOWULFENITE  to  some  red  wulfenite  containing  chro- 
mium, Ber.  Ak.  Wien,  Ixiii.,  1871. 

WURTZITE,  Min.,  p.  59.— Anal.,  Przibram,  Frenzel,  J.  Min.,  1875,  678. 
Description  of  artifical  crystals,  hemimorphic,  like  greenockite,  Forstner,  Z.  Kryst.,  v., 
363,  1881. 

See  also  Erytlirozincite,  p.  43. 

XANTHIOSITE. — App.  II.,  p.  62. 
Xantholite. — See  Staurolite,  p.  114. 

XANTHOPYLLITE,  Min.,  p.  508. — A  variety  is  called  WALUEWITE  by  v.  Kokscharof  (P.  v. 
Jeremefef,  Verh.  Min.  Ges.  St.  Petersburg,  II.,  xi.,  341,  355,  1876;  N.  von  Kokscharof , 
Z.  Kryst.,  ii,  51,  1877  (Min.  Russl.,  vii.,  346)). 

Monoclinic  in  symmetry.  Axes,  c:  I  :  d  =  3 -2728  : 1  :  0-5768.  ft  =  90°  0'.  Observed 
planes  :  0,  -£-*,  -H,  *-3,  i,  -£,  *-& ;  0 A  -\-i  =  109°  28' ;  O A f-3  =109°  28' ;  -$-i A i-3 
=  109°  28^' :  0  A  -H  =  0  A  — L  =  -l_a  A  s_§  _  _ JL  A  j  _±_j  =  140°  46' ;  these  angles  corre- 
spond closely  with  the  isometric  system.  Plane  angle  of  the  base  120°.  Twins  common,  simi- 
lar to  those  of  mica;  twinning-jplane  /.  Cleavage:  basal  perfect.  H.  =  4'5.  G.  =  3093. 
Lustre  vitreous  ;  on  cleavage  plane  pearly.  Color  leek  to  bottle-green.  Transparent 
to  translucent.  Strongly  dichroic,  parallel  c  (vert.)  fine*  green,  perpendicular  to  c  (vert.) 
reddish  brown.  Optical  properties  (H.  Bucking) :  axial  plane  the  clinodiagonal  section; 
bisectrix  negative,  inclined  32°  to  the  normal  (probable  error  not  greater  than  13'). 
Axial  angle  about  20£°  (20°-40°  Des  Cloizeaux,  p  <  v).  Analysis,  P.  v.  Nikolajef : 

Si02        Al,03      Fe203      FeO        MgO         CaO         HoO 

16-90        43-55        2-31        0'33        17'47        13-00        5'07    =    98'63. 

Found  with  perofskite  and  other  species  in  chloritic  schists  in  the  mine  Nikolaje-Maxi- 
milianowsk,  near  Achmatowsk,  in  the  southern  Ural.  Named  after  the  Russian  Minister, 
P.  A.  von  Waluew. 

See  also  Clintonite,  p.  28. 


XENOTIME,  Min.,  p.  528  ;  App.  II.,  p. 
369;  St.  Gothard,  ib.,  1879,  536. 


62.— Cryst.,  Binnenthal,  Klein,  J.  Min.,  1875, 


Occurrence  at  Konigshayn,  Gorlitz,  Silesia,  v.  Lasaulx,  J.  Min.,  1877,  174.  Crystals 
compounded  with  zircon  from  Alexander  Co.,  N.  C.,  W.  E.  Hidden,  Am.  J.  Sc.,  III., 
xxi.,  244,  1881. 

Anal.,  Hitteroe,  ScJiiotz,  J.  Min.,  1876,  306. 

Youngite.    Hannay,  Min.  Mag.,  i.,  152,  1877;  ii.,  88,  1878. 

A  coarsely  crystalline,  apparently  homogeneous  mineral.  H.  =6.  Lustre  metallic,  re- 
sembling fractured  cast-iron.  A  specimen  of  unknown  source  yielded  Hannay,  analyses  1, 


APPENDIX   III.  133 

2,  3,  4 ;  and  a  specimen  from  Ballarat,   Australia,  gave  Stewart  and  Hood,  analyses  5 
and  6  (mean  of  several) : 

S  Pb  Zn  Fe  Mn 

1.  G.  =362    28-85  2092  40-07  ....  11 '13  =  100-97. 

2.  G.  =3-59    27-50  24-22  38-46  2-83  6'93  =  99-94. 
3                       26-93  24-58  3792  2-80  6-77  =  99-00. 
4.                      28-99  22-18  %  37-75  3-14  7'00  =  i9-06. 

5  27-43  26-02  35'42  9-16          1-28,  Sb  0-25,  Si02  0-13  =  99'69. 

6.  G.  =456    27-28  25-73  36'62  8'73          1-30,  SiO2  0-10  =  99-76. 

Corresponds  approximately  to  a  simple  sulphide  containing  lead  and  zinc,  with  varying 
quantities  of  iron  and  manganese.  Named  after  Mr.  John  Young,  of  Glasgow. 

[The  description  of  "  Youngite"  is  very  incomplete  (note  the  disparity  in  the  determi- 
nations of  the  specific  gravity),  and  the  composition  is  improbable.  Analyses  1  and  2,  for 
which  separate  formulas  are  given  by  the  author,  were  obtained  from  the  same  specimen! 
Beyond  question  a  mechanical  mixture.] 

YTTROCERITE. — Min.,  p.  625;  App.  I.,  p.  62. 
Yttrogummite. — See  Cleveite,  p.  27. 
YTTROTANTALITE. — Min.,  p.  519  ;  App.  II.,  p.  62. 

ZARATITE,  Min.,  p.  710.— From  the  mines  of  Rapi,  Province  de  la  Mar,  Peru,  Raimondi, 
Min.  Perou,  p.  206,  1878. 

ZEPHAROVICHITE. — App.  I.,  p.  62. 

ZEUNERITE,  App.  II. ,  p.  62.— Cryst.,  and  association  with  uranospinite,  WeisbacJi,  Jahrb. 
Berg.-Hiitt.,  1877,  Abhandl.,  p.  45  (Z.  Kryst.,  i.,  394). 

ZINC,  Min.,  p.  17. — Reported  as  found  in  the  native  state  in  north-eastern  Alabama,  W. 
D.  Marks,  Am.  J.  Sc.  III.,  xi.,  234,  1876. 

Zincaluminite.    Bertrand  and  Damour,  Bull.  Soc.  Min.,  iv.,  135,  136,  1881. 

In  minute  crystals,  forming  very  thin  hexagonal  plates.  Optically  u^jaxial,  negative, 
and  hence  hexagonal,  or  possibly  orthorhombic  with  I /\  I  =  120°  nearly  (Bertrand). 
H.  =  2-5-3.  G.  =  2-26.  Color  white,  or  slightly  bluish.  Analysis,  Damour,  deducting 
a  little  clay  associated  with  it  : 

SO3  A1.,O3  ZnO  CuO  H20 

12-94  25-48  34-69  1'85  25-04    =     100. 

Formula  :  2ZnS04  +  4ZnH202  +  3Al2Hf,0G  +  5aq,  requiring  :  S03  12'48,  A1203  24-12, 
ZnO  33-12,  H20  25 -28  =  100.  B.  B.  in  the  closed  tube  gives  off  abundance  of  water. 
Slightly  alkaline.  With  cobalt  solution  on  strong  ignition,  gives  a  greenish-gray  mass 
with  blue  at  some  points.  On  charcoal  a  zinc  coating.  Soluble  in  HNOa,  leaving  5  to  7 
p.  c.  clay.  From  the  zinc  mines  of  Laurium,  Greece.  If*. 

ZINCITE.— Min.,  p.  135;  App.  II.,  p.  63. 

ZINKENITE,  Min.,  p.  88.— Anal.,  Sendtner,  from  Adlersbach,  near  Hausach,  Kinzigthal, 
Ann.  Ch.  Pharm.,  clxxxv.,  205,  1877. 

ZINNWALDITE. — See  Mica  Group,  p.  77. 

Zircarbite.  C.  U.  Sliepard,  Contrib.  Min.,  1877.  A  massive,  compact,  or  cellular,  yel- 
lowish-brown, opaque  mineral.  H.  =  2-2-5.  B.  B.  infusible.  Chemical  nature  unknown. 
With  cyrtolite,  at  the  granite  quarries  of  Rockport,  Mass. 


134  APPENDIX  in. 

ZIRCON,  Min.,  p.  272;  App.  II.,  p.  63 — Supposed  to  occur  in  microscopic  twin  crystals, 
Meyer,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxx.,  11,  352,  1878;  Stapff,  I.  c.,  xxx.,  133  ;  xxxi.,  405,  1879;  Riess, 
Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  i.,  203,  1878;  Hussak,  Min.  Petr.  Mitth.,  i.,  277,  1878;  this  conclusion 
questioned  by  Sauer,  J.  Min.,  1879,  569;  Rosenbusch,  Att.  Accad.  Torino,  June  19,  1881. 

Large  twin  crystal  (1-i  as  twinning-plane),  from  Renfrew,  Canada,  W.  E.  Hidden,  Am. 
J.  Sc.,  III.,  xxi.,  507,  1881;  same  observed  by  L.  Fletcher,  Z.  Kryst.,  vi.,  80,  1881.  The 
crystals  from  Renfrew  occur  with  gigantic  titanite  crystals  (p.  122),  and  are  sometimes 
very  large.  From  various  Italian  localities,  Uzielll,  Accad.  Line.  Mem.,  II.,  iii.,  862, 
1876. 

Mallard  (Ann.  Min.,  VII.,  x.,  143,  1876)  includes  zircon  among  the  pseudo-tetragonal 
minerals. 

Specific  gravity  determination,  Church,  Geol.  Mag.,  II.,  ii.,  322,  1875. 

Anal.,  El  Paso,  Colorado,  Konig,  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  Phil.,  xvi.,  518,  1877,  or  Z.  Kryst.,  i., 
432. 

Color  due  to  state  of  oxidation  of  iron,  and  varied  in  R.  F.  and  0.  F.,  Spezia,  Att.  Ace. 
Torino,  xii.,  37,  1876. 

A  variety  of  zircon  from  Ceylon  is  called  BECCARITE  by  Grattarola  (Att.  Soc.  Tosc. ,  iv. , 
177,  1879).  Color  olive  green.  Optically  biaxial,  with  apparently  twinned  structure;  a 
basal  section  is  divided  into  four  sectors  in  polarized  light.  Form  and  other  characters 
like  zircon.  Analysis  :  Si02  30-30,  Zr02  62'16,  AL,03  2'52,  CaO  3'62,  ign.  0  30  =  98'92. 
Named  for  Dr.  0.  Beccari. 

See  also  Cyrtolite,  p.  33. 

ZIRLITE. — App.  II.,  p.  63. 

ZOBLITZITE,  App.  II.,  p.  34.— Anal,  (a  white  serpentine),  Frenzel,  J.  Min.,  1875,  680. 

ZOISITE,  Min.,  p.  290;  App.  II.,  p.  63.— Anal.,  Syra,  Ludeclce,  ZS.  G.  Ges.,  xxviii.,  258, 
1876.  Leiperville,  Delaware  Co.,  Pa.,  Konig,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1878,  83. 

Cry st.  (thoulite),  Souland,  Norway,  Brogger,  Z.  Kryst.,  iii.,  471,  1879. 

Crystallographically  and  chemically  investigated  by  Tschermak  and  Sipocz  (Ber  Ak.Wien, 
Ixxxii.,  141,  1880).  The  measurements  (of  crystals  from  Ducktown,  Tenn.,  by  Becke)  con- 
firm the  accepted  orthorhombie  character.  The  optical  characters  are  peculiar,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  presence'of  twin  lamella.  An  analysis  of  transparent  crystals  from  Duck- 
town,  by  Ludwig,  gave:  SiO,  39'Cl,  A12O3  32'89,  Fe^On  0-91,  Fe  0-71,  MgO  014,  CaO 
24-50,  HQ0  2-12  =  100  88.  This  corresponds  to  the  already  accepted  formula  :  H2Ca4 
[Al3]sSi«0««,  analogous  to  that  epidote,  in  which  [Fe.j]  takes  the  place  of  [A12];  between 
the  two  various  intermediate  compounds  exist,  according  to  the  extent  to  which  the  iron 
and  aluminum  respectively  replace  each  other. 

ZONOCHLORITE. — See  Prehnite,  p.  96. 

ZORGITE,  Min.,  p.  43.— Analyses  of  related  minerals  (Pb,Cu;Se,  and  (Cu,Pb)3Se2,  from 
the  Andes,  Pisani,  C.  K,  Ixxx.,  391,  1879. 


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